مجله محیط زیست و توسعه فرابخشی
پیاپی 62 (زمستان 1397)

One of the impacts of climate change is alteration in water cycles in the different parts of the world. Since the impacts can influence economy and importantly, human health, it is necessary to study effective parameters of human readiness against economic issues, water shortages and so forth in the future. Thus, the present research is conducted to study the process of hydro-climatic changes of Kan River basin. The research examined a 30-year period of 1985-2014 using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression. According to the research results, precipitation and discharge decreased slightly; whereas, evapotranspiration (evaporation and transpiration) followed an ascending trend. In addition, studying the changes within three prospective periods 2030, 2060, and 2090 through GISS-AOM of general circulation model series indicated that evapotranspiration maintains an ascending trend; while, precipitation declines despite volatility in particular periods. Moreover, the average temperature of the area, which is directly related to evapotranspiration, decreases to the mid21st century, and then increases comparing to global mean temperature.

In the last decades, urban transportation systems and its effectes has attracted attention of researchers. The production of several dangerous pollutants caused by these systems has endangered human health in urban life. Analysis of average vehicle speed on pollutant enviromental is the main goal of this stud .The research method is descriptive – analytical and 22 areas of Tehran city is the region of this study. The used data in this research includes average vehicle speed and the information of urban transportation system have been used traffic police information bank and Tehran municipality yearbook. In this research at first, the average vehicle speed have been calculated for 22 areas of Tehran city separately in two different decades. In the next step, the production of three important pollutants, namely carbon monoxide, volatile gas and nitrogen oxide, have been investigated by vehicles and the level of cleanliness and pollution have been analyzed in different regions of Tehran and its causes. Investigations shows that the emissions of enviromental pollutants by vehicles is occurring at a certain range of speed. Increasing and reducing speed of this range, increases the production of pollutants from vehicles. Intelligent transportation system is the best idea to automatic control the transportation speed to reduce the pollution generation.

Health, safety and environmental risk management in construction projects has always been a concern because of the risk nature of the work. In this study, we attempted to manage the risk management process of the future bank central building project using William Fine, JSA, PFMEA and EFMEA methods for health, safety and environmental hazards, respectively. SPSS software was used for frequency analysis of risks by type and level of risk. The results showed that of the 43 risks identified in the health sector by William Fine technique, 56% were at high level, 28% at moderate level and 16% at low level, most of which were ergonomic hazards. In the safety sector, JSA techniques identified a total of 41 hazards for 21 jobs, 40% at critical level, 51% at warning level, and 7% at low level. According to the PFMEA method, out of the 28 identified risks, 50% were at the top level, 43% at the critical level and 7% at the warning level. In total, the two techniques included risk of falling from a height and falling equipment and materials from a height. They prioritized risk. Also in the environmental field with EFMEA technique approach out of 31 identified risks, 94% were unacceptable and 6% were in acceptable area where risk of noise pollution and emission of microbes had the highest risk priority. In general, it can be concluded that safety risks are more important than other risks in the construction industry in terms of frequency, likelihood and severity of consequences.

The aim of this study was to investigate the contamination of deposited dust binding and soil deep (10-25 cm) to heavy metals cadmium, lead and zinc in the prevailing wind direction(North West – South East) Khash city's land fill. First, by observing the status of the current landfill deals and Dust samples of 10 stations in the study area was prepared in January 2013. After preparation of the samples, the concentrations of heavy metals using atomic absorption were measured. Igeo, CF and ecological risk calculate dosing the formula were determined. The average concentration of cadmium, lead and zinc, respectively, 3.28, 83.1, 1190.65 mg/kg and in soil deep 3.98, 114.21 and 1885.32 mg/kg respectively was achieved. The Igeo index was classified as moderate to severe pollution, pollution factor of very high degree of pollution and ecological risk was significant. The results of data analysis and estimate that 1 almost no pollution control stations and other stations strong have pollution of heavy metals zinc, lead and cadmium.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the participation rate of citizens in district 9 of Tehran in the field of environmental protection. In this descriptive-survey study, a library, field and questionnaire was used to collect information. Data were analyzed using SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistics. According to the results of the present research, the total mean of participation variables of residents in District 9 in the field of urban environmental protection was 3.1138 and the value of sig was 0.003, which indicates that citizens have sufficient participation in the field of protection from the environment. Also according to Friedman test results, citizens have the highest participation rates in the area of parks and green space protection (with an average rating of 8.47) and the lowest participation rate in the neighborhood cleaning (with an average rating of 2.81) have had. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between the level of environmental participation of the citizens and the age, sex, marital status, education, and residence status. In this study, Box tests, Lambda and Wilcox and Lyon tests were used to analyze the effects between the subjects. The results showed that the level of significance was 0.001, which is smaller than the error value (0.05). The result can be inferred that the participation of citizens in Tehran's 9th district in protecting the urban environment has a significant effect.