International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research
Volume:5 Issue: 2, Spring 2017

Soil temperature serves as a key variable in hydrological investigations to determine soil moisture content as well as hydrological balance in watersheds. The ingoing research aims to shed lights on potential of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and Neuro-Fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to simulate soil temperature at 5-100 cm depths. To satisfy this end, climatic and soil temperature data logged in Isfahan province synoptic station were collected.

The ANNs structure was designed by one input layer, one hidden layer and finally one output layer. The network was trained using Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm, then the trial and error was considered to determine optimal number of hidden neurons. The number of 1 to 13 neurons were evaluated and subsequently considering a trial and error test and model error, the most suitable number of neuron of hidden layer for soil depths 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 and 100 cm was found to be 3, 4, 5, 4, 5 and 3 neurons respectively. Clustering radius was set as 1.5 for subtractive clustering algorithm.

Results showed that estimation error tends to increase with the depth for both ANNs and ANFIS models which may be attributed to weak correlation between the input climatic variables and the soil temperature at increasing depth. Result suggested that ANFIS approach outperforms ANN in simulating soil horizons temperature.

This study aims to review group learning method effect compared to individual learning method on dyslexic students of second grade in elementary school and it evaluates whether their problem will be solved in group and by other`s help? Thus, two methods of learning- Jigsaw I and Jigsaw II methods -were used to review their effects on improving learning and reading of children. Pretest-posttest design was selected due to semi-experimental method topic. Kessler and mental scale was used to gather data and a test for recognizing reading called Shirazie test was used to determine disorder amount of students reading, also data resulted from pretest, posttest, follow up and delayed tests were used to gather information. Validity coefficient was estimated .87 and reliability coefficient was .96 for total scale, .94 for class scale, and .91 for practical scale during one month that reliability coefficients’ median was reported .75. 30 students were delivered learning services in learning disorders center by one mentor, and in two shifts, preferentially 60 students were under learning services, in this study, 30 students of first shift was selected randomly as experimental group and 30 students of second shift was selected as control group. Gathered information was used for statistical tasks with the use of independent groups` t-test and SPSS software in order to compare performance of two independent groups of experimental and control.   Study findings indicate that group learning method effect compared to individual learning method on reducing the problems of dyslexic students of second grade in elementary students of Qazvin city. It is deduced from hypotheses that group learning compared with individual learning is effective in no addition and/or removing words in text, group learning compared with individual learning method is effective in no addition and removing letter or syllable, group learning compared with individual learning method is effective in no substitution of words in text, thus it can be concluded that students that are learned by group method are enjoyed better performance in reading skill.

Ceftiofur, a third-generation cephalosporin, is used as a usual antimicrobial drug in veterinary medicine. Positive efficiency of ceftiofur for treatment of retained fetal membrane (RFM) and acute puerperal metritis has been previously reported. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of ceftiofur hydrochloride (CH) in prevention of uterine postpartum infections and improvement the fertility parameters in Holstein dairy cows. After parturition, 300 dairy cows affected with dystocia and RFM, from a single dairy herd, were randomly assigned into 2 groups (n=150). Group1 (control) was not treated but other group (CH) was subcutaneously treated with 2.2 mg/kg CH for 5 days. CH could significantly reduce rate of uterine infections compared with control groups (P<0.01). Open days and first service rate were significantly lower in CH group compared with control group (P<0.01). It can be concluded that uterine infections and metritis are inevitable part of dairy cow transitional period. Injection of CH had beneficial effects on reduction the infections and thus it can be advised use of CH to reduce infections and increasing fertility rate in dairy cows affected with RFM and dystocia, before other control program.

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a drug  used  widely and effectively in oral  and  ‎intravenous  forms  as  a  specific  antidote  for acetaminophen poisoning.  In children ‎considering the toxic dose of acetaminophen ingested by the patient and the body weight, the ‎physician prescribes a specific dose of NAC. There is always a risk of  iatrogenic overdose of  ‎NAC  which can cause different mild to severe temporary or permanent  side effects, some of ‎which can be life threatening. Here we report a rare case of iatrogenic NAC overdose following ‎an error in calculation of the prescribed dose.‎The patient was a 2.5 years old boy that was brought to emergency room with overdose ‎of acetaminophen syrup. The Physician prescribed 2 grams of intravenous NAC for him, but ‎because of the miscalculation of the volume of the drug, the nurse infused about 20 grams of ‎NAC (10 times the prescribed dose) to the patient. Immediately the patient became drowsy and ‎developed decreased level of consciousness, stupor, repetitive intractable focal and generalized ‎convulsions, decrease visual acuity and had prolonged hospitalization in intensive care unit and ‎pediatric neurologic wards and perhaps will have permanent subtle intellectual and neurologic ‎sequela. Considering the possible errors in the prescription and administration of some ‎critical and less commonly used drugs especially those which have several different formulary ‎and also considering their possible serious and life threatening side effects, it is recommended ‎that the dose and volume of such medications be calculated meticulously by at least two trained ‎persons. Also it is important to carry out the administration phases and check the patient’s ‎symptoms more attentively and cautiously. ‎

Ceftiofur, a third-generation cephalosporin, is used as a usual antimicrobial drug in veterinary medicine. Positive efficiency of ceftiofur for treatment of retained fetal membrane (RFM) and acute puerperal metritis has been previously reported. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of ceftiofur hydrochloride (CH) in prevention of uterine postpartum infections and improvement the fertility parameters in Holstein dairy cows.

After parturition, 300 dairy cows affected with dystocia and RFM, from a single dairy herd, were randomly assigned into 2 groups (n=150). Group1 (control) was not treated but other group (CH) was subcutaneously treated with 2.2 mg/kg CH for 5 days.

CH could significantly reduce rate of uterine infections compared with control groups (P<0.01). Open days and first service rate were significantly lower in CH group compared with control group (P<0.01). It can be concluded that uterine infections and metritis are inevitable part of dairy cow transitional period. Injection of CH had beneficial effects on reduction the infections and
thus it can be advised use of CH to reduce infections and increasing fertility rate in dairy cows affected with RFM and dystocia, before other control program.

The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and attitude of pharmaceutical students around self-medication, common medicines and Drug and Poison Information Center (DPIC) for the first time. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 204 pharmaceutical students. Data were collected using questionnaire including socio-demographic questions, general and specialized information about Drugs, DPIC, and drugs side effects. All analysis conducted using the SPSS 16.0 software. Of the total 204 participants, 93(45.6%) respondents were males and 111(54.4%) of them were females by the mean age of 22.05 (±1.5). More than half of the respondents (52%) had no information about DPIC and its functions. Approximately 44% of students have a consultation with a pharmacist for drug use. Averagely, only 39.88% of students had suitable drugs information. Significant relationship was observed between age and medicine consultation (P = 0.025). This study showed that the pharmaceutical students had a poor knowledge about the prevalence of using different drugs and DPIC’s functions. Country''s medical system is still facing the problem of uncontrolled usage and also a lack of knowledge, so it is recommended to perform comprehensive studies for finding factors that effect on students’ awareness to improve their academic performance.

Decrease  in the staff Productivity in some of the enterprises is one of the  problems  that the managers have to encounter. The purpose of this study was to the study of  investigating the relationship between social capital and intellectual capital with staff productivity in Kerman University of Medical Sciences.

A descriptive, quantitative, co relational design was used. The  population comprises all the  staffs of the  above organization , the number of them added up to 1034 individuals in 2017. The sample includes 280 subjects based upon Krejcie & Morgan Table (1970) which appointed in proportionate stratified random sampling. A data collection instrument is included demographic questionnaire, questionnaire of social capital, intellectual capital and  staff productivity .Data analysis included descriptive statistics, pearson’s r and spearman’s correlations, regression analysis, ANOVA analyses and SPSS software (package of Spss / pc + + ver21).  

The results of this study show the there is a significant relationship between social capital and intellectual capital  with  staff productivity. According the results, there is a significant relationship between organizational capital and cognitive capital with  staff productivity.

The purpose of this study was to examine the compare of perceived stress and feeling lonely in breast cancer patients and normal individuals. This research is causal-comparative. The population consist of all patients with breast cancer in hospitals of Ardebil. 60  patients and 60  normal individuals were selected with sampling method. The students answered the same questionnaire including social and emotional loneliness scale for adults  (SELSA_S) and questionnaire  of  perceived stress scale. Data analysis included MANOVA analyses and SPSS software (package of Spss / pc + + ver18). The results showed that there is a significant relationship between perceived stress positive,  negative andfeeling lonely in breast cancer patients and normal individuals. According the results the there is a significant relationship between loneliness in breast cancer patients and normal individuals and mean loneliness feeling in patients with breast cancer more than normal subjects.

studies had shown that oxygenated compounds were important in food products. It seems that Citrus species had a profound influence on this factor. The goal of the present study was to investigate on flavor components of two Citrus species. In the early week of June 2012, about 500 g of leaves were collected from many parts of the same trees. Leaf components were extracted using water distillation method and then analyzed using GC and GC-MS. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range tests. The amount of oxygenated compounds ranged from 29.14% to 85.64%. Between two species examined, sour orange showed the highest content of oxygenated compounds. As a result of our study, can be concluded that the species used can influence the quantity of oxygenated compounds present in the oil