مجله زبان شناسی گویش های ایرانی
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 3، بهار و تابستان 1396)

Possessive construction is one of the interesting constructions which has attracted the attention of researchers in the field of linguistic typology and its various properties in various languages have been studied. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the possessive construction in Kurdish (Gurani dialect) from a typological point of view. We aim to find the linguistic type of Gurani Kurdish on the basis of the order of elements in possessive construction (i.e. possessor and possessum), the linking strategy and the degree of their fusion, and the distinction between alienable and inalienable possession. The findings of the study suggest that Gurani dialect uses two simple strategies for possessive construction on the phrase level: 1) juxtaposition strategy with NG order and independent elements; 2) Affixation strategy with NG order and linked elements. On the sentence level, it uses 'have'- construction and 'belong'-construction with differences between them in terms of the element order, definiteness vs. indefiniteness of possessor and possessum, and alienability vs. inalienability.

Compensatory lengthening is the lengthening of a vowel sound that happens upon the loss of a following consonant. This phenomenon is common in many dialects and languages. The purpose of this research is the study of compensatory lengthening in Taibadi dialect base on optimality theory. This dialect is used by residents of the city of Taibad and some villages near this city, located 225 km south-east of Mashhad, in Khorasan Razavi province. The data were collected through a descriptive-analytical method from ten native speakers of Taibadi dialect by using a questionnaire. By analyzing the data in the framework of the principles of optimal phonology, the most important constraints on the optimal forms of Taybadi dialect were specified in terms of compensatory lengthening. Based on the results, this process in Taibadi dialect can be created in four different ways. Deletion of glottal fricative and glottal stop in both the middle and final position as well as the deletion of rolling "w" cause the lengthening of the consonant's next vowel. Additionally, in some cases, the deletion or shortening of a vowel can lead to the lengthening of the adjacent consonant, or intensification. Although Moorai theory can better explain this process, all of these cases can be explained by optimality tables.

While affixation is a major morphological device for the creation of new words and word forms among the languages of the world, there are many restrictions on the ordering of affixes within a word. In this research, we attempt to use the Bybee (1985) semantic framework, as “the relevance principle”, in examining of the affix and clitic ordering of the Mazandarani dialect of Mahmoudabad, one of the dialects of the northwest of Iran. The research data indicate that the relevance principle in relation to the ordering of time-setting, polarity, contradiction, and derivative, as well as non-intermediate words in Mazandarani, are effective. Only in the case of the derivative order of the object trait, failure to follow this principle is observed. In addition, it was found that as the distance between an affix and the root is greater than the basic lexical content, it is further located in the syntax. It is therefore the case that the matching affixes and the object-oriented clitics which are more related to the syntax and syntactic relations (the subject and the object), not the semantic and the lexical ones, always represent the greatest distance with the verb roots. Due to the syntactic nature, the aforementioned elements in addition to be more general and broader, have the highest frequency of occurrence and hence, they are more syntactic.

The present study investigates the morphophonological processes of grammatical morphemes of noun in Sorani Kurdish based on generative phonology. In this research, two main goals are pursued: introducing the grammatical morphemes of noun in Sorani Kurdish, and finding the derivational processes of these alternative representations from the underlying forms. For this purpose, a ten-hour corpus of native speakers of Mariwan city was gathered, transcribed, categorized, and eventually analyzed. The results of these analyzes revealed that in Sorani Kurdish language, by adding grammatical morphemes to nouns, the processes of inserting, deleting and changing vowels into glide in morpheme boundary and the noun base were the most productive processes in this language.

Voicing is one of the controversial matters in phonetics. As we know consonants divide to two parts, voiced and voiceless. The vibration of vocal cords during closure makes consonants voiced and when we don’t have vibration during closure, we will have voiceless consonants. At the onset of syllable, If a vowel or a sonorant consonant comes after consonant, being voiced or voiceless feature affect the voice onset time of vowel or sonorant. VOT (voice onset time) is a term that created by Abramson and Lisker in 1964 and it is the time interval between stop release and beginning of waves which shows larynx movement leads to articlate a vowel. One of the effective factors on VOT is the place of stop consonant in word (context). In this paper VOT measured in PRAATsoftware in three places (initial, intervocalic and after voiceless fricative). Results showed that the difference between VOT in three places is meaningful.

This paper generally deals with the function of personal verbal affixes, pronominal clitics and their syntactic relations in Shourabi agreement system, a dialect of Kouhmare language. Based on the tense system and the transitivity versus intransitivity of verbs, Shourabi follows the split system in its personal agreement system: Nominative-Accusative versus Non-Nominative-Accusative agreement systems. In Nominative-Accusative system which includes intransitive verbs in all tenses and transitive verbs in present tense, verbal suffixes agree with agent or subject in person and number, while in Non-Nominative-Accusative system which includes transitive verbs in all past tenses, agreement with Agent is realized through the oblique pronomical clitics. One specific characteristics of Shourabi is the existence of two separate sets of personal pro-clitics which, in some cases, are different from each other morphologically, syntactically and functionally. The first set is the unmarked while the second set is the marked one. In Nominative-Accusative Agreement System, Shourabi is like modern Persian, but in Non-Nominative-Accusative System, it is different. Non-Nominative-Accusative Agreement System includes the tripartite, ergative-absolutive and oblique-oblique sub-systems.

Ardestan dialect which is one of the dialects of the northern branch of the group of languages ​​and the dialect of the new Western Iran is common in the central part of Ardestan city of Isfahan province. This dialect alongside the Zoroastrian dialect of Yazd and Kerman, the dialect of Kalimian Yazd and Kerman, as well as, Anarak and Zafra dialects is located in the southeastern group of central dialects of Iran. This article is devoted to verb inflection in which categories such as, stem inflectional affixes, identifiers, the way of constructing different tenses & cases are investigated as well. The required dialect corpus is collected through interviews with male and female speakers of various sex and educational groups. According to this research, the most important feature of this dialect is the distinction between transitive & intransitive verbs in past tense inflection & application of ergative-absolutive construction in the transitive pasts. Passive construction by using passive stem is rarely observed in the speech of some speakers.