نشریه اسلام و سلامت
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 11، بهار و تابستان 1399)

The body and soul in human being have a very strong relationship with each other, and the disturbance and illness of each may affect another. From the perspective of Islam, the health of the body and soul has a significant effect on human perfection and excellence. Considering the importance of this issue, the aim of this study was to state that the practical behavior (sireh) of Hazrat Zahra (SalAmollAh’alayh (S)) is as a superior model in this regard.

The current research investigated the narrations related to Hazrat Zahra's (S) sireh in the importance of health and its components using descriptive method.

The components introduced for body health included observing eating habits, adequate sleep, physical activity and personal health. The components of soul health consisted of learning education, having job and responsibility, worshipping, having an artistic spirit, attention to fitness, importance of recreation and relaxation as well as trying to get married and form a family.

By modeling these components in personal and social life, one can have a better and healthier life. Moreover, having both physical and soul health provides a healthy family and consequently, a healthy society, ultimately leading to material and spiritual progress and reaching pure life (hayat- e- tayebeh).

Health has four physical, mental, social and spiritual dimensions of which spiritual dimension is the most important. Given that maintaining these four dimensions of nursing students as important components of mental health will be effective on their professional improvement in health care organizations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between religious activities with physical and mental health of nursing and midwifery students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2019.

The sample of this descriptive-analytical study was 184 nursing and midwifery students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, and the research tool was a "Ware & Sherbourne Health Survey" questionnaire containing 36 closed-ended questions. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA.

In the present study, there was no significant relationship between physical health with religious activity and its components (P>0.05). There was a significant relationship between mental health and religious activity and its components (P=0.000). No significant relationship was found between religious activity and its components, physical health and mental health with gender, educational level, history of mental disorder, marital status and age, but they had a significant relationship with students' semester.

Considering the "average" level of mental health of students as well as the direct and significant relationship between mental health with religious activity and its components, it is necessary to plan for the promotion of spirituality among nursing and midwifery students.

Gratitude to God and spiritual intelligence can be considered as effective factors to increase the frustration tolerance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of gratitude to God and spiritual intelligence on frustration tolerance of students of Tehran universities.

In this descriptive-correlational study, 348 students (according to Cochran's formula) were selected from all State and Azad Universities in 2018 through simple random sampling. Data were collected using “Frustration Discomfort Scale” (Harrington, 2005), “Gratitude to God Scale” (Krause, 2006), and “Spiritual Intelligence Scale” (King, 2007). Pearson correlation and multivariate regression tests were applied for data analysis.

The findings showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between individual’s frustration tolerance with gratitude to God and spiritual intelligence. Moreover, combination of these two factors predicted 88% of the variance in frustration tolerance among students.

According to the results, it is recommended to pay special attention to the religious and spiritual factors in universities for enhancing students’ frustration tolerance and their psychological health.

Religious and non-religious sciences are among the topics in science and religion. The question that arises is whether sciences can be categorized into religious and non-religious ones? Is there basically non-religious science? Or conversely, is there religious science? Can all sciences be divided into religious and non-religious? For example, can it be said that whether there are religious and non-religious physics, medicine, psychology and economics?

In this study, it has been attempted to suggest the best theory about religious and non-religious sciences by referring to religious texts, performing rational analyses, examining different approaches, receiving positive points and rejecting unacceptable points.

One approach is that there are both religious and non-religious sciences and all sciences can be divided into religious and non-religious. Another approach is that there is basically no secular science, and all are religious sciences.

The main area of this division of the human sciences has a special meaning. In this area, the religious and non-religious sciences can be further discussed. However, in other fields this division is not justified. In other respects, of course, the role of religion in some of the fundamentals and strategies cannot be ignored.

Social health as a fundamental and key element in the improvement, excellence and effective performance of any society has a major role; therefore, addressing this area in religious-oriented analyses can improve the social health status of the community.

This descriptive-analytical study applied the interpretive sources of the Holy Qur’an.

According to the provisions of the Surah Al-Kahf, man's attainment of eternal bliss is in the shadow of belief in God and of doing decent deeds in human societies, namely, the purity of intention to do things and not to make a partner in doing the decent deeds is the basis of seeing God, leading to the sustainable social health. Social security is the crystallization of mercy and manifestation of divine mercy; therefore, any society which does not enjoy human security will not have divine mercy and social health. Most importantly, the social security has served as the basis for the realization of social health and justice.

As a result, social health with its dimensions (social activities, social well-being, how social communication, interpersonal communication, social support, satisfaction and participation in social roles) has been found in Kahf Surah with sincerity and without shirk. Public policymakers in the provision of social health should pay attention to the teachings of the Qur'an on social health to social justice as the foundation and social security for its survival.

Considering the importance of community health and the leading organizations in this field, investigating organizational health and related factors such as spiritual intelligence is of increasing importance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and organizational health among the staff of two important State health departments.

The statistical population in this descriptive correlational study was staff of Babol University of Medical Sciences and Department of Sport and Youth. A total of 356 individuals were selected by using full census sampling method and Morgan table. Data were collected through Spiritual Intelligence and Organizational Health questionnaires. Their face validity was confirmed by the respective professors and their reliability was 0.84 and 0.90 based on Cronbach's alpha, respectively. To analyze the hypotheses, Pearson correlation analysis and independent t-test were applied in SPSS 24.

The staff of the Departments of Medical Sciences and Sport had a high average of spiritual intelligence (3.9 and 4.1) and organizational health (4 and 3.8, respectively). There was a significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and organizational health of all staff (r= 0.436, P<0.01). There was no significant difference between organizational health and spiritual intelligence of the total staff of these two organizations.

Given the importance of spiritual intelligence and organizational health in human resource management and the relationship between them, the development of pre-service and in-service training programs should be considered so that these two leading organizations in health should be the model for other organizations.

Mental health has recently become one of the most important issues in the field of health and psychology. However, divine schools have always been concerned with the criteria of human growth and health. In the same way, Qur’an, the essence of the revelation school, has not only considered both humans’ physical and spiritual aspects, but also it has provided some approaches in the emotional, behavioral and cognitive levels. So, the aim of the present study was to investigate the Qur’anic strategies for developing the mental health.

This analytical-descriptive study reviewed some verses concerning strategies for development of mental health. For this purpose, some verses as well as psychological achievements were also used.

Regarding Qur’anic verses, some factors including faith in the Origin and Ma’ad (resurrection) (accompanied with its cognitive and behavioral effects), modesty, thinking, self-knowledge, divine love, empathy, effective communications and so on would affect mental health. Moreover, the present study took Ma’ad into account much more in terms of its evolutional aspect.

The Holy Qur'an, which presents itself as the guide of man to salvation, considers man to have two material and spiritual dimensions. Since mental health represents a kind of mental balance, it encompasses all aspects of human existence and coordination of one's needs. Therefore, it can be said that the Qur’an considers a person healthy, who can balance between physical, mental and spiritual needs, ultimately leading to his satisfaction. The current study has shown that in the Qur'an's view, the nearest enjoy the highest levels of mental and spiritual health; thus, it is suggested that scientific and research centers should provide more context for familiarity with Qur'an.

Individual education is a two-way communication that requires proper observation from both learner and educator to create a targeted and successful relationship. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of educator and learner in health education programs based on Islamic teachings.

This narrative review study was conducted through studying the Islamic reliable sources and teachings of the prophet and Imams regarding health and well-being in 2018. The sources used for this study included first-hand resources, religious books and relevant articles in authoritative scientific databases including Magiran, Noormages and SID from 1998 to 2018. The used keywords were Islam, health, education, learning and education.

Based on the findings, the educator's characteristics included praising, respecting the personality of individuals, specialty and commitment, practicing on the given teachings, observing justice in education, piety, observing order and awareness and so on. Moreover, the learner's characteristics were careful listening, seriousness, taking notes, respecting to educator, practicing on what was learned, consulting and
so on.

From the Islamic point of view, the characteristics of educator and learner include cultural, moral and social principles. In the Holy Qur’an, God has set traits for educators and learners, and in fact, has not left them in teaching and learning without principles and guidance. It is suggested that the educator and learner’s characteristics should be provided for them in the form of booklets based on Islamic teachings before teaching.