نشریه مطالعات قرآنی
پیاپی 41 (بهار 1399)

The present article is based on Allameh Tabatabai's ideas and explains paraphrase (quote in meaning) and its impact on verses of Qur'an and Prophet's narrations and studies examples of interpretive narrations affected in "Al Mizan" carefully; it also explains Allameh's method in criticizing the distinguishing criteria of affection and final decision on mentioned narrations. According to Allemeh one of the factors in the emergence of "quote" meaning unruly is the self - interpretation and misunderstanding of narrators. In cases where this phenomenon has caused disagreement between the narrations, if it is not possible to prefer between the narrations, he will combine them or express their commonalities; and whenever the narration leads to the alteration, he expresses and rejects the distortions with noble accuracy. Allameh Tabatabai studies "quote in meaning" in "Al-Mizan" according to Qur'an's criteria, narrations, wisdom and history. The finding of the present research is that in this interpretation, three types of quotations have been applied; the differences of words without changing the meanings, the differences of words with changing the meanings, the differences in words with distortion of meanings which all are expressed in details. The method of this paper is descriptive – analytical with library technique.

Fayz Kashani is one of the commentators with philosophical-mystical treasures on the one hand and Qur'anic-Hadithic interests on the other has esoteric approach to the Qur'an's Verses. He considers interpretation beyond the meaning of the word as their real meanings. Ibn Kathis is (also) one of the commentators who has added that the word "interpretation" applied in Quran means expression and explanation while accepting Ibn  ibn Taymiyyah's opinion about the meaning of interpretation in Qur'an; this interpretation is influenced by the interpretations of Tabari's " Jāmiʿ al-bayān" as well as ibn Taymiyyah's "interpretive principles". The origin of the formation of such interpretation on one hand and the interpretive methods of the interpreter on the other hand have given this interpretation special features that make it worthy of follow up. Comparing these two works from conceptual and methodological point of view could be effective on clarifying the concept of interpretation in these two areas. In both abovementioned interpretations, sometimes due to the existence of common approaches to the meaning of the verse they have been shared in them. This article studies Ibn Kathir and Fayz Kashani's approach to interpretations and compares their explanations.

One of the topics that has been considered by Muslim linguists, commentators and Orientalists since the early centuries of Islamic history is the issue of non-Arabic words in Holy Quran. This issue is of very importance in the linguistic researches of Qur'an and has expressed several viewpoints. Three main perspectives: for, against and in between are the result of the research of ancient linguists in this field. But the fact is that the linguistic sciences consider the existence of non-Arabic words in Qur'an to be a proven category. In the present article owning a descriptive-analytical approach, non-Arabic words in Qur'an are studied from modern linguistics' perspective. The most important finding of the present study is that non-Arabic words in Qur'an are undeniable and its denial is in conflict with the findings and ideologies of modern linguistics. Abovementioned words has entered the Arabic language hundred years before the revelation of Qur'an and have been adapted to the phonetic and morphological structure of Arabic language. On the other hand, the single origin of Semitic languages, of which Arabic is one, is another proof of the existence of words from the Semitic language family in Qur'an.

The scholarly and critical study of the backgrounds and causes of social, political, etc., interpretations and perceptions of Holy Quran has played vital role in recognizing the main and fundamental factors in the formation of different ideas, sects and groups in Islamic society undoubtedly. Accordingly, the purpose of the present article is to study various political interpretations of the Verses of Holy Quran after the death of Holy Prophet. In this regard, while surveying the prior sources and references relying on historical documents, the necessary information was provided in different files and then the research materials were compiled and explained with descriptive – analytical method. In order to clarify the extremist political attitudes towards the verses and hadiths after the death of Prophet Mohammad which inflicted irreparable effects on the Islamic Ummah, the fields of emergence of different interpretive methods, the interpretation method of Qur'an to Qur'an and the method of narration were studied initially. Continuing with narrating and writing hadith method during Holy Prophet's era (PBUH) and the prohibition of narrating and writing hadith during the caliphate of Abu Bakr, Omar and Uthman were surveyed.

Discovering the relevance of verses is one of the important issues in the field of studying Quranic sciences which is effective in understanding God's intention for the revelation of verses and Surahs; that’s why interpretors and scholars of Quranic sciences have been trying to discover this connection for a long time. However, the special features of this issue and the broadness of the scope of this issue have caused the explanation of the appropriateness of the names of God each surah to be central to the purpose of that surah. The present article studies the mentioned kind of proportionality in Surahs begin with oath واو in the 30th part of Holy Quran (Al-Naza'at, Al-Buruj, Al-Tariq, Al-Fajr, Al-Shams, Al-Layl, Al-Dhahi, Al-Tin, Al-Adiyat); it initially states lexical meaning of mentioned names in each Surah and then the relationship between these names by the main purpose of that surah is explained,

Undoubtedly, one of the Quran readers and interpreters of the Divine Book who has a special status among the readers and commentators of Qur'an is Zayd ibn Ali. His works show that he has written many books in this field and has been titled as "Halif Al Qur'an" (Votary to Quran) and indicates his constant connection with Qur'an. He also has a famous reading that some of the scholars have collected them in an independent book. The uprising of Zayd which is originated from the Verses of Qur'an, is the first uprising against the Umayyads by the family of Imam Ali after the event of Karbala in Islamic lands. Sadat Hassani and Sadat Hosseini also revolted and protested inspired by the mentioned uprising against Umayyads and Abbasids. Therefore, the present research intends to determine the estate of Zayd Ibn Ali’s uprising by enjoying Quranic learnings initially and then express the effect of this uprising on spreading Shiism process and the method is descriptive – analytical.

One of the most important issues that the Islamic religion is very concerned about is respecting honor and prestige of Muslims and avoiding inspection in ideas and interfering in others’ lives. Interference and seeking information in people’s personal lives is not allowed and no one is allowed to reveal the secrets; In fact, searching is a factor in discovering secrets and mysteries and possibly the hidden faults of people and Islam never allows individuals' private secrets to be revealed. Therefore, the present study according to twelfth Verse of Al-Hujurat Surah, studies the causes of spying and interference such as lack of piety, jealousy and enmity from verses and states that if not left, this is a moral vice having adverse consequences, including exposing personal life and creating hatred among people and the method is descriptive – analytical. Finally, referring to the treatment strategy of this moral disease the article states that following the instructions of Qur'an in choosing the correct method of education can achieve peace and safety in people’s personal lives.

The miracle of Holy Quran, its charm, eloquence, rhetoric and its uniqueness have caused poets to turn to Quran to deepen and enrich their poems. The greatest poets have enjoyed this Divine book in various ways, which makes the poems eternal. In the meantime, Mirza Seyyed Razi Mostofi pen – named to Boland Iqbal is one of the anonymous contemporary religious poets who has been able to create an eternal work in a beautiful form of poetry selecting bests from Holy Quran. In this article, with a descriptive – analytical method, the effectiveness of Iqbal's poetries is studied in which in some cases a term or part of a Verse have been adapted directly and, in some cases he has implicitly referred to the verses of Qur'an, and in some cases have turned to the translation. Findings show that the manifestation of Qur'an in the poet's Diwan in various forms indicates the poet's mastery of Qur'an and less pages can be found in his poetry in which the word of revelation does not appear.

The period in which Najm al-Din Razi lived is the period in which Persian literature was at its peak in terms of being influenced by Qur'an and Arabic hadith and literature. Undoubtedly, "Mirṣād al-ʻibād " and other immortal works of Sheikh Najm al-Din Razi, - prominent mystic of the seventh century – should be considered as the manifestation of Islamic mysticism and Arabic literature in Persian poetry. Najm al-Din Razi was very interested in the rich reservoirs of Qur'an and Hadith; he applied hadiths narrated from Holy Prophet (Mohammad) and Imams in order to express his intentions. In addition to outlining his mystical learnings, he occasionally composed poems and placed them in the margins of subjects.  Studying such poems shows that although these poems are moderate in terms of aesthetics, but the manifestation of Qur'an and hadith is evident in it. He was strongly influenced by Holy Quran and benefited greatly from the treasure of prophetic hadiths.

Marriage – as a divine tradition in the world – would lead to the perfection and growth of both men and women, and women play a pivotal role in accomplishing the effects of marriage as the pole of this sacred issue. However, there are moral obstacles in the way of marriage that women are experiencing especially in the present era; these harms would prevent the formation of the necessary conditions for marriage. These barriers are sometimes rooted in women's thoughts and sometimes in their actions and families have more or less foment them with their behaviors. This research seeks to explain these moral barriers with a descriptive – analytical method and the author has finally concluded that women's marriage has various obstacles, the most important of which are moral ones and declining them may cause delays and effects in girls' marriage and as a result, increase the age of marriage and social problems.

The term “wisdom” is of a remarkable background in intellectual and narrative tradition and owns three important features:  One is the divine which God grants to whomever He wills, the second is the existential cognition that transforms the human being and leads him to deep existential changes and becomes the source of goodness, the third is the wisdom that leads to action that not only does it transform thought but it also transforms human biology in the realm of action. Wisdom has been interpreted as understanding, intellect, prophecy, tradition, Quran’s interpretation etc. from Shiite and Sunnite commentators’ viewpoint; but according to the authors (of the present article) the best example in the Islamic intellectual tradition has been Islamic philosophy. Therefore, in Shiite and Sunnite interpretations by "wisdom" we mean awareness of the interests and corruptions of objects, actions, ethics and beliefs, whether they are worldly or otherworldly. Wisdom also sometimes has a "scientific" aspect which is interpreted as "higher knowledge", sometimes owns practical aspect which is interpreted as "morality and righteous action".

Since human set foot on the universe, he has tried to know and lead animals; but the cognition of animals becomes more accurate when it comes to knowing their moral qualities, because by knowing these qualities, man can control animals in order to use them properly. Animal morality is very influential in human life because animals live in a common environment with humans and in addition to benefiting more and more from animals it leads to a peaceful life with animals. thus and because of the importance of the mentioned issue, the authors of the present article intend to study it by citing Quran and narrations with a descriptive – analytical method. The results of the research indicate that each animal has unique moral characteristics that are very effective in recognizing the animals in a way that neither they are being hurt nor harms they harm.

The distortion issue in Qur'an has been highly paid attention by Islamic intellectuals and scholars especially Shiite elders and has always been debated since the early centuries of Islam; many books on the mentioned subject have been written. Hashwiyah in Sunnite and Ghulāt in Shiite, and a few Akhbaris (such as Sayyid Nematullah Jazayeri and Muhaddith Nouri) have considered Qur'an to be distorted (distorted into shortcomings). But the majority of Shiite and Sunni scholars believe in infallability of Qur'an. Professor Ayatollah Javadi Amoli has dealt with this issue with a revelatory rational viewpoint and studies the mentioned subject with a deep, effective and stunning expression which the present paper surveys it by applying comparative – analytical librarian method.