مجله تحقیقات اقتصاد کشاورزی
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1399)

Market power is defined as the ability of an actor to achieve higher economic profits than normal due to factors such as barriers to entry, market efficiency issues, patent and patent advantages. In 1395, share of agricultural products in non-oil exports was 13.5 percent, of which the share of dates export was 4 percent. Considering the importance of this industry in country and the issues that have been addressed in the marketing and marketing of dates in Khuzestan, which is the main hub for the export of palm products, this paper seeks to measure market power in this industry due to price uncertainty. required data were collected during the period 1380 to 1395 through the Agricultural Jihad Organization and Statistics Center of Iran. In order to study dates market power and marketing margin in Khuzestan province, the theoretical framework of O'Donnell is used. Long-term and short-term relationships are also achieved using the ARDL and Error Correction Models. The results show that price determination behavior in farm and retail markets in this province is imperfect competition.

Air pollution is one of the dimensions of environmental pollution. Arak is the industrial hub in the country. The purpose of this study is to estimate the value of improvement of air quality in Arak metropolitan area. In the present study, conditional valuation method has been used for the value of clean air and the cost of installing a municipal air purifier. Distribution of 547 questionnaires by simple random sampling has been completed in spring and summer of 1396 in Arak city and the Logit model has been used. The willingness to pay each person to improve the air quality was 190969 Rials per month and was estimated to be 126950 Rials per month for installing an air purifier. The total value of Arak for improving the air in this region is 150,829 million Rials per year, and the total value of Arak for the installation of urban air purification plant is 1002888 million Rials per year. according to this, investments from policy makers in order to improve the air quality looks necessary.

In the present study, using a non-radial Multi-directional Efficiency Analysis (MEA) approach, the productivity changes in potato production were investigated in East Azerbaijan province. The information was collected from published data by the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad included the 16 major potato producing provinces. The results showed the inputs productivity in East Azerbaijan province decreased significantly in all inputs in the 2011-2012 crop year compared to the 2010-2011 crop year. Regarding to efficiency change and technical change, the best situation was for potash fertilizer and seed, respectively. DEA results also confirmed the MEA outputs, so that DEA also showed a negative change in total factor productivity by 86.3% in potato cultivation in the East Azerbaijan province. According to the research findings, with the continuation of the observed trend over the coming years, potato cultivation in the East Azerbaijan province is at risk and it is necessary, simultaneously with management efforts, the changes in the productivity of productive inputs are being measured.

Tariff policy along agricultural products supply chain has been always a challenge of policymakers of this sector. In this study, different policy formulations of tariff rate on raw material in upstream chains and processed products in downstream chains were investigated. Due to market integration along the chain, a multi-market partial equilibrium model was employed to simulate the scenarios. Our findings show that with 20 percent (40 percent) increases in oilseeds import tariff, the production increases by 169 percent (189 percent) and the import of raw oil decrease by 89 percent (99 percent). Nevertheless, increases in vegetable oil tariff by 20 percent (40 percent) will reduce consumer surpluses by 32 percent (56 percent). Moreover, vegetable oil tariff has avoidable impacts on downstream chains including oilseed and raw oil. According to the study results, it is recommended that cross-cutting impacts of these policies on vegetable oil chain should be considered in order to improve effectiveness and efficiency of market policies.

This study was Comparison and investigated the impact of the Triple dimensions (Economic, Social and Political) of Globalization indicators on Environmental degradation in Iran for the period 1981-2015 and in the framework of Johansen -Juselius co integration model (VECM).For this purpose, KOF index has been used as a global variable. The results showed that from Triple dimensions of Globalization indicators, the economic and political dimensions of globalization increases Environmental degradation but the social dimension of globalization, due to increased awareness of the people about the danger of environmental degradation in Iran during the period under review. It is suggested that the policy makers, In order to benefit from the achievements of the globalization process, through the establishment of the necessary institutions and capacities, policy makers will provide the conditions for the development of clean technologies, the creation of comparative advantage in the clean industries and the limitation of highly polluting industries to minimize the negative consequences of global competition on environmental sustainability

In this research, we evaluate the supportive policies of the producer, pistachio consumer product. For this purpose, (PSE) and consumer support estimates (CSE) were used to estimate the amount of support for the pistachio production and consumption sector during the years 1989 to 2014. The results of the support of the producers showed that the highest amount of support from pistachio producers to the fixed price of 1997 during the implementation of the third plan of economic development, amounting to 58282869.6 Rials per hectare, and the lowest amount of support from producers related to the first economic development program, amounting to -3180782 Rials per hectare was obtained. The results support the consumers of this product show that the highest average consumer protection rate for the fixed price of 1993 was numerical value of 2315.5 Rials and the lowest numerical value is 86.1 Rials per year in 2000. Based on the results obtained in this study, it is suggested that better policies, such as cheaper facilities, cheaper alternative fuels, and lower farm inputs, will be replaced.

One the most important goals of any business are to achieve customer satisfaction. The effect of internal and external features of Kurdish strawberries on customer satisfaction was studied. A simple random sample of 400 customers was selected, and analyzed using ordered logit model. Findings indicate that except education and occupation which have had negative effect on the satisfaction of consumers, the effect of other variables were positive and significant. The marginal effect of quality, taste and the superiority of Kurdish variety, price and smaller packaging and brand in the third category (that is high level of satisfaction) of customers satisfaction were 0.031, 0.192, 0/090, 0.072, 0.039 and 0.112 respectively. In other words, an increase in the level of independent variables increases the likelihood of being at higher level of customer satisfaction. Therefore, it is recommended that variety, price, place of production and health information of products to be recorded on their labels Also, with better packaging, naming and improving quality, the price could be increased as the price increase for consumers would not be unreasonable.

Environment and economics were introduced by the Environmental Kuznets' Curve (EKC). In recent years, the effect of financial and institutional development has been added to the literature as an influential variable on environmental pollution. The current study explored the effect of economic development, financial development and institutional quality on environmental destruction in high-income, upper-middle income, lower-middle income and low-income countries during the time period of 2002-2015. The results of SUR estimation showed that policymakers in Iran, must improve the financial system in addition to consider environmental impacts. On the other hand, the improvement of institutional development indicators should be taken into consideration by policymaker.

Desertification refers to the process of degradation of fragile and unsustainable ecosystems, which, due to the change in use or pressure on the land, is spreading through human intervention and ultimately leads to a reduction in biological production. In some parts of the world, with the expansion of deserts, food production is reduced and water resources are dried, as a result, populations move to other areas. Due to the limited capacity of cities to provide facilities and services, these migrations will have serious socio-economic problems. In this study, the long-run and short-run relationship between desertification variables, GDP, agricultural area, forest area, average annual precipitation, investments made to deal with desertification in the form of Kuznets environmental hypothesis and using ARDL PANEL Distribution determining model for agricultural province with Iranian destructs (Tehran, Khorasan, Kerman, Yazd, Isfahan, Sistan and Baluchestan And Semnan) have been investigated. The results showed that the inverse U-shape of the Kuznets environmental hypothesis in the studied provinces was confirmed in the long run.

this study with completing 255 questionnaires from consumers, manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers of citrus in Mazandaran province in year 1394 and using marketing characteristics, examined The market situation of varying degrees of citrus in the Mazandaran Province in two time periods of harvest and post-harvest season. The results of this study showed that the producer’s share of the final price of products in the market in harvest on average is 42.7 percent. While do not be high marketing costs by intermediaries, wholesalers and retailers in the market. But In the event that producer storage their product and sell in post-harvest to shares 41.6 percent and if that sell their product in harvest and without storage, will be 29.3 percent of the post-harvest season price. The results also showed that the final profit of producer for per kilogram of citrus to better grades is more and given the producer obtains more profit with grading production, It is recommended that producers alongside Storage their citrus, grade product pre-sale to reaches the profit of grading to them.

In this study, average price of kilograms of live broiler, chicken meat in wholesale and retail levels and marketing margins in Fars province compared to other provinces and market structure for live broiler producers and chicken meat in the wholesale level were evaluated and analyzed. For comparing prices and marketing margins paired t-test, and for evaluating market structure the concentration ratio, Herfindahl - Hirschman, inverse the number of firms, Hall - Tideman and Linda indices were used. The studied period is from April 2011 to December 2015. Results show that the average daily price of kilograms of live broiler in the Fars province is lower than most provinces, while the average daily price of kilograms of wholesale and retail chicken meat and average wholesale margin is more than most provinces and these differences is statistically significant. The market structure of producers for selling live broiler in the Fars province is perfectly competitive. Market structure of chicken meat in the wholesale level based on the concentration ratio and Herfindahl-Hirschman indices are respectively oligopoly and monopolistic competition.

Since the agricultural sector of Kerman province, especially in the field of native activities and legacy jobs, is of great importance in the province's economy, the capacity of Beekeeping production and employment has been studied. Using IO schedule and linear programming as a research method showed that there is a possibility to increase production and employment. Thus, production of 104,402 million rials of this activity in honey, in a five-year horizon, up to 15.9 percent, the employment rate of marginal demand components in urban and rural consumption to 15.6 percent, private consumption 15.2 percent, investment16 percent, government consumption 13.1 percent, and end exports 16 percent could grow. Also, due to the limitations of marginal expenditures of economic sectors, the province's value added as a function of the target reached an optimal 2 percent growth, the higher capacity of production and employment in the program was justified by shadow prices. Therefore, policy-making, attention and investment in honey production will bring significant economic and social benefits.