نشریه پلاسما و نشانگرهای زیستی
سال سیزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 50، بهار 1399)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of eight weeks of aerobic exercise and chlorella supplementation on renal antioxidants in diabetic rats.

50 male adult wistar rats were randomized into healthy control, diabetic control, training, supplement (chlorella) and training-supplementation(synergistic intervention) groups and the diabetes induced using intraperitoneal injection of sterptozocin (STZ). Throughout the intervention period, chlorella extract was consumed daily with the dosage equal to 5% of body weight prior to the morning meal for eight weeks and the training was included on treadmill running for 5 days/week (on a smart automated animal device). The data were compared using two way factorial and one way ANOVA.

In all groups the higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities as well as lower body weight compared to healthy controls were remarkable following to intervention period (P<0.05), however; all three interventions diminished the diabetes induced increases in the activity of these enzymes as well as body weight reductions (P<0.05). Furthermore, while there were no between group differences in the effects from training, chlorella supplementation or synergistic intervention upon SOD activity, however; the synergistic effect was better than both them to diminish diabetes induced changes in CAT activity and/or body weight. there is no significant differences were observed in plasma glucose level in between the training and synergistic intervention groups with healthy controls, while a significant difference were demonstrated for these two groups compared to chlorella group (P<0.05).

These elevated enzymes activities could probably attributable to the amelioration of the oxidative stress by the organism in the kidneys and the higher lipid peroxidation and hazardous effect from diabetes on kidneys. However; because of the lack of similar evidences and some methodological limitations in this study, more research remains to be done in this area.

Medicinal plants can replace medicines to protect health and increase fish growth in the aquaculture industry. The use of proper diets is one of the most important biological components for fish growth and health. In the current study Effect of different levels of hydroalcoholic extract of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) on Growth Indices and survival rate in male and female of zebrafish (Danio rerio) Was examined.

600 pieces zebrafish with average weight of 0.15±0.01 gr In 4 treatments and 3 replications (for each sex of fish) With basic diets with hydroalcoholic extract of fennel With levels 0, 75, 100 and 150 mg/kg of diet for fed 3 times daily During 2/5 months.

The results showed that hydroalcoholic extract of fennel significantly increased the final weight gain, body weight gain, body weight gain percentage, Feed Efficiency, Condition Factor, daily growth index, Special growth rate, survival rate and reduced feed conversion rate And eaten daily In both sexes, zebrafish followed a dose-dependent process (P<0/05).

The diet containing 150 mg / kg hydroalcoholic extract of fennel is a more favorable diet for achieving optimum growth indices in zebrafish.

Background Infertile men have higher levels of semen reactive oxygen species (ROS) than fertile men. High levels of semen ROS can cause sperm dysfunction, sperm DNA damage and reduced male reproductive potential. This study investigated the effects of supplementation with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) on sperm parameters; chromatin integrity and level of stress oxidative (ROS) in infertile men.Methods The study was carried out in the unit of ACECR Infertility Research Center, Qom, Iran. The patients consisted of 50 infertile men with asthenoteratozoospermia who received NAC (600 mg/d) orally for 3 months, after which they were compared with pre-treatment status. Sperm parameters according WHO (World Health Organization) guidelines, protamine deficiency (chromomycin A3 staining), sperm DNA damage (TUNEL assay), percentage and intensity of ROS (DCFH-DA staining) were assessed in infertile men.Results After NAC treatment, patients' sperm parameters improved (P

The Gammarus has been widely distributed in different part of Iran and being as a source of food for aquatic animals. There are reports regarding to ecological factors about fresh-water Gammarus in Iran. But there is very limited reports about fresh-water Gammarus in Lakanshahr altitudes. Hence, the aim of this survey was to find out the effect of abiotic factors on Gammarus population in Lakanshahr height during spring season.  

The samples were collected by means of Quadrat instrument from 10 station and measured for concentration of Gammarus. The abiotic parameters were; temperature, PH, Do2, Turbitidy and TDS.

With increasing temperature and decreasing turbidity in the month of June, the Gammarus population has been increased significantly (p˂0.05). The water parameters such as Do2 and PH has not shown significant differences in the months of spring (p<0.05); however, TDS has been decreased in the month of May and June. There is a significant correlation between temperature and Gammarus population (R2=0.948); but there is least correlation between Do2 and PH with Gammarus population (R2= 0.686) during months of spring. In addition to the nutrients of the decomposing leaf in the stream of lakanshahr in month of May and June has been increased the Gammarus population.

The result of this survey indicated that the most effective water parameters in Gammarus population are temperature and turbidity.

Green tea (Camellia sinensis) was considered effective medicine for treating different ailments in ancient Asian folk medicine. It is known for its abundance of antioxidants. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrinological disorder in reproductive-age women and is often associated with metabolic syndrome. The purpose of the study, the effect of green tea extract on letrozole-induced oxidative stress was investigated on levels of sex hormones of adult female Wistar rats.

In this study, a total of 48 female rats were randomly divided into 8 groups of 6: The normal control group (intact), the healthy experimental group (green tea extract 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg bw, gavage), PCOS control group (letrozole 1 mg/kg bw, gavage), PCOS experimental group (green tea extract 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg bw together letrozole). The animals were euthanized 24 h after the last dose of the treatment on day 29. Blood was immediately obtained after the animals were sacrificed. The serum was used to assay the levels of testosterone, estradiol, FSH and LH.

Our results showed that administration of letrozole significantly increased the levels of testosterone, estradiol, LH and decreased FSH. The results study showed that green tea extract treatment significantly decreased the levels of testosterone, estradiol, LH and increased FSH in PCOS experimental group.

These results provide data supporting the potential clinical use of green tea extract for the treatment of PCOS.

The supplementation of selenium in animal nutrition is useful after a decline in performance due to selenium deficiency of diet. As nutritional technologies progress, new Selenium supplements such as nano selenium are available, which requires research and comparison with previous products. Thus, the aim of this study was the evaluation of selenium sources effect on performance, blood metabolites and immune response in Holstein and Holstein- Mont Bilyard Hybrid calves.

24 sucking Holstein and Holstein-Mont Bilyard calves with mean body weight of 43±1 kg were divided in a completely randomized design for 75 days. The experimental treatments included: 1- basal diet without supplementation of selenium for Holstein-Mont Bilyard calves, 2- basal diet without supplementation of selenium for Holstein calves, 3- basal diet+0.3 mg/kgDM supplementation of nano-selenium for Holstein-Mont Bilyard calves, 4- basal diet+0.3 mg supplementation of nano-selenium for Holstein calves, 5 - Basal diet + 0.3 mg/kgDM Sodium selenite for Holstein- Mont Bilyard calves, 6- basal diet + 0.3 mg/kgDM sodium selenite for Holstein calves. The daily feed intake of calves and body weight gain and the concentrations of metabolites such as glucose, urea, triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity and the percent of lymphocyte, neutrophil and monocyte of blood samples were determined.

There was no significant effect on performance and also on blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea and immune response in calves. But blood total protein and glutathione peroxidase activity increased in calves. In general, the source of supplements was not effective in the level of glutathione peroxidase activity of treatments.

There was no significant effect on performance and blood parameters of Holstein and Holstein-Mont Bilyard calves.

In recent years, several studies have been conducted on the properties of medicinal plants. One of the native plants of Iran, which has been highly regarded by researchers, is called wild pistachia. Recent internal studies have shown that the leaf extract of this plant can lower blood sugar in diabetic mice. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the extract of this fruit on testicular tissue.

Male Wistar rats of approximately equal weight were purchased and housed in the University Animal Room. Animals were divided into 5 groups of 5 in 3 experimental groups, one control group and witness group. Experimental groups received Pistacia atlantica extract at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg orally and the control group did not receive anything during the experiment.

In the control and control group of sperm-producing tubes with high density, short and very regular distance was seen in testicular tissue and no significant difference was observed. While in the experimental group receiving a dose of 400 mg / kg, the number of sperm tubes was reduced. The amount of testosterone in the 400 mg / kg group was lower than in other groups except control.

The results of this study showed that hydroalcoholic extract of Pistacia atlanticaf in mice reduces testosterone levels and loss of normal state in testicular tissue of these mice.

Buffalo is an economic animal in Livestock areas. Buffalo has two types: swamp buffalo and river buffalo. The tympanic membrane or ear drum  is a thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear. There is no histological and histochemical research performed on this organ in buffalo.

For this study 8 heads of  male and female buffalo were purchased from slaughterhouse and their tympanic membrane were studied histomorphometry , histological  and histochemically with H&E, Verhoff, PAS and MTC staining.

The result showed Tympanic membrane had three layers of Epithelial layer, connective tissue and mucosal layer. In Epithelial layer Epithelium was stratified squamous and in  mucosal layer epithelium  was simple squamous. Connective tissue wasvery thick and its collagen fibers types was arranged in radial and circular manner. The most types of connective cells were fibroblast. Collagen and elastic fibers were in both parts of tympanic membrane, but pars flaccida of tympanic membrane had more elastic fibers and in contrast it’s pars tensa of tympanic membrane had more collagen fibers. The highest density of collagen fiber observed in left tympanic membrane of female buffalo and lowest density of collagen fiber was in left tympanic membrane of male buffalo.

Overalls result showed tympanic membrane in buffalo had Similarities and differences with  ruminants and other animals.