مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم
سال چهاردهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 99، تیر 1399)

Irritable Bowel Syndrome is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases that involve a considerable part of society. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of self-compassion training on symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pre- and post-test design with control and experiment groups. The study population included high school female students in Khosrowshahr, East Azerbaijan, Iran. The sample consisted of 30 students who achieved the highest score in the screening test for Irritable Bowel Syndrome. They were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned into experimental (n=15) and control groups (n=15). Data were collected using the Irritable Bowel Syndrome Questionnaire and analyzed through univariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that self-compassion training significantly reduced the symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (P<0.05).

Applying self-compassion training improves the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in individuals.

Changes in the expression of pre-inflammatory cytokines play a peculiar role in the acceleration of brain aging. The consumption of some traditional herbs with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties(such as rosemary) and regular aerobic exercise are effective factors in the control of premature aging. The present study aimed to assess the effects of aerobic exercise and consumption of rosemary extract on Tumor necrosis factor-alpha  (TNF-α) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels in the cerebellum tissue of old male rats.

A total of 40 male Wistar rats (18 months) weighing about 350–450 g were selected. They were randomly assigned to five groups: control, sham (treadmill off and distilled water gavage), practice (12 weeks, 5 days a week), supplement or extract (12 weeks of daily 100 mg/ kg gavage rosemary extract), and practice-supplement(extract). To evaluate the level of cytokines, the cerebellum tissue was quickly removed 24 h after the last practice session according to ethical principles. After homogenization, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA technique). Data statistical analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests.

As evidenced by the obtained results, a significant increase was observed in IL-6 level in the exercise and extract groups, compared to the sham and control groups (P< 0.05), as well as in the extract-practice group, compared to controls (P<0.01), and sham (P<0.001). On the other hand, TNF-α level was decreased in the treated groups, in comparison to the sham and control groups; however, this decrease was not significant.

Based on the results, aerobic exercise training along with rosemary extract consumption can be effective in the production and balance of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the cerebellum tissue of aging rats.

Today, the main basis of diagnosis and treatment in medicine is the obtained evidence from the research. One of the movements that have attempted to establish this basis is evidence-based medicine (EBM). The present review dealt with the philosophical assessment of this subject.

In this study, EBM-related data from books and articles were reviewed. 

According to the obtained results of this study, the advocates of EBM have two assumptions. The first one is that medicine as practiced today is not scientific and should become scientific using evidence. The second assumption is that clinical decision-making should be based on the data derived from clinical trials the most reliable of which are systematic reviews.

The results of similar EBM-related studies usually lead to the development of guidelines for medical practice. Therefore, the assessments and challenges of EBM should be considered, even if it has been the only way to date.

The rational prescription of the drug and consideration of its principles affect the treatment outcome. Regarding this, the purpose of this study was to evaluate prescriptions to check if they follow the given principles and investigate the prescribed medications by dentists.

This descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional, and retrospective study was conducted on 238 prescriptions administered by general dentists in Qom, Iran, during the second semester of 2018-2019 academic year in the form of social security and medical services insurance in the RUD Committee of Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom. The data evaluated in this study included patient age and gender, prescribed medications and their forms, medication category, route of administration, and prescription errors.

Oral, injectable, and topical drugs were prescribed at the frequencies of 97.5%, 34.5%, and 5%, respectively. Furthermore, antibiotics, painkillers, corticosteroids, mouthwash, and other medications were prescribed in 97.6%, 85.7%, 8.4%, 3.8%, and 2% of the prescriptions, respectively. With regard to the prescription problems, 40.3%, 4.2%, 39.5%, 14.3%, 16.4%, and 57.1% of the prescriptions had no drug dose, wrong drug dose, no drug consumption order, wrong drug consumption order, wrong form of medication, and incomplete drug name, respectively. Furthermore, 3.4% of the prescriptions had misspellings, 5.5% of them were eligible. However, none of the prescriptions had problems related to drug interaction or the lack of seal, signature, and date.

In the present study, the error rate of writing prescriptions and administration of antibiotics and analgesics was higher than the figure recommended by the World Health Organization.

Most of the phenomena observed during brain ischemia and reperfusion are associated with damage to the membrane structure. Oxidative stress results in an imbalance between high oxygen consumption and low levels of endogenous antioxidants. It is known that 1,8-cineole is a strong antioxidant. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of 1,8-cineole on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced brain injury in rats.

Wistar adult male rats weighing 250-300 g were divided into five groups of control, normal saline-treated I/R, 5-mg/kg 1,8-cineole-treated I/R, 10-mg/kg 1,8-cineole-treated I/R, and 20-mg/kg 1,8-cineole-treated I/R. The 1,8-cineole was administered through intraperitoneal injection. The cerebral hypoperfusion injury was induced in the adult male rats by occluding the bilateral common carotid arteries for 30 min, followed by 5 days of reperfusion. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's multiple comparison test at a p-value of < 0.05.

The results revealed that the administration of 1,8-cineole significantly increased passive avoidance memory (P<0.05).

Our findings demonstrated the beneficial effects of 1,8-cineole on behavioral impairments after I/R-induced brain injury.

Psychodrama intervention is a roleplaying technique encouraging individuals to express, modulate, and control their emotions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of psychodrama on cognitive regulation of positive and negative emotions in people with panic disorder in Yazd, Iran.

This semi-experimental study was conducted using a preand post-design test with a control group. The study population consisted of all individuals with panic disorder referring to Yazd counseling and psychological centers in 2019. The sample consisted of 30 individuals who were selected through the available sampling method and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The pre-test was taken, and the participants completed the Granfski Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Moreover, the experimental group received ten 45-min psychotherapy sessions. After the intervention, both groups were re-tested using the mentioned questionnaire. The data were analyzed using ANCOVA.

The results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of the positive cognitive emotion regulation (P=0.03) and negative cognitive emotion regulation (P=0.02). Moreover, the mean post-test score revealed that the experimental group outperformed the control group.

It can be concluded that psychodrama intervention can be effective in cognitive regulation of positive and negative emotions in individuals with panic disorder.

Nutrition is the first and most important factor facilitating mother-child interaction. Maternal nutritional knowledge, attitude, and practice are effective in many stages of child growth and development. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the mothers of 12 to 36-month-old infants regarding child nutrition and its related factors using self-report method, in Qom, Iran.

This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 120 mothers with 12 to 36-month-old infants. For sampling, out of 28 health care centers located in Qom, 3 centers from the lower-, middle-, and upper-class areas were selected by the simple random sampling method. Subsequently, a total of 120 mothers were selected from these centers. The data related to the maternal knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding child nutrition were collected using a self-report questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS statistical software using t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation.

With respect to the infantile gender, 55% of the infants were female. Based on the results, 68.3%, 58.3%, and 40% of the mothers had good knowledge, attitude, and practice with regard to nutrition. Furthermore, maternal nutritional knowledge (P=0.018) and practice (P=0.015) showed a significant relationship with their education level. However, there was no significant relationship between maternal nutritional knowledge, attitude, and practice and their occupation, infantile gender, history of previous referral of the infant, number of children in the family, and infant's birth order (P>0.05).

Based on the findings, maternal nutritional knowledge, attitude, and practice were not at a good level. Therefore, it is required to improve maternal nutritional knowledge, practice, and attitude.

Scorpion’s sting has created one of the most significant health and medical issues in Iran. Lack of sufficient knowledge of the fauna and the seasonal activity of scorpions in an area poses a serious challenge to the control programs. Each year, several cases of scorpion sting are reported in Qaenat county. In this regard, the present study aimed to identify and determine the fauna and scorpions of this region.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on the scorpions that were caught using Ultra-Violet (UV) light, pitfall traps, and hand-catching methods every month in Qaenat City in South Khorasan Province in Iran during 2017. After their capture, the scorpions were stored in plastic containers of glycerin and 70% ethanol and were identified using a valid morphological key.

A total of 912 scorpion specimens from the buthidae family were collected, including six species of Mesobuthus eupeus, Androctonus crassicauda, Orthochirus scrobiculosus, Compsobuthus matthiesseni, Mesobuthus caucasicus, and Odontobuthus doriae. M. eupeus and O. doriae had the highest (60.96%) and lowest (0.88%) frequencies, respectively. Moreover, most of the scorpions were collected in December in rural areas, while the least number of them were collected in May.

Due to the diversity of scorpion species in the studies region, it is essential to educate and raise the awareness of individuals living in this region about methods of preventing scorpion stings.