مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال سی و یکم شماره 4 (تیر 1399)

Drugs are highly active due to their many functional groups and can be easily destroyed by stomach acid and excreted before reaching target tissue. Thus, by encapsulating, a sheath is placed around drug to reduce reactivity of the drug due to stereo electronic resonance with nanotube and consequently drug stays longer in body. As a result, you can consume a smaller dose of drug and reduce its side effects.

In this study, boron nitride nanotubes (n = 5, m = 5) with 11 angstroms length were used to compare effects of encapsulation anticancer drug 5-Fluoro-2-deoxyuridine(FUDR) with this nanotube. Using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and at theoretical level of M06-2X / 6-31G *, structure of drug, BNNT (5,5-11),  and Nano - Drug System were optimized.

Using the structures optimized, spatial parameters, HOMO-LUMO orbitals, graphs of density of states (DOS), Natural Bond Orbital (NBO), electronic properties, parameters of atoms in molecules (AIM ), and Molecular Electrostatic Potential(MEP) were discussed and results were analyzed.

The NBO and AIM results, absorption energy, and thermodynamic functions indicate that drug adsorption by nanotube process is desirable. Many drugs have low solubility in water and when placed in presence of a polarized substrate such as boron nitride nanotube, a high solubility drug complex is formed through hydrogen bonds with that substrate, which increases solubility of drug and reduces drug accumulation and toxicity in the body.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the changes in borderline personality structure at different time serials of treatment.

The present study is a quasi-experimental and single-subject (A/B) study. The sample of study was a 35-year-old man who was selected as a borderline personality disorder among the patients referred to Health Center through a preliminary clinical interview and performing Millon clinical multiaxial inventory -III (MCMI-III) by available sampling method. The interview with the Semi-Structured Interview of the Personality Organization (STIPO) was conducted in four stages including one pre-test and three post-tests after time series treatment. Single-Subject was studied for 11 months in a format of 51 sessions of transference focused psychotherapy.

The findings showed that the mean scores of personality structure (identity, dimensions of object relations, aggression, personality rigidity, deference mechanisms, and morality) in the first post-test were not significantly different from the pre-test; but there was a significant clinical difference in the mean scores of personality structure at the second and third post-tests compared to the pre-test.

Based on the results, this treatment has significant effect in improving the personality dimensions of borderline patients, especially in advanced stages of treatment.

Knowledge-based businesses active in the medical and health innovative eco-system play an important role in inhibiting the Covid-19 virus outbreak crisis. The current study deals with extracting and analyzing the key aspects of medical innovative eco-system and the role of innovative intermediaries in supporting the development of these businesses.

In terms of purpose, this study is developmental – applied, in terms of data collection, it is descriptive and survey and in terms of the origin of collected data, it is a mixed study (both quantitative and qualitative).The research tool for quantitative data collection was interview and qualitative data collection tool was a questionnaire created by the researchers themselves. In qualitative part, data-based method with the Glaserian approach (emergent and spontaneous) was used and in qualitative part structural equations and SMART-PLS3 software were used. The population of this study was faculty members of university of medical science (as experts) and CEOs and personnel of knowledge-based and technology-based companies that are active in medical innovative eco-system of Western Azerbaijan province, from which a sample of 162 subjects was chosen on the basis of Cochran formula.

Significance level and path coefficients of the structural model obtained from the analysis, approves the impact of ecosystem variables and developing knowledge-based businesses in controlling the Covid-19 virus outbreak crisis.

Meanwhile, the research results emphasize the role of universities and innovative intermediaries of medical innovative eco-system, which shows that “cultural and social” and “scientific and technological” aspects have the maximum effect in the development of knowledge-based businesses and innovative actions in Covid-19 virus control.

PGC-1a is one of the most important regulators of cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis which plays a key role in lipid oxidation processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-intensity endurance training and high-intensity interval training on the expression of PGC-1a and heart tissue triglyceride content in rats with fatty liver (NAFLD).

This experimental study was performed on 40 male Wistar rats. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. The control group received low-intensity endurance training and intense interval training that consumed high fat diet for 16 weeks and then the two training groups participated in the exercise program for 8 weeks. Also, the sham group used standard food during this time. Finally, expression levels of PGC-1a and intracellular adipose tissue of the four groups were measured.

The results showed that expression of PGC-1a increased after endurance training and intense interval training in cardiac tissue of obese male rats. Also, both types of intense intermittent exercise and low-intensity endurance training significantly decreased the fat content of cardiac tissue (p<0/05).

The results showed that exercise training can increase the expression of PGC-1a and decrease the triglyceride content of the heart tissue in people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, indicating that exercise training can be a non-medicinal treatment for these people to use.

Angiogenesis plays an important role in physiological (fetal) and pathological conditions (some diseases such as cancer). Many researchers are interested in encapsulating anti-angiogenic compounds and using them to inhibit the process of angiogenesis in the fight against various diseases. This study evaluated the antiangiogenic properties of Carum Carvi essential oil  nanoemulsion using the CAM method.

In order to investigate the angiogenesis effects of Carum Carvi  nanoemulsion, on the 2nd day, a window was created on the eggs and on the 8th day, Carum Carvi  nanoemulsion with different doses (12.5, 25 and 50 µg/ml) were used and on the 12th day, the rate of angiogenesis was investigated. The stereomicroscope was used to take image of the treatment area, and vascular factors were examined with Image J software.

The angiogenic results in the CAM assay showed a decrease in the length and number of vessels in chorioallantoiec membranes in the treated samples compared to the untreated. The reduction in height and weight of the treated embryos compared to the untreated was also shown in this study (p <0.05).

The anti-angiogenic activity of Carum Carvi nanoemulsion implicates its possible application for diseases where inhibition of blood vessel formation is desired, so it can be recommended as a substance for further studies about cancer.

The structural and functional adaptations of the heart muscle to various stresses cause fundamental changes in this tissue, and also exercise training as a desirable stressor increases the hypertrophy and angiogenesis of heart tissue. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of moderate-intensity endurance training on the levels of cortisol, MEF-2C, and MMP-2 gene expression in Wistar male myocardium.

Twenty adult male rats, 10-weeks old, weighing 243±8.2 g were examined in this experimental study. Animals were divided into two groups of 10 per group: training and control. The animals underwent six weeks of moderate-intensity endurance training for five days a week on a treadmill. Blood samples were taken before the first session and 24 hours after the last training session and cardiac tissue were extracted for measurement of MEF-2C and MMP-2 gene expression after the last session. Covariance analysis was used to compare the differences between cortisol level changes and independent t-test with a significant level of p<0/05 was used to examine changes in gene expression of MEF-2C and MMP-2.

After six weeks of endurance training cortisol levels had no different change compared to pretest and control group with the significant level of (P=0.342) and (P=0.08), respectively. However, gene expression of both factors related to the angiogenesis of cardiac tissue MEF-2C and MMP-2 increased compared to the control group (p=0.016 and p=0.021, respectively).

It can be concluded that moderate-intensity endurance training has a positive effect on hypertrophy, and angiogenesis of rats' heart tissue and it seems that endurance training can be effective in preventing cardiovascular disease and it can cause beneficial structural adaptations for individuals.

DMSO is a compound that is widely used to dissolve and deliver many water-insoluble compounds and has various biological effects on the central nervous system. So the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dimethyl sulfoxide on experimental epileptic-like activities induced by intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazole in adult male rats.

In this study, 20 adult male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were used in 4 groups. The control group (5 heads) received normal saline (200 µl) and the 3 groups (15 heads, 5 heads per subgroup) were treated with 10, 50 and 100% DMSO (200µl) intraperitoneally, respectively. After anesthesia with the combination of ketamine-xylazine (80+8 mg/kg) and surgery of the animal skull, the electrode was inserted into the skull layer in the CA1 hippocampal striatum layer and epileptic activities were induced by intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazol (80 mg/kg) and epileptic activity was measured and evaluated in terms of number of spikes per unit time and their amplitude by eTrace software.

The results of the present study showed that injectable dimethyl sulfoxide has a dose-dependent effect on pentylenetetrazol-induced epileptiform activity in the hippocampus, so that the concentration of 10% reduced the desired activity significantly (p<0.05) compared to the control group. So, it has protective effect against pentylenetetrazol-induced epileptiform activity. While concentration of 100% dimethylsulfoxide significantly (p<0.05) increased pentylenetetrazol-induced epileptiform activity compared tocontrol group and had proconvulsant effect in seizure activity. However, 50% concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide had no significant effect on the activity.

Low concentrations of dimethylsulfoxide are likely to be used as novel drug solvents for different models of epilepsy to deliver the drug to the central nervous system, however further investigation and testing are needed.

Kidney problems occur in the body due to many disorders such as diabetes mellitus or high blood pressure, and hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation can help patients. With increased patient survival, oral problems will result in a reduction of the quality of life and affect the health of the individual. In this study, the frequency of the different types of oral manifestation in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis referred to the Imam Reza hospital was compared with oral manifestation in healthy subjects referred to the specialized clinic of the Tabriz faculty of dentistry.

In this prospective cross-sectional study, the study population included patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis referred to the dialysis department of the Imam Reza hospital and healthy subjects referred to the specialized clinic of the Tabriz faculty of dentistry in 2019. Chi-square test or Fisher test were used to examine the relationship between oral manifestations in patients and healthy subjects. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17 software with a significant level of p <0.05.

The results demonstrated that the prevalence rate of many oral manifestations, including dry mouth, uremic smell, dental caries, geographic tongue, petechiae and ecchymosis, mass gathering and coated tongue was higher in patients with chronic renal failure (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis than healthy people.

According to the findings, the prevalence of most surveyed oral manifestations in hemodialysis patients was higher than healthy ones. We need a close collaboration between the patient, doctors, and dentists, so that we can improve the general and oral health status in patients with kidney disease.