فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی سیاستگذاری عمومی
پیاپی 34 (بهار 1399)

The proper understanding of the role of universities in innovation is one of the requirements for policy making. Without this understanding, policy actions can undermine the role of universities and neglecting the capacities and benefits of this institution in the development of innovation.The Promotion Regulations as one of the most important and most relevant policy documents related to the university in the country are required based on a proper understanding of the role of universities in innovation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the understanding and perspective of the Promotion Regulations about the role of universities in innovation. This research is a documentary research, and its methodology consist of two parts of the metha-synthesis and then a documentary analysis of the Promotion Regulations based on the theoretical framework developed in the first part. Research results show that universities have a small share of direct participation in innovation, but universities are generally indirectly involved in the development of innovation through a variety of channels. However, the promotion regulations relate only to a number of channels, including publication of the article and educational activities, and ignores the importance of other channels. To enhance the comprehensiveness and balance of the regulations to cover the more effective coverage of the universities' participation channels in the development of innovation, paying more attention to interactive channels and increasing the flexibility of the regulations are the policy suggestions derived from this research.

The purpose of this study was to identify of research malfunction in the Iranian higher education system using a qualitive content analysis method. Data were collected through deep and semi - structured interviews with 22 of top researchers, experts and research policy makers in 2018-2019 by a purposeful sampling method. The validity, portability, reliability, and verifiability of the data for the acceptability of the study were confirmed. Findings showed that the phenomenon of research malfunction in the Iranian higher education system in the pre-research phase in the form of "lobbying for project definition", "disregarding research needs assessment" and "disregarding the importance of the research beneficiaries", at the stage of doing research in form of "Lack of Intellectual and Intellectual Property ", "Insufficient Mastering in Student Research", "Methodological Inconsistency", "Reducing Problem Analysis", "Purchase and sale of article and theses", "Plagirarism", "Data-making, falsification and distortion of data", and later in the research process, "weaknesses in the applicability of research results "," judgment problems "and " overlap of publications and low quality of some journals" is falling.

More than 8 years have passed since the agreement and announcement of the document on the Fundamental Reform Document of Education system and concerns have been raised about delays in the implementation of the document. The main issue of this article is the future analysis of this document as the most important policy document of the country in the field of education. Therefore, the main question of the article is that according to the role-playing of the relevant actors, how the document would be implemented? The theory of this research is pluralistic policy-making and its approach is actor-centered, which was done with exploratory and expert-oriented methods. The data collection tool was two questionnaires (matrices) of research. The data analysis technique was MACTOR as a policy, research, and futures study software. The subjects consisted of 35 managers, experts, and policy makers in the field of education. The results showed that out of the 58 initial actors involved in the document, 14 are key actors, among whom there is no total agreement on the provisions, goals, and implementation of the document. In other words, there is not enough institutional cohesion among the key actors to execute the document. In addition, there is no general agreement between the actors and institutions about the goals or issues or the main axes of the Fundamental Reform of the Document. In other words, although the institutions do not oppose the contents of the document, they do not have the insistence and seriousness that is necessary for the implementation of this national document in the future. Therefore, it is predicted that in the future, the implementation of the document will face major challenges from institutions and actors, and the responsible institution (Supreme Education Council) is required to create a policy agreement and institutional compatibility to provide more agreement and coordination.

The steps that universities can take to promote and improve entrepreneurial activities and communication with industry is one of the important topics that has attracted a lot of attention. This study investigated selected universities in the world in the field of entrepreneurship, through a survey study to prioritize options to support entrepreneurship in Iranian universities based on the opinions of experts. Data collected by using information available on official sites and related documents. In the second part, the hierarchy analysis process was used. The findings showed that the supporting activities of universities were as follows: science-educational, cultural-incentive, material support, and spiritual support. Hierarchical analysis showed that in supportive activities of universities, the criterion of achieving upstream goals with a relative weight of 0.341 had higher priority than other criteria. Also, the material support was considered to be the best alternative with a relative weight of 0.284. Other alternative supports were as follows: science-educational, spiritual support, and cultural-incentive, respectively.

The National Innovation System as a systematic approach to innovation includes elements and communications that interact with each other to produce, disseminate and apply new and economically beneficial knowledge and operate within the borders of a country. The National Innovation System approach, which encompasses the various institutions and functions involved in the scientific and technological development of countries, is one of the most appropriate approaches to analyzing the state of science, technology and innovation and providing comprehensive policies and strategies to foster innovation in the country. The purpose of the present study is to extract the main features of the national innovation system of Iran that is used to achieve this by a systematic combination of research methods. The results show that weaknesses in policy making, monitoring and evaluation system from policy making to implementation, governance of national innovation system, facilitating and directing research and innovation activities, research and development, entrepreneurship, human resource development, technology diffusion Negative features of Iran's national innovation system were facilitating, directing, and financing research and development activities and gaps between actors in the national innovation system. And the positive features of Iran's national innovation system include quantitative development (academic development, human resource development, developmental and applied research, and young and talented researchers).

The purpose of the present research was to investigate the structural pathology of the non-profit higher education institutes of Mazandaran Province emphasizing their formality, centralization and complexity dimensions. The data in this qualitative and applied research have collected in a survey and field method. For this purpose nine individual including Founding Board, Board of trustees and other clear-sighteds in non-profit higher education were selected via purposeful available sampling method till theoretical saturation border and interviewed via a semi-structured interview method. Data extracted from interviews were coded and and analysed via content analysis method. Research validity was identified via comparing by interviewees and collegue revision. Reliability was also calculated via test reliability method ( fixed indicator). At the end, 263 variables were posed from interviewees. They were categorized into 3 main component of formality, centralization and complexity. Interviewees gave the most importance to the main component of regulations in different aspects under the formality component, privatization in Iran’s higher education under the centralization component with 50 repeats, in the complexity component, the most important was given to the influence of Founding board and the Board of Trustees in the affairs of these institutions with 29 repeats.

Energy consumption growth has recently increased significantly, especially in the residential sector of the country. In 2015, the residential sector consumption was 42% and 32/5% of the total country consumption of natural gas and electricity respectively. Considering the significant contribution of this sector to country’s energy consumption, the purpose of this research is designing a conceptual model for explaining consumer behavior of electricity and gas in the residential sector. This research used of Value focuses thinking as a qualitative research method. This research with the purpose in view are known as applied research, with the object in view is descriptive and analytic studies.Data gathering is done by documentary analysis, literature review and interviews with policy makers and Tehran's households. The factors affecting the reduction of residential energy consumption are presented at two categories of fundamental and means factors in two levels of consumer behavior and policy requirements for consumer behavior. The results showed that the reason for the increase in consumer consumption was caused by three factors of lack of understanding of the effects of excessive consumption, lack of awareness about effective energy management methods and lack of knowledge and access to equipment for reducing energy consumption and an optimal basket of different energies to reduce energy consumption. Also, policymakers have not been able to control the residential consumption due to inadequate understanding of science related to energy consumption reduction methods for residential sector, and the lack of facilitating the implementation of reasonable policies.

Clustering technology is an innovative approach to better environmental management and sustainable development. The aim of this study is to investigate clustering technology on sustainable development taking into account the mediating and moderating variables. The present research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-survey in terms of nature and method. To test the hypotheses, a 35-question questionnaire was used according to the 5-choice Likert scale. The statistical population of the study includes employees of more than 60 units of industrial clusters of Negarkhaton agricultural implements located in Famenin city in Hamadan province with 600 people. The sample size is 234 people, which is selected according to the relative class method based on Karajsi and Morgan table. Reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the validity of the structure using Lisrel software. In order to analyze the findings, the path analysis model was used and to analyze the mediating variable, Sobel test was used and for the moderator variable analysis, the modified multiple regression test method was used. The results showed that clusters and personality, behavioral, individual and organizational characteristics can have a positive and significant effect on environmental performance and sustainable development directly and indirectly. The results of the mediator and moderator variable showed that green human resource management, organizational commitment, environmentally friendly behavior and environmental performance play the role of mediator variable and green modernity play the role of moderator variable in the relationship between other variables.

Following the expansion of the population and the inaccurate growing use of limited resources, environmental damage and hazards have become more complex that requiring urgent consideration. Caspian, as the largest lake in the world, faces irreparable damage and dangers. Although over the past two decades, significant work has been carried out by international organizations and coastal states, but it has not yielded a satisfactory result. In this context, the research question is how can the Caspian Sea environmental hazards lead to regional integration? In response to this central question, our research hypothesis is that attempts to prevent and control Caspian environmental risks through leading to environmental convergence lead to regional integration. The purpose of this research is to emphasize on the key role of the community in struggle against Caspian environmental risks and to create integration in this field. In this regard, this research has been done within the framework of the new functionalism theory and through the use of a descriptive-analytical method. Findings of the research confirm that, in process of coping with the Caspian environmental risks, the environmental socialization, environmental convergency and then regional integration in Caspian field can be realized through environmental public diplomacy and using effective elements such as the media, national and international NGOs and educational institutions, religious institutions, governmental institutions and international organizations.

This paper explores the possibility of change in the future by changing the mind - set of its creators. For this purpose, the effect of stories on the attitude of children as one of the most important channels of content transfer (as one of the main creators of the future) has been studied. On this basis, considering the role of myth and metaphors in the formation of current society approaches, it can change attitude and vision in the next generation to have an alternative future. In this paper, using casual layered analysis method, the testing of two research hypotheses, different film versions of film and animation were analyzed by Walt Disney’s “Sleeping Beauty ", which was built for 55 years by the Disney company. It seems that in the new narrative, key concepts or schemas requiring change, such as xenophobia, democracy, respect for nature, the concept of true love, absolutism, and ethnic, racial and gender attitudes, are presented in a different way from the original narrative for children. The results of the research were evaluated in the first step in the focal group and then by using a questionnaire.The results show that the key shortcomings have undergone a change in the more modern version. The change that is based on the casual layered analysis method can lead to a different future formation.

The theory of Iranian state cinema illustrates how the government of the Islamic Republic is confronted with the cinema media, which the leaders of the revolution, from the outset emphasizing its importance, promised to "transform" it into Islamic rule and called for government oversight and intervention. With the establishment of the Farabi Cinema Foundation in 1984, this researcher's desire and, from that date, the cinema that the government wanted to produce and distribute, was shaped by the application of Farabi's cinema policies and the guidance and support of this foundation. In this study, we try to study the cinematic policymaking of Farabi Cinema Foundation, the type of cinema directed and sponsored by the foundation, as well as narratives of cinema policymakers and managers in the five post-revolutionary states, using historical institutionalism and narrative analysis in three parts. Identify and analyze the film production, its screening and the Fajr Film Festival.This study show that policymakers and directors of the Farabi Cinema Foundation have been thinking of producing Iranian films and creating national cinema since its establishment, but each with a distinct and different understanding of cinema media and the concept of national cinema and its audiences, has attempted policymaking and creating cinema. They have made a special system of film production in Iran. According to this study, Iranian cinema policymakers do not have the same understanding of what kind of cinema can serve the people and the revolution.

Outward privatization is the process by which the tasks and facilities of the public sector are transferred to the private sector at every level. The privatization policy as part of a policy of adjusting the economic structure since the early 1980s has been implemented by a few industrialized nations and has gradually spread to other countries. Compared to other countries, Iran is one of the latest implementers of privatization programs. The common goal of privatization in different countries with different conditions and characteristics, such as Iran, is almost nothing to improve the economic situation. One of the major industries in Iran that are fully owned and controlled by the state are radio and television. However, based on historical and scientific experiences in the world, the creation of monopolies and special and rent-seeking positions for real or legal persons in various economic, cultural, social and other fields often have negative consequences and significant damages to Following. Considering the above mentioned issues and their importance, the purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of establishing private audiovisual media in the national media and to assist in the implementation of the sovereignty goals of the country alongside the national media, as well as to investigate the necessity of private sector entry into this sector. It seeks to answer the question of what laws and laws have been put in place by the state and its institutions and what are the legal obstacles and solutions in this regard.

In this research, we have tried to citation analysis of all national studies and compare them with international studies, dimensions and areas of electronic governance which unfortunately, despite the great importance in the country has been neglected so far. It’s an applied research that uses descriptive-analytic surveyn with using citation analysis method. The statistical population of this study included 15 papers and 4 internal theses and 737 international papers from 6 databases for internal articles and scopus database for international articles. This research does not have a sampling model due to all articles are surveyed without time and research context limitation. Data gathering tool is library study and systematic search in databases and scopus's analyze results and implementation and analysis of data in excel software is in the form of descriptive statistics. The results of this study indicate that while the importance of electronic governance at the national level has led to the adoption and issuance of a bill titled electronic governance in the country but the quantity of internal researchs are very low and this amount of researchs is also quite scattered.