فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی سیاستگذاری عمومی
پیاپی 48 (پاییز 1402)

The water scarcity issue in Iran has transformed into a complex challenge, necessitating innovative solutions for its resolution. However, no solution, even with innovation, can be guaranteed as absolute. Hence, collaboration among institutions and stakeholders in prioritizing and devising effective solutions becomes a pathway to getting closer to addressing the issue. This research examines collaborative governance as a solution for the water problem in Iran. The main objective of this paper is to identify components and develop a comprehensive framework for collaborative water governance in Iran. From a framework development perspective, this research is considered foundational, but due to its practical problem-solving contributions, it also falls into the category of applied research. To achieve this goal, a descriptive research approach was employed, involving interviews with 18 water governance experts. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The subject scope of this study encompasses an examination of collaborative water governance from context to outcomes, with a temporal scope covering the literature on water governance in Iran over the past two decades. The main components identified include “context”, “drivers”, “principled engagement”, “shared motivations”, “capacity for joint action”, “tensions”, and “outputs”, with 32 sub-components extracted. Ultimately, this study indicates that collaborative governance must consider these components to facilitate the achievement of sustainable water resource goals through effective engagement and the cultivation of shared collaboration incentives.

Policy change is inherently a complex and multidimensional process, and for this reason, one of the usual ways to explain it is to use policy change theories. The purpose of this article is to review and analyze the process of approving the " Ocupational Licensing Facilitation " law by using the Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith's Advocacy Coalition Framework. In this study, a qualitative research strategy based on textual data collection and thematic content analysis was used, and qualitative content analysis was used for data analysis. The aforementioned law consists of several parts, this article explains the part that is related to the change of the issuing attorney's license policy. The current research explains that the policy change process can be explained by the emergence of different coalitions, their competition with each other and dynamic changes in it in order to coordinate with external changes. The current research explains that the policy change process can be explained by the emergence of different coalitions, their competition with each other and dynamic changes in it in order to coordinate with external changes. This article explains how learning and changing the approach of policymakers towards the policy of issuing attorney's license has strengthened the coalition of supporters and finally approved and promulgated the law.

Knowledge-based companies are a representative for innovative activities in the region, and its uneven distribution is considered one of the factors of the innovation gap between regions. This research examines the uneven development of knowledge-based companies in the provinces of the country,. In this regard, the functions that are necessary for the formation and growth of knowledge-based activities in the region, were focused on, and the background factors affecting the growth of knowledge-based companies that represent the identified functions was investigated with a quantitative approach. Some of these factors include the share of the province in the number of academic staff, the number of articles, the number of research and development workshops, etc. In the next stage, focusing on the concept of smart specialization, the specialization of the activities of knowledge-based companies was pursued, and based on the conceptual framework of the regional innovation system, the alignment of the actions of the actors of the two sub-systems of knowledge creation and knowledge utilization, as well as the government, was investigated. The data was collected through the library study of official statistics and documents and referring to the website of knowledge-based companies. Finally, based on the findings, suggestions such as defining the human resource exchange mechanism, creating inter-provincial networks, facilitating commercialization, etc. have been presented. For the specialization of knowledge-based activities based on the conditions of the region, targeted and directed support of knowledge-based companies and adjustment in the evaluation method of knowledge-based companies have been emphasized.

The government and supporting institutions usually plan and implement programs for the development of companies' exports, whose effectiveness is questioned and evaluated. In this research, we have evaluated the effectiveness of some export development programs of the country's knowledge-based companies in entering international markets and increasing their exports. This article seeks to investigate the effect of support on the transformation of non-exporter companies into exporters, as well as the effect of support on the increase of exports of companies with export experience. The approach of this research is practical and the statistics of the years 2014 to 2019 have been used, which has been analyzed by regression analysis method. The obtained results indicate that the support provided in the three areas of providing information services, facilitating activities and training and learning to knowledge-based companies without export experience has been effective in starting the export of these companies. But these supports have not had a significant effect on the increase in exports of companies that have export experience. The practical suggestion is the need to pay attention to the different needs of companies without export experience and experienced companies. This in itself is an emphasis on the necessity of clarifying the missions of export supporting institutions in order to provide a clear picture of two different goals of quantitatively increasing the number of companies with export experience and/or increasing the country's exports through increasing the exports of experienced companies and the amount of resource distribution based on this.

The Ministry of Science, Research and Technology and its subordinate actors, as one of the crucial sub-systems in the national innovation system, play a vital role in the structure, functions, and performance of the national innovation system. In this regard, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the functions and sub-functions of the Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology in the national innovation system. In terms of methodology, this research is mixed research that has benefited from thematic analysis in the qualitative part and importance-performance analysis in the quantitative part. In the qualitative part, the review of international documents, laws and regulations, and upstream documents and the analysis of data related to focus groups with different stakeholders led to the preparation of a list of 60 sub-functions under the 7 main functions of the Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology. Then, to achieve the priority sub-functions of the Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology, the importance-performance questionnaire was sent to universities, research institutes, and science and technology parks, and 33 completed questionnaires were collected. Based on the importance-performance analysis, 40 sub-functions were selected as priority sub-functions (low performance and high importance) of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. Identifying the priority sub-functions of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology can be a basis for a more accurate functional and performance analysis and formulation of policies and programs in order to strengthen the role of this Ministry in the national innovation system.

Migration is a phenomenon caused by socio-economic changes that affects the origin as well as the destination. Due to many social changes, especially in the last few decades, its rate and intensity have increased in the country. Since migration occurs in response to social and economic conditions in the society, any policies and changes in the origin and destination regions lead to significant changes in the field of migration. As a result, according to the current pattern of immigration in the country, where most of the out-migrant areas are border provinces, and its intensity and trend are increasing, it can be considered as a social problem and a solution should be sought for it. Therefore, this study, using studies related to migration of border areas and investigating its problems and causes, has investigated the widespread immigration of border areas and its challenges and solutions. Considering the impact of migration and population instability in border areas on political and national security, we need to formulate a set of laws and solutions to reduce migration and encourage the population to stay in the region. Considering factors such as local investments, border markets, creation of like-minded stations, etc. can be very useful.

Generally, the development process in Iran is unbalanced and unstable. The aim of the current research is to present a strategy and model of development based on the principles of land use planning, maritime orientation and coastal economy based on the ability and capacities of the coasts of Makran, which can have positive effects at the national level in addition to local and regional development. The main research question is what are the advantages of Makran region and how can its capacities be used for regional development and Iran? The results of the research show that Makran region have a very high capacity and ability for economic, industrial, service, urban and tourism development programs due to direct access to ocean waters, virginity and strategic location and corridor. This region can be the gate of hope and the driver of Iran's sustainable development. In the framework of the development program and based on the principles of land use planning and maritime and coastal strategy of Iran, the necessity of creating population and industrial centers on Makran coasts, port and transit hubs (corridors), creating tourism and entertainment hubs, locating and establishing processing industries Oil, gas, refining, petrochemical and mining, and the establishment of large water desalination industries are the most important infrastructures necessary for development in the Makran coast.

Those looking forward see the possibility—or even likelihood—of a far greater transformation,as robots equipped with artificial intelligence replace humans. Robots are stronger. They can actwith more precision. They can process more information faster. They can even learn. We do notknow the limits of these robots and our reactions to them, or how fast AI robotization will occur.The Japanese have invented robots for eldercare—lifting an aged patient and gently giving hima bath. Presumably, we could program the robot to sing or talk to the patient in a way that wasoptimally soothing. The focus of concern, however, is not the virtues of these robots but theirimpacts on jobs. There is, for instance, a growing view that in truck driving, driverless vehicles will take over, possibly as soon as five years. The worry is that our market economy will not, onits own, be able to create new jobs with comparable pay for those who are losing their jobs.