نشریه پژوهش های بالینی دامپزشکی
سال پنجم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1393)

Ephedra has been used for more than 5,000 years to treat conditions such as colds, fever, flu, headaches, asthma, wheezing, and nasal congestion. It has also been an ingredient in many dietary supplements used for weight loss, increased energy, and enhanced athletic performance (especially in womankind). In Iran lots of documents were showed traditional usage of Ephedra major for stertility or abortion; so due to fnding any studies about this subject we decided to study infertility effects of the aqueous extract of Ephedra major on the uterus of adult female Balb/C mice. Aqueous extract of Ephedra major was provided in standard way of extraction. Final product of extract, containing the water soluble materials of 50mg Ephedra major powder per/ml. In this experimental study, adult females Balb/C mice (24-26gr.bw) were selected and divided randomly into fve groups: Control (Intact), distilled water injected (Sham), Receiving 100mg/kg.bw of extract, Receiving 200mg/kg.bw of extract, Receiving 300mg/kg.bw of extract. Intraperitonial (IP) injections were applied for 8 consecutive days. A day after the last injection, animals were killed, cupped and their uterus were fxed for histological studies. The experiments were repeated three times. Microscopic studies showed a signifcant decrease in large and small diameters of uterus, height of epithelium (P<0.001) and endometrium (P<0.05) at dose of 300mg/kg.bw and signifcant increase in epithelium (P<0.001) at the dose of 100mg/kg.bw. These experiments resulted that aqueous extract of Ephedra major has two kinds of effects: infertility (200 and 300mg/kg.bw) and fertility (100mg/kg.bw).

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of fortifed Alhaji (Alhaji maurorum L.) with 1% urea on egg production, egg traits, blood biochemical parameters and blood cells of laying hens. In this experiment 192 Hy- line W36 laying hens were used from 65-76 weeks of age in 4 treatments, 4 replicates and 12 hens in each replicate in a completely randomized design. Experimental groups included: 1) control group and 2-4 groups with 1.5, 3 and 4.5 percentages of Fortifed Alhaji (FA). FA had signifcant effects on performance, egg traits, blood biochemical parameters and blood cells of laying hens (P<0.05). The highest amounts of egg weight, egg production percentage, egg mass, the best feed conversion ratio, the lowest feed cost for production each kilogram of egg, the highest egg color index and the highest amounts of Hematocrits, Hemoglobin and red blood cells were observed by using 4.5% FA. The lowest blood albumin and the highest blood HDL were obtained in treatment contained 3% FA. The overall results indicated that using 4.5% fortifed Alhaji, has positive effects on performance, egg traits, blood parameters and could reduce the production cost in laying hens.

Benefts of antioxidant supplementation in various disorders through reducing free radicals and improving organsperformance have been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of coenzyme Q10 and vitaminC on Cysteamine-induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress.This experimental interventional study was conducted on male Wistar rats. Animals were divided into four groups(six rats) randomly. Groups were treated as; group 1 (Normal saline), Group 2 (Cysteamine), Group 3 (vitaminC plus Cysteamine), Group 4 (coenzyme Q10 plus Cysteamine). 24 hours after the last injection, rats wereanesthetized and sampled for investigations. Welch’s and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for analyzing data and P< 0.05 was set the signifcance level.The results of this study indicate that injection of cysteamine signifcantly (P < 0.05) decreased glutathioneperoxidase activity compared with control group. Pretreatment with vitamin C signifcantly (P < 0.05) increasedglutathione peroxidase activity compared with cysteamine group. Pretreatment with coenzyme Q10 increasedglutathione peroxidase activity (P <0.001) and superoxide dismutase (P <0.05) signifcantly compared withcysteamine group.Based on the results of this study, coenzyme Q10 and vitamin C can be used in reducing oxidative stress inducedcysteamine.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of clinical, physiological factors (age, sex, history ofabortion) and environmental factors (marsh or swampy environment, the climate, the distribution of mosquitoesin the environment, altitude above sea level) on the Blue tongue virus seroprevalence in the sheep flocks. Thisstudy was performed on 200 blood samples were randomly collected from 19 herds and 7 villages in the KHOYcity. Sera was investigated using by ELISA to determine serum levels of antibodies against the Blue tongue virusand the results were analyzed statistically. Information required in questionnaire forms were collected during thisstudy. Results showed from a total of 200 samples 74 cases had clinical symptoms such as rhinitis, stomatitisand laminitis which only 26 samples were seropositive. A total of 40 male 23 cases (57/50%) and from the 160females 111 cases (69/37%) had a positive ELISA test that there was no signifcant difference between male andfemale animals(P>0.05). There were 66 samples with abortion history of the ewes trap frequency of positiveserum samples that 49 samples were found positive with abortion which is equivalent to 14/44% was achieved.Different age groups had signifcant difference more susceptible to infection with BTV antibody (P<0.05).Morethan 80% of positive samples belonged to swamp and semi-swamp environments and other of samples related tonon-swampy areas. Among the positive serum samples more than half of the samples were with hot and humidweather. The based of distribution rate of mosquitoes in areas with many mosquitoes more than 40% of positivecases were scattered about in too. The altitude above sea level in low-lying areas close to half belongs of thepositive samples and post lowland (altitude 1,000 m). Results of this study is shown some factors such as age,history of abortion, swampy environments, heat and moisture, many distribution of mosquitoes and low-land areascan be risk factors of sero-prevalence of BTV among sheep and should be ways for control of sero-prevalence ofBTV and prevention from change to clinical form of disease.

The diseases, brucellosis and sheep pox, are endemic in Iran and they cause serious losses to the production andhealth of livestock. Susceptible livestock have been vaccinated against these two diseases in appropriate seasonswith a vaccine from Razi Institute vaccine for several years. But these diseases, especially the dangerous zoonosisbrucellosis, have not been eradicated after all these years. In this case-control study, 40 lambs within the age rangeof 3.5 - 6 months were selected from a native sheep flock. Vaccines and materials used in this survey were obtainedfrom Razi Institute. This study revealed that the administration of dual vaccine contained of bacterial vaccinesFDRev. 1 with sheep pox vaccine with one injection produced antibody titration as the same as FDRev.1 vaccineseparately. It would be cost beneft to conduct this research for the whole country as it will save lots of money inthe context of staff administration and vaccination. It can also decrease the side effects of multiple vaccinationssuch as stress.

Yersiniosis or Enteric Red Mouth Disease (ERM) is an infectious bacterial disease that causes mortality and alsoeconomical loss in Salmonid aquaculture industries. In recent years, the yersiniosis has been expended in differentpart of Iran and there are reports about it in most of the Rainbow trout farms in Iran. Mazandaran Province hasthe second grade of Rainbow trout production in Iran and the most production of Mazandaran is in Haraz Zone(East of Mazandaran). There for, because of the importance of Yersiniosis and also high production of Rainbowtrout in this part of Mazandaran, factors influencing on yersiniosis incidence was evaluated. Samplings were donefrom July 2011 to August 2012 and in 10 rainbow trout farms. Overall, liverand kidney of 1200 fsh with clinicalsigns (410 samples) either without clinical signs (790 samples) were Cultured in TSA agar (Merck Co. Germany).Then Microbial cultures were transformed to laboratory (Ecology of Caspian Sea Institute, Health and Aquaticanimal’s Disease branch) and Bacteria were identifed using gram staining and biochemical tests. In addition, thewater of farms was sampled for calculating Bacterial total count and also measuring some of the physicochemicalparameters (Temperature, DO, pH, Nitrate, Nitrite, NH4+ and TDS) of water. Result showed that decrease oftemperature and increase of pH had the most effects on incidence of yersiniosis . Also, it was demonstrated thatfrom 410 diseased fsh and 790 fsh without clinical signs, 20% and 10% suffered from yersiniosis respectively.

Platelets Rich Plasma (PRP) technique, was introduced in 1987 and now is widely in use amongst in skin wound treatment . This study has been compared the effects of platelet-rich plasma and phenytoin on experimental fullthickness wounds in rabbits. A total of 15 healthy, adult male New Zealand rabbits with 1300 g (100 ± g) weight and 5 months (1 ± months) old age, were randomly divided in5 equal groups and were kept in individual cages. Heterologous PRP used in this study, was obtained via the collection of 10 mL blood from a mature New Zealand White male rabbits and centrifuged by two-steps procedure. Anesthesia were induced in rabbits by injecting of appropriate doses of xylazine and ketamine via the IM route , then performed pre-operative consideration ,and fnally a full-thickness wound with dimension of 1.5 × 1.5 cm created on both side of chest in all rabbits . Right and left wounds covered up with four drops of heterologous PRP and 0.5 Cm3 of phenytoin sodium (cream1%), respectively. During the 21-day period of the study, photographic images prepared from all wounds daily and then analyzed of wounds area and healing process, by Scion Image software. Under appropriate anesthesia in days of 3,5,7,14,21 after wound creation, histopathologic specimens were obtained from groups 1-5, respectively. The obtained data were analyzed in U MANN-Withney and T-Test. It was found different signifcance between days 14 to 21 only in wounds area and volume of granulation tissue in wounds treated with PRP v/s wounds treated with phenytoin sodium and there was no signifcant difference in other criteria’s (P <0.05).