نشریه پژوهش های بالینی دامپزشکی
سال یکم شماره 1 (پاییز و زمستان 1388)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of three dietary L-carnitine inclusion levels on performance, carcass traits, blood cells, serum components and immune responses on broiler chickens. 240 one- day old male broiler chicks (Cobb 500) selected and randomly distributed into 12 floor pens in a randomized block design (4 treatments, 3 pens/ treatment, 20 birds/ pen) and reared until 49 days of age. L-Carnitine levels used in this experiment were zero, 125, 250 and 375 ppm in feed. Feed consumption, mortality rate, mean weight, feed conversion rate (FCR), European Efficacy Factor (EEF), antibody titers against Newcastle Disease (ND) and Avian Influenza (AI) vaccines, cholesterol, triglyceride, white blood cell and red blood cell counts, abdominal fat weight, heart weight ratio, hepatocyte changes were measured at the end of rearing. Finally all data were subjected to the analysis of variances and compared by Duncan’s method between 4 groups statistically. The results showed that:1) L-Carnitine can improve significantly body weigh gain only in 35-49 day old, but not in earlier age. Also improve FCR, EEF, antibody titers against ND and AI vaccines. It can be considered economics to use as it was found in cost-benefit assessment. 2) L-Carnitine did not have any significant effects on serum components, blood cells counts and carcass traits, although it had a little positive improving effect on these items. It seems that L-Carnitine can improve overall performance, carcass traits, blood & serum components and immune response in broiler chickens relatively, and this improvement is more obvious in 375 mg/kg feed than 125 and 250 mg/kg feed.

Since atropine has parasympatholytic effects and it has some interactions with the other premedications,anesthetic drugs and surgical procedures, recorded data’s of capnography and pulse-oximetery, were evaluatedduring ovariohystrectomy. Twenty female terriers with 6.3±0.7 kg weight and 34± 9 month selected and randomlydivided in four groups.Group one received acepromazine as premedication, ketamin + diazepam as induction and intravenous ketamineas maintenance.Group two received additional atropine as premedication and In group three, maintenance ofanesthesia were performed by halothane inhalation. Other procedures were the same as group one. All of theanesthetic procedures in group four were the same as group three except the subcutaneous administration ofatropine was performed as a premedication.Duration of anesthesia as well as quality and duration of recovery were recorded. HbO2 saturation, ETCO2,heart rate, respiratory rate and rhythm were recorded in specific intervals from one hour prior to anesthesia to threehours after extubation.Data had been analyzed based on anesthesia phase, painful surgical procedure, and recovery phase. MostTachycardia had been noticed in group two during painful surgical phase, and hypoventilation occurred in groupthree more than the other groups.According to our findings, as ketamine induces tachycardia, and halothane depresses myocardium, using atropineas a premedication drug seems not to be necessary in this particular surgical procedure.

Ovarian cysts in dairy cattle are generally defined as follicular structures with diameter greater than 2.5 cm which remains at least for 10 days in the absence of corpus luteum. Prevalence of ovarian cysts is reported to be 6% - 19%; thus, cystic ovary is a main reproduction disorder in dairy cattle with heavy economic losses. This study was conducted to evaluate correlation between ovarian sonographic findings and serum estradiol and progesterone concentration of ovarian cyst in dairy cow. 32 dairy cows with ovarian cysts were diagnosed with sonography and categorized to four groups according to serum concentration of progesterone. Serum concentration of progesterone and estradiol was monitored by ELISA and cyst mapping included wall diameter, cyst diameter and cyst volume was evaluated by ultrasound set with 5 mega hertz probe. Statistical analysis of the results showed a direct relation between progesterone concentration and the diameter of luteal cysts wall. The results showed that it might be better to differentiate ovarian cysts on the basis of the amount of progesterone greater than 1 or 2 nanogram per milliliter instead of the diameter of the cyst wall.

The aim of this study was to determinate the drug resistance patterns of avian E.coli isolates from cases of colibacillosis in Golestan Province, Iran. One hundred and fifty isolates of E. coli from pericarditis lesions (5 samples per farm and in 30 farms) submitted to the microbiology laboratory. After sampling and confirmation by biochemical reactions, the E.coli isolates were tested for their susceptibility to a panel of 15 antibacterial agents using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The drug susceptibility test showed that all isolates were resistant to Nalidixic acid, Erythromycin, Flumequine and were susceptible to Gentamicin and Ceftiofur. More than 80% of the isolates were resistant to Colistin, Tetracycline, Sulfadiazine + Trimethoprim, Enrofloxacin, Cyprofloxacin, Danofloxacin, Lincospectin, Difloxacin, Sulphachlorpyridazin + Trimethoprim and Doxycycline. There were 29 drug resistance patterns among 150 E.coli isolates. Eighty eight percent of isolates belonged to more than one pattern, whereas the rest (12%) of isolates, each isolate belonged to one pattern only. The results of this study confirmed the possibility of indiscriminate abuse and misuse of antibacterial agents in poultry industry and this could be dangerous for public health as well.

Lead is a heavy metal and lead poisoning may occurre if it enters regularly into the animal or human body, So in this study lead concentration in milk and water were compared for a possible correlation. 100 samples of raw milk from 10 farms around city of Tehran were collected randomly. These samples were collected directly from cows in the farms. 10 sample of water were collected from the same farms. Lead concentration was measured in all of the samples by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometery and according to the Association of Analytical Communities method. The results showed that mean lead concentration in milk was 264±204/19 ppb which it was more than standard permitted level of codex 2007 (20ppb). Lead concentration in all of the milk samples were over the standard permitted level but lead concentration in drinking water samples were under the codex 2007 permitted level (10ppb), except two samples which were over the standard. Statistical analysis of results showed that there was no correlation between lead in drinking water and in the cow’s milk. Therefore, water can not be the source of lead contamination in the milk.

Experimental teat anastomosis for treatment of sever cow’s teat injuries were performed for the first time and evaluated by radiography. Five healthy, non-pregnant milkier Holstein cows were selected and after preoperative considerations, the rear teats were prepared for aseptic surgery. The left teats (1/3 of distal portion) were amputated horizontally, and fullthickness elliptical incisions were induced in 1/3 of proximal of the right teats from the base, in medial aspect. Anastomosis between amputated and neighboring teats was completed with two rows of sutures, simple interrupted in mucosal layer and interrupted horizontal mattress in intermediate and skin layers with polyglactin910(Coated Vicryl),sized 3-0 and 2-0,respectively. Radiographs with meglumine compound (positive contrast media) were prepared under condition of FFD = 80 Cm, 50 Kv, 20 mAs from all anastomised teats with and without positive pressure in 3 day before surgery and 4, 15, 30 and 44 days after the operation. According to radiographic results inner diameter of anastomosis junction were measured 14-20 mm under positive pressure and 11-16 mm without positive pressure in 44th day after the operation. According to the good radiographic findings and simplicity of this surgical technique, Teat anastomosis can be recommend for the treatment of sever teat injuries in dairy cows.

Hydatidosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus is still an important public health and economic problem in many regions of the world, especially in countries with insufficient hygienic management system. In Iran, Sheep are often bred with traditional extensive methods, where dogs are commonly used to control and guard the flocks, allowing the life cycle of the parasite to perpetuate. This is a zoonotic disease without a specific clinical signs. Final diagnosis in animal can be made only by necropsy or/and post mortem inspection. This survey was conducted to evaluate the current status of hydatid cyst infection in sheep from some parts of Iran. The survey was carried out on 80947 sheep slaughtered in Karaj Rak slaughterhouse From April to November 2007. The geographical origin of each animal was recorded at the slaughterhouse. The post mortem inspection of carcass and offal was carried out to recognize the disease, determination of infected organs and the kind of cysts, after slaughter and determination of age by teeth examination. Of 80947 slaughtered sheep, 1530 (1.89%) were found infected with Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cysts. 60.3% of cysts were fertile. In nineteen regions of this survey, Mashhad (3.83%) and Karaj (0.83) had the highest and lowest contamination, respectively. The prevalence of the disease was dissimilar in different regions and it had decreased, as compared with last decade.

Dicrocoelium and Fasciola are hepatic duct parasites of different animals that are reported from cattle, buffalo,camel, sheep, goats, wild rabbit and hogs in Iran and many other parts of the world. Studies show that the existenceof this parasites in the livers of final hosts become pathogens.The new technologies in the field of molecularbiology had caused basic changes in the classic researches and indistinguishing parasites. One of these methods isthe somatic proteins identification of the parasites resulted from SDS-PAGE.In an abattoir, adult trematodes were obtained from infested livers of cows, sheep and goats. The different partsof the parasite, such as evacuated materials, excretory and somatic parts can have antigens for diagnosing proteins.There are different method for diagnosing proteins. The best and easiest of these methods is electrophoresis withSDS PAGE. After some processing, some adult termatodes of every host for the expulsion of extra materials waswashed in PBS (pH= 7.4) 3-4 times and the resulting solution was centrifuged in 4oC for 30 min in 12000 G.The results of the present study showed that D. denderiticum protein bands are in 14.4-116 kDa range and theirnumbers is 15. F. hepatica protein bands are in 18-63 kDa and include 7 bands, while F. gigantica in the samerange is 9 bands.Using somatic proteins pattern can be considered as a new paraclinic method for the differential diagnosis ofFascioliasis and Dicrocoeliasis.