نشریه دانش زیستی ایران
سال چهاردهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1398)

One of the most important things in rural tourism and nature tourism and recreation in forested areas with tree cover knows local names trees as part of social linguistic data. Social linguistics is a type of linguistic study that is recognized as a cultural subject that is closely related to the social relations of the community that speaks that language. One of the things that play an important role in local dialects is the names of trees and shrubs. The Gilan Province (Chabouksat City to Astara City) have different subcultures, as well as different dialects, but have a common origin. In this study, it was tried to visit different areas of these province and conduct interviews and also to study the authoritative sources of local names of trees and shrubs. In this study, about 90 local names for the trees in Gilan Province, which are mainly the names used in this provinces in different dialects, were recorded.

Urolithiasis is a worldwide problem, sparing no geographical, cultural, or racial groups. In the present study, effect of Kandovan’s mineral water on calcium oxalate crystallization was studied in adult male rats. Crystallization of calcium oxalate was induced by adding ammonium chloride and ethylene glycol in drinking water for 3 and 35 days, respectively. Control group was treated by drinking water. Experimental group were treated by Kandovan’s mineral water for 38 days. After 38 days, animals were anesthetized by ether and left kidneys removed and put them in buffered formaldehyde. Specimens were prepared for histological studies and stained by H&E. results showed that treatment of Kandovan’s mineral water decreased number of crystals in kidney sections of experimental animals in comparison with control group. Also, administration of mineral water decreased tubule-interstitial damages in treated animals. So, the mineral water could prevent formation of primary nucleus of kidney stones.

Urolithiasis is a worldwide problem, sparing no geographical, cultural, or racial groups. Kidney stones are composed of inorganic and organic crystals amalgamated with proteins. Crystallisation and subsequent lithogenesis can happen with many solutes in the urine. Calcareous stones are still by far the most common nephroliths accounting for more than 80% of stones. In Iranian folk medicine, many plants are used for treatment of kidney stones. In the present study, effect of Equaisetum arvense L. aerial parts hydro-alcoholic extract on calcium oxalate crystallization was studied in male rats. At first, hydro-alcoholic extract of plant at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg were prepared. Crystallization of calcium oxalate was induced by adding ammonium chloride and ethylene glycol in drinking water for 3 and 38 days, respectively. Control group was treated by drinking water. Experimental groups were treated by plant extract at doses 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg for 41 days, interperitoneally. After 41 days, animals were anesthetized by ether and left kidneys removed and put them in buffered formaldehyde. Specimens were prepared for histological studies and stained by H&E staining method. Results showed that treatment of extract decreased number of crystals in kidney sections of experimental animals in comparison with control group. Also, administration of plant extract decreased tubule-interstitial damages in treated animals. So, the plant could prevent formation of calcium oxalate crystals in kidney.

This study was aimed to study the effect of wheat flour replacement with Quinoa flour at ratios 0,5,10,15 and 20%(w / w) on rheological properties of baguette breads including Farinograph test (water uptake, paste development time, stability time, The degree of softening of the dough) and the extensograph test (energy consumption, tensile strength and ratio). The results indicated that water absorption improved with the addition of quinoa flour. Development and stability time of dough and the degree of softening after 10 and 12 minutes were increased and then decreased with a high percentage of quinoa flour. extensograph test showed that addition of Quinoa flour, the energy decreased compared to the control sample, and extensibility increased untile 5 and 10% and then decreased. Texture of breads containing quinoa flour were softer than the control sample. The best partial replacement of wheat flour by Quinoa flour is up to 5%.in baguette bread.

Oral cancer is one of the types of head and neck cancers. Five percent of all cancers occur in the head and neck, and almost half of them occur in the oral cavity. Many factors are involved in the onset and progression of oral cancer. One of the most important factors is miRNA and also its mechanism. Mir-96 is, directly and indirectly, involved in apoptosis, proliferation, and invasion of tumors. Therefore, investigation of its role and relation to oral cancer can improve the process of diagnosis and then treatment in patients. In this study, 30 oral tumor and 30 their marginal samples were collected and histo-phatological study were done. Then, RNA extraction was performed, specific primers were designed for Mir-96 and U6 and the expression of Mir-96 was evaluated by a real-time PCR reaction. The results showed that Mir-96 expression in tumor samples was 3.44 times higher than normal ones (p < 0.001). Also, the level of Mir-96 expression was significantly higher in the tumor samples of alcoholic patients than non-alcoholic patients (p < 0.01). Also, the level of Mir-96 expression was significantly higher in tumor samples with metastases than those without metastases (p < 0.01). On the other hand, the expression of Mir-96 in the tumor sample of subjects with prior skin cancer was significantly lower than the tumor sample of subjects with no previous history of cancer (p < 0.05). Mir-96 has good potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic marker in oral cancer.

Saccaromyces cerevisiae has many different uses such as baker's yeast and bioethanol production. Response surface methodology (RSM) is a complex of statistical techniques for experimental model creation. In this study was done to determination of optimal condition of bioethanol production from starch by yeast using RSM. Initially saccaromyces cerevisiae was proliferated on agar then by α-amylase, dextranase and amyloglucosidase respectively, then starch 5% was hydrolyzed to glucose. 250 cc glucose was put at 30 C° and velocity of 150 rpm for 36 h. Bioethanol quantity was evaluated by dichromate oxidation and ethanol measurement methods and temperature, time and pH variables were considered at 25-98 C°, 1 to 6 weeks and 3 to7, respectively. The highest bioethanol production was 12.5 ml at 30 C°, pH 4 also at 80 C°, pH 7 for 5 weeks. The lowest bioethanol production was 3 ml at 98 C°, pH 7 for 1 week which was practically compatible. Regarding the results, RSM method has many benefits such as increase in efficiency of chemical reactions, prevention of wasting raw material, time, money and energy which could use in different biological reactions.