Razavi International Journal of Medicine
Volume:7 Issue: 2, Spring 2019

Selenium (Se) is a necessary elementand is a potent antioxidant adjusting the activity of some enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Selenium metabolism is associated with the biology of heart and its functions, and selenium deficiency is related to cardiovascular pathology. Several studies indicate a relationship between selenium and cardiovascular disease.

The aim of this study was the investigation of the role of selenium in cardiovascular disease.

We searched the ISI, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for studies that evaluated the association between selenium levels and cardiovascular health and cardiovascular disease. At first, the studies containing the words "selenium ", "cardiovascular disease", "selenium supplementation", "levels of selenium" and "hypertension" were selected. We searched papers using ‘selenium_, ‘selenium supplementation_, ‘selenium deficiency_and, ‘Se_in combination with ‘cardiovascular disease_, ‘hypertension_’, ‘heart disease_’, ‘heart failure_’ as keywords.

17 articles (6 randomized clinical trials and 11 observational studies) were eligible to be included in the current review. Some clinical trials showed that selenium supplementation could decrease the risk factors of cardiovascular disease include lipid profiles and inflammatory markers. Observational studies showed that low selenium concentrations are a risk factor of cardiovascular disease however, this is not definitive. But the presence of normal levels of selenium in the body for antioxidant defense is essential.

More clinical trial studies with larger sample size are needed to confirm that selenium is effective in preventing and treatment of cardiovascular disease.

Worldwide, aggression is one of the main death causes for people between the ages of 15 to 44. Understanding the risk factors may be critical to accurate aggression and treatment.

This study aimed to examine the relation between early traumatic events, callous-unemotional traits and insecure attachment style with aggression in a sample of adolescent out-patient.

Asample of high school students (n=345) with a mean age of 16.62 (SD=0.81) years completed Boss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), Early Trauma Inventory (ETI), Inventory of Callous-Unemotional (ICU) traits and revised adult attachment scale (RAAS). The obtained data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis.

Regression analysis revealed that 13% variance of aggression can be predicted by early traumatic events, insecure style of attachment and callous-unemotional traits.

Our findings provide further insight into the role of particularpsychopathy traits, trauma and attachment in developing and maintaining aggression. Study implications and limitations are considered.

Differences among ordinary and imprisoned people are in terms of both physiologic and biologic properties and mental and social characteristics.

This study aims to compare the emotion regulation difficulties, distress tolerance and affect balance between ordinary and imprisoned women accused of fraud to clarify the importance of emotion regulation and the recognition of people's excitement in improving the quality of healthy life.

This research is an applied work conducted by the causal-comparative method. The statistical universe of this study consists of 120 individuals including 50 imprisoned women accused of fraud in Rey Prison as well as 70 ordinary women without any criminal records that were randomized from Tehran. The research tools are as follows: Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) and Affect Balance Scale (ABS).

The results show a difference between the difficulties of emotion regulation, distress tolerance and affect balance of women accused of fraud and ordinary people. Our results show that women accused of fraud compared to ordinary women according to the value (t = 37.11) at a significance level of 0.01 are at a lower level in their emotional settings. Also due to the amount (t = -11.68), a higher level of distress and stress tolerance of ordinary women compared to the defendants was shown and according to the value (t = -4.83), there is a significant difference in the affectwhere female fraudsters are at a lower level versusordinary ones.

The imprisoned women should be paid specially into attention in terms of emotion regulation, distress tolerance and affect balance.

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the most common respiratory disorder of premature infants and leading cause of mortality. The main progress in RDS management is attributable to prescription of surfactant for fastening pulmonary maturation. In this study we aimed to compare nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) with nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) in infants with RDS lower than 1800 gr of birthweight. In this randomized clinical trial, infants with confirmed diagnosis of RDS who underwent treatment with surfactant and mechanical ventilation were randomly allocated to two NCPAP and NIPPV groups. Duration of hospitalization, oxygen therapy, respiratory protection, need for re-intubation and complications were recorded in a pre-designed checklist. Eventually 60 (37 males and 23 females) infants with mean gestational ages of 31.73±1.72 weeks in NCPAP and 32.6±1.92 weeks in NIPPV group underwent analysis (p=0.096). Infants in NCPAP group underwent mechanical ventilation for a mean duration of 3.3±1.7 days; while it was 2.4±0.96 days for infants in NIPPV group (p=0.026). The mean received doses of surfactant was 2.36±0.66 in NCPAP and 1.9±0.25 in NIPPV group (p=0.005). After intervention, infants in NCPAP group had a mean arterial oxygen saturation of 91.36±3.03%; while it was 91.3±4.03% for those in NIPPV group (p=0.669). Mean arterial oxygen pressure was 67.6±6.91 mmHg in NCPAP group and 75.2±7.2 mmHg in NIPPV group after intervention (p=0.045). We found that NIPPV is more effective than NCPAP in decreasing need for reintubation and invasive mechanical ventilation in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome and it also shortens the duration of hospitalization.

Traumas, especially the ones caused by motor vehicle crashes in developing countries are leading causes of death.

This study intends to examine traumatic injuries in occupants involved in roll-over crash over a year in a state-run community hospital.

The trauma pattern of 143 patients injured in traffic accidents, who were admitted to a community hospital, was investigated and reported for three months in a year.

Upper extremity fractures were more common than that of lower extremity and fractures in the lumbar spine was more prevalent than thoracic fractures. Also, chest injuries were more common than abdominal injuries and serious head and face injuries along with brain damage were observed in approximately 9.9% of occupants. 1.41% of reported deaths were caused by rollover of motor vehicles.

This study stressed the importance of taking initial measures and appropriate diagnostic procedures based on the proposed pattern for proper treatment and saving the lives of patients. Moreover, the promotion of the so-called culture of driving well and compliance with traffic rules along with utilization of enhanced equipment in vehicles can help reduce accidents.

Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) can affect both right and left atria. Left atrial thrombus is more common in patients with nonvalvular AF. The presence of a large right atrial thrombus is a rare condition, which is seldom demonstrated as an etiology ofpulmonary embolism, especially without any deep vein thrombosis at the presence of only atrial fibrillation, as was observed in this case. Right atrial thrombus is an underdiagnosed entitywith a high mortality and morbidity rate. Therefore, right atrial appendage (RAA) and left atrial appendage assessmentsshould be consideredin patients with chronic nonvalvular AF.The best management modality has not yet been documented, and it sometimes resolved by anticoagulant therapy alone or neededsurgical removal. Here, we report a case of pulmonary thromboembolism with the complaints of coughing and blood-stained sputumwithout clinical or sonographic signs of deep vein thrombosis. Permanent AF rhythm and a large clot in RAA were detected as the sources for pulmonary embolism. We started anticoagulant therapy and the clot got smaller using a transesophageal echocardiogram as a diagnostic tool.