Razavi International Journal of Medicine
Volume:12 Issue: 1, Winter 2024

End user opinions are crucial for the success of health applications, particularly in the emerging field of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine. Understanding end users' perspectives is essential for the acceptance and effectiveness of AI.AimThis systematic review aims to comprehensively analyze existing literature on end users' perspectives and acceptance models for AI applications. By synthesizing and critically evaluating research, this review seeks to identify key themes, methodologies, and knowledge gaps.

A systematic review was conducted in PubMed in 2023 to identify relevant peer-reviewed articles written in English. Inclusion criteria focused on original studies that validated assessment AI models from users' perspectives. Information extracted included publication details, countries of research, participant characteristics, data gathering and analysis methods, and attributes of the proposed models.

Out of 3714 records, 19 papers were included in the study that were published between 2019 and 2022. Participants belonged to six categories: physicians, medical students, nurses, patients, and general public. The most important assessed factors in identified papers were “ethical issues, trust, and anxiety”, “usability”, “self-efficacy and knowledge”, “social”, “benefits”, “quality of the AI products and service support”, “AI acceptance, resistance of AI, attitude, and satisfaction” were explored. In addition, the commonly examined several moderating variables, including perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and perceived risks.

The findings contribute to understanding current trends and practices in end users' perspective research. Future studies should continue exploring end users' perspectives to enhance the development and implementation of effective AI systems in healthcare.

Context: 

The gastrointestinal microbiota is pivotal in cardiovascular surgery outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to synthesize current evidence regarding the impact of gut microbiota on postoperative metabolomic markers and patient recovery.

Evidence Acquisition: 

Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted across MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane's CENTRAL databases. Studies involving patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery and reporting on gut microbiota were included. Data extraction focused on study characteristics and metabolomic outcomes. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) assessed the risk of bias.

Six studies met the inclusion criteria, involving 530 patients. Meta-analysis revealed that a beneficial gut microbiota profile is associated with less increase in LDL cholesterol (Mean Difference: 14.4 mg/dL, SE: 0.816), a smaller decrease in HDL cholesterol (Mean Difference: -4.9 mg/dL, SE: 0.437), a lower rise in triglycerides (Mean Difference: 11.2 mg/dL, SE: 0.552), and a reduced elevation in CRP levels (Mean Difference: 2.4 mg/L, SE: 0.291) post-surgery. The overall risk of bias ranged from moderate to low across studies.

The findings suggest that gut microbiota composition significantly influences lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses post-cardiovascular surgery. A favorable microbiota profile may provide a protective effect against postoperative complications. These insights underline the potential for microbiota-modulating interventions in enhancing cardiovascular surgery outcomes.

One of the most common pregnancy complications is an abortion that has several complications in the mental domain for women and their families. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of group reality therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy on coping strategies of women after abortion. The method of this study was semi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test design with a control group. In this study, 45 women with abortion practices were randomly assigned to the first three test groups (15 people), the second test (15 people), intervention (15 people). The data collection instrument was the coping strategies questionnaire (1984). Educational interventions were implemented with pre-established targets for women and the questionnaires were again executed and data analysis was carried out 50 days later. Data were analyzed by mixed variance analysis, and Bonferroni test using SPSS.22. Findings showed that there was a significant difference between reality therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy on coping strategies in all components (p<0.05) except for confrontative coping and distancing. It can be concluded that cognitive-behavioral therapy was more effective than reality therapy on improving coping strategies.

One of the success factors of students is self-control which leads to adaptation. Adaptation of the individual to the environment and society leads people to independence and responsibility. Self-control is one of the factors that help us adapt to our environment in everyday life. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of stress inoculation training and emotion regulation training on self-control and academic stress in female students. The research method was semi-experimental research with pre-test, post-test, follow-up, and a control group. The statistical population of this study included all-female high school students in Ramhormoz city in the academic year 2019-2020 who were studying in schools of this city. From this statistical population, three schools were selected by multi-stage random sampling method. The instruments used in this study included the SCS Self-Control Questionnaire and the Academic Stress Questionnaire (ASQ). In this study, univariate analysis of covariance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni pairwise comparison test using software (SPSS) were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant difference between experimental groups and control groups in terms of self-control and academic stress. Also, it was found that emotion regulation training has a greater effect on improving self-control and academic stress (P<0.01). Based on the findings of this study, it can be said that emotion regulation training has a greater impact on improving self-control and academic stress. The findings of this study can be used to improve students' self-control and academic stress.

Studies that have specifically compared arrest and beating methods in on-pump CABG are limited.

Methods and Material: 

In this retrospective cohort study that was conducted in Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad between November 2020 and 2022, data were extracted from all patients' records that underwent on-pump beating CABG or on-pump arrest CABG. According to the method of operation, other variables including post operation bleeding , atrial and ventricular arrhythmia, returning the patient to the operating room for bleeding, need for inotrope, need for a balloon pump, hospital mortality, superficial and deep sternal infection and dehiscence, kidney injury, delayed extubation, length of hospital and ICU stay and neurological complications were compared in the two groups.

A total of 105 patients with an average age of 61.07 ± 10.55 years were included in the study. Of these, 65 cases (61.9%) were male and the rest were female. Of the total patients included in the study, 60 were in the beating group and 45 were in the arrest group. The postoperative outcomes were compared and there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of patients' outcomes (p>0.05). Also, the comparison of in-hospital and one-month mortality of patients in two groups showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05).

Our study showed that postoperative complications, in-hospital and one-month mortality are not significantly different between on pump arrest CABG and on pump beating CABG.Keywords: Ischemic heart diseases; CABG; mortality; on-pump CABG

Aging is a biological phenomenon, natural and one of the stages of life, and one of the indisputable facts of aging is the approach of death. The purpose of this research was to examine the mediating role of attachment to God in the relationship between religious coping strategies and death anxiety in older individuals. This research is part of descriptive-correlative research and cross-sectional research method and structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical sample for this research includes all elderly people living in Tehran from May to July 2023. The sampling method in this study was a multistage cluster method. The researcher chose a sample size of 350 people and finally the data of 298 people were analyzed. Research instruments included Pargament's Religious Coping Styles Questionnaire (R-Cope), Templar's Attachment to God Inventory (AGI), and Templer's Death Anxiety Survey (DAS). SPSS-27 software was used to analyze descriptive statistics and SmartPLS 4 software was used to analyze data trends and standard coefficients. Similarly, the Sobel test was used to test the significance of the mediator variables.The direct effect of positive religious coping on attachment to God was significant (β=0.728, P<0.001). The effect of negative religious coping on death anxiety was positive and significant (β=0.131, P=0.036). The results of this study suggest examining the mediating role of attachment to God in the relationship between religious coping strategies and death anxiety in older individuals.

This study examines the impact of referential thinking, cognitive fusion, and Job burnout on individual functioning. The goal is to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy on referential thinking and its dimensions (including core beliefs, perceived failure, and cognitive capacity hijacking) in female nurses experiencing job burnout. Additionally, the study will assess the longevity of the therapy's effects over time.

The research employed a semi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and a 3-month follow-up phase. The study included all the female nursing staff at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran in 2021. Random sampling was used to select 40 participants from the population. After accounting for sample attrition, 54 individuals remained in the study. The experimental group underwent eight sessions of 90-minute schema therapy, while the control group received no intervention and remained on the waiting list. Data were collected during the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 24, encompassing descriptive and inferential statistics multivariate analysis of covariance, repeated measures analysis of variance, and Bonferroni post hoc test.

The results indicated that both mentioned treatments were significantly effective in reducing referential thinking and job burnout compared to the control group in the post-test and follow-up stages (p < 0.05).

Conlusion:

 Based on the findings of this research, schema therapy can be used as a therapeutic approach to reduce referential thinking and job burnout in counseling centers and psychological services.

The objective of this study is to explore the mediating role of coping style in the relationship between psychological capital and depression in self-harming students. The current study utilized a descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional design, employing structural equation modeling (SEM). The target population consisted of all adolescents enrolled as students in Tehran from April to November 2023 with a history of engaging in self-harming behaviors. Purposive sampling methods were employed to select a cohort of 145 students who engaged in self-harming conduct. in this investigation comprised the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the coping strategies questionnaire (CSQ), and the Luthans Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ). Descriptive statistics were analyzed using SPSS version 27 software, while the path coefficient between variables was conducted using SmartPLS version 4 software. Additionally, Sobel's test was employed to determine the significance of the mediator variable. A significance level of 0.05 was considered appropriate. Based on the results, it was observed that the element of hope exerted a favorable and notable impact on factors including attracting social support, cognitive assessment, emotional restraint, and physical restraint components (P< 0.05). However, this component had a detrimental impact on the depression variable (β=-0.282, P<0.001). Similarly, the Optimism component demonstrated a significant and positive effect on variables including attracting social support, emotional restraint, problem-Solving, and physical restraint components (p < 0.05). Taking into account the favorable influence of psychological resources on how individuals deal with challenges, it is advisable to organize training programs within educational institutions and counseling centers.