فصلنامه تازه های بیوتکنولوژی سلولی مولکولی
پیاپی 40 (پاییز 1399)

The high prevalence of Covid-19, which has been spreading from Wuhan, China since late December 2019, has led to a sharp rise in global mortality, so that we are witnessing a global viral pneumonia, which has led to a major health problem in the world. Therefore, in order to control the prevalence of this disease, it is necessary to early prevention of virus infection through proper and timely diagnosis of this disease, especially in certain patients and asymptomatic patients and also to prevent its recurrence.

 In this study, according to the results of research published in ISI, Wiley, Science direct, PubMed, Scopus, etc. from January to July 2020, diagnostic methods based on the structural features (Serological techniques including ELISA kits) and clinical manifestations (Lung CT scan) of covid-19 have been used for accurate and timely diagnosis of this disease.

Due to its 2 to 14-day incubation period, the similarity of its symptoms to the common cold, and its high transmission capacity among different people, Covid 19 has become very prevalent around the world and it is currently considered a major health problem. Therefore, using appropriate and efficient diagnostic methods is one of the most important options for controlling this disease. The results of published research show that the covid 19 diagnostic kits and methods, which are based on serological, molecular and CT scan techniques, are among the most common diagnostic methods in the world. However, in some cases, these methods have false positive and negative results. Among them, false results from CT scans have been reported less than other methods.

It is recommended to diagnose this disease correctly and in a timely manner especially in asymptomatic people, diagnostic testing should be performed using several diagnostic methods and different patient samples.

Due to the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to common and newborn antibiotics, and effects of indiscriminate use of antibiotics on some organs of the body. Researchers are trying to find alternative drugs with plants, organic and physical sources.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of ozonated grape seed oil on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Grape seed oil by Soxhlet was extracted and ozonated, then the effect of ozonated grape seed oil using inhibitory growth diameter size and minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration indices on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using analysis of variance (ANOVA) was evaluated and determined.

Comparison of the diameter of the growth inhibitory zone with different treatments indicated that ozonated oil and ozonated water had high inhibitory effects (P<0.05). The turbidity and clarity of ozone oil in microplate wells showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (0.128 mg. ml-1) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (ineffective) on bacteria

According to the obtained results, grape seed oil can be used as an effective natural substitute for controlling these pathogens, especially S. aureus with proper safety.

The ability to secrete insulin from the islets of Langerhans on the one hand and suppress the factors that increase serum glucose concentrations on the other; It is very important in patients with metabolic disorders such as diabetes. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of harmine with ghrelin agonist (as a suppressor of insulin secretion) on insulin secretion and c-peptide in PANC-1 cell line and intracellular glucose concentration in HT1080 cell line.

To do this, cell lines were purchased from the Iranian Genetic Resources Center and after cell passage and preparation, were treated with doses of 0/01, 0/1, 1, 10 and 100 μg /ml harmin and ghrelin agonists with doses of 0/05, 0/5, 5, 50 and 500 μg / ml. While performing MTT test, insulin secretion and c-peptide were measured by ELISA.

The results showed that harmine dose-dependently increased insulin and c-peptide secretion as well as increased intracellular glucose and had the opposite effect of ghrelin agonist.

Harmine analogues could be a unique therapeutic promise for human diabetes and possibly serve as inhibitors of ghrelin agonists.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases of the endocrine system. The disease is caused by a lack of cellular absorption of blood sugar and is associated with certain changes in intracellular metabolism in tissues including the liver and pancreas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extract of borage on the concentration of glucose, insulin, malondialdehyde and also the histopathology of liver and pancreatic tissue in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

In this study, 35 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8, including healthy group, diabetic control, treatment with boonaq alcoholic extract 1.6 g/kg, treatment with boqnaq aqueous extract 1.6 g/kg, metformin treatment 1.6 g/kg were divided. Healthy rats became diabetic after two weeks of treatment with normal food by injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin and then received borage powder and metformin daily by gavage for 2 weeks. Before induction of diabetes and at the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken from all animals and the concentration of glucose, insulin and malondialdehyde in the blood was analyzed by enzymatic method. Cal Wallis and Wilcoxon and analysis of variance were analyzed.

The results showed a significant increase in glucose concentration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats compared to other groups (p<0.05). Bougainvillea plant significantly increased glucose and insulin compared to the diabetic control group. Histological studies show a positive effect of plant extract on reducing liver inflammation in diabetic rats and protecting pancreatic cells from oxidative damage.

According to the results of this study, borage has not reduced glucose but may be effective in treating diabetes. Also, the alcoholic extract of borage plant induced its anti-diabetic effect by reducing malondialdehyde and improving the antioxidant pathway of cells. The reduction of MDA as an oxidative index was not significantly different from metformin.

Aim & Background:

 the genus Burkholderia (mallei and pseudomallei species) are classified as dangerous human pathogens. Diagnosing cultures for this bacterium is costly and time consuming and on the other hand it is very dangerous to work with and it is very difficult to access this bacterium. the porpose of this research Design and production of a genetically simulant construct for the detection of  B. pseudomaleii

initially, a simulant construct containing the reference and specific genes of the mallei and pseudomallei species was not observed in other species of the family, and then the operational efficiency of the designed construct was quantified using Real-Time Quantitative PCR. Quality (SYBER Green) and qualitative (using TaqMan probe) were evaluated. Finally, Real-Time PCR amplification products were analyzed by melting curve and electrophoresis.

the minimum and maximum sensitivity were 0.1 pg and 10 ng on the constructs designed in the present study, was obtained.

This simulat can be used as a positive control for the detection of the Burkholderia agent and can further enhance the development of new diagnostic kits in the field.

Diabetes is one of the most serious health problems in todaychr('39')s society. Also, therapeutic theories are problematic for general liver diseases such as cirrhosis, fatty liver and chronic hepatitis. Low effect of drugs in many patients has made it inevitable to examine and find other treatments. Current study, examines the anti-diabetic and liver protective effects of Kombucha syrup in vistar male rats.

The composition of fresh Kombucha syrup was evaluated after 7 days of fermentation with GC–MS and its anti–oxidant activity by DPPH method. The mice were divided into five groups and in order to investigation of anti-diabetic and liver protective effects, test groups obtained daily 2 and 4 ml/kg of Kombucha syrup orally for 14 and 32 days, respectively. Blood sugar levels by glucometer and liver enzymes were measured by parsazmoon company kits. The results were analyzed using Studentchr('39')s T-Test and ANOVA using SPSS software version 22.

Kombucha syrup with 12.66% glucuronic acid and 4.57% ethanol has anti–oxidant properties. The highest anti–oxidant property was reported at 89.58%. Blood sugar levels in first and second test groups (160 and 112 mg/dl) showed a significant decrease compared to the negative control group (436 mg/dl). The activity of liver enzymes in the first and second test groups also showed a significant decrease compared to the negative control group.

Kombucha syrup, with its high anti–oxidant properties, has beneficial effects in managing diabetes and maintaining the health of liver cells against toxic compounds.

Today, research has shown that medicinal plants have fewer side effects than industrial and chemical judges. On the other hand, studies indicate the important role of Hnf1a gene in diabetes, so the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of silymarin on blood sugar and expression of Hnf1a gene in male Wistar rats diabetic with streptozoto.

 42 male rats were randomly selected and divided into seven groups. Sixty diabetic rats with diabetic streptozotocin have been measured and their fasting blood glucose was measured. After the end of the period, the rats were anesthetized with the drug. A portion of the pancreatic tissue was isolated and used to evaluate the expression of Hnf1a gene using Real Time RT PCR..

Evaluation of Hnf1alpha at a dose of 150 mg / kg in silymarin-receiving rats showed a significant decrease in Hnf1alpha gene expression and was introduced as an effective dose (P-Value <0.05) due to the use of silymarin in the country. It is not common, in future research, more importance can be given to the effects of silymarin and it can be considered as an effective drug.

Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that silymarin reduces blood sugar in diabetes and, if confirmed in extensive studies, can be considered as a therapeutic target in diabetes.

Histones are replaced by protamines to package sperm head DNA during mammalian spermatogenesis. Protamine genes variation cause sperm DNA damage and is affect infertility in men. Therefore this study aim was investigation on association of two rs737008 in PRM1 gene and rs4780356 in PRM2 gene polymorphisms with azoospermia and oligospermia in Iranian idiopathic infertile men.

DNA extraction from blood samples of 96 idiopathic infertile men with azoospermia and oligospermia and 100 normal control men. Prevalance of two studied polymorphisms was identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Then results were confirmed with sequencing

A mutant allele frequency of rs737008 in PRM1 gene polymorphism was difference in patient and control groups but statistical analysis showed no significant association between this polymorphism prevalance among case and control groups (P>0.05). By genotyping shown no existent rs4780356 in PRM2 gene polymorphism in anyone of case and control groups.

This study finding indicated there was not association with prevalence of two rs737008 in PRM1 gene and rs4780356 in PRM2 gene polymorphisms with oligospermia and azospermia and idiopatic male infertility in Iranian population. More studies need to demonstrate the role of these two polymorphisms with idiopathic infertility in Iranian men.