نشریه طب انتظامی
سال دهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 36، زمستان 1399)

The present study investigates the efficiency of biological samples taken from the crime scene on crime detection.

This study is a descriptive, documentary and applied. The statistical population of this research includes 60 employees of Zanjan State Criminal Police, including crime scene investigators, lab experts of forensic chemistry and biology, forensic detectives, medical examiners and examining magistrates and prosecuting attorneys of Zanjan province’s Judicature with at least 5 years of executive experience in crime scene investigation. The questionnaire is used as a tool in this study. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts and the reliability of the questionnaire, calculated by the Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient, was 0.939. For analyzing, descriptive and inferential statistics Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Friedman and one sample t-tests were used. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed normal distribution of the data; so the parametric tests were used to examine the variables.

The results of one sample t-test showed that biological samples of blood, saliva, semen, and hair strand make a significant contribution to the scientific detection of crime. Friedman test for ranking the importance of various factors related to different samples on crime detection rate from the view of the respondents, showed that using modern equipments and technologies, sample quality and officer scientific and technical knowledge have the most priorities.

According to the results the best biologic test, from the view of the respondents, in crime detection is DNA typing.

Elderly satisfaction is considered as a tool to measure the productivity and effectiveness of hospital services. Any decision and planning in relation to the elderly, requires accurate knowledge and based on objective and scientific observations of their problems. The aim of this study was to determine the status of geriatric services in two NAJA selected hospitals.

This was an applied study, in terms of purpose, and a mixed exploratory study, in terms of data, using unstructured in-depth interviews (qualitative part) and a questionnaire with five-point Likert scale (after evaluating validity and reliability (quantitative part)). To determine the level of satisfaction and problems, from 300 elderly clients of two NAJA hospitals in Tehran city, were performed between February 21, 2019 and November 22, 2019.

The results showed that the level of satisfaction was with physicians (90%), emergency (75.6%), para clinic (83%). Also, the most mentioned problems of the clients regarding the costs (10.7%), such as the free cost of some drugs (5.7%), the problem of absentee appointments (10.2%), the high volume of clients (6.4%), the problems of parking space (6%). The solutions provided by clients were insurance expansion and supplementary insurance (17.5%), work conscience (13.4%) and disease prevention services (12.4%), and dental expansion (8.2%). Quantitative analysis showed the favorable condition in terms of employee satisfaction and the need for measures to control costs, expand insurance services, NAJA and hospital services.

Different parts of hospital according to the percentage and analysis, have acceptable situation but there are defects about equipment, electronic services, staff encounter and the aging services community system in NAJA hospitals, despite of being at the suitable therapeutic level, need to serious practical actions to increase the level of satisfaction.

The Covid-19 outbreak and pandemic imposed such a challenge on the international community that it involved not only all countries but also international institutions and organizations. Meanwhile, it became evident that governments and international organizations were not prepared to cope with this unknown virus due to a lack of multi-dimensional recognition and knowledge about the virus. Consequently, the health and hygiene status of the whole world faced a turbulent and insecure situation. This situation was to the extent that some organizations, such as the UN and its specialized bodies and agencies, including the WHO and even the Security Council, considered the prevailing conditions as woeful, deleterious and even a threat to the international peace and security. Thus, these organizations sought to adopt appropriate policies to protect human lives and confront the threats caused by the Covid-19 outbreak and pandemic. Ultimately, the Security Council issued Resolution 2532 (2020), calling for an immediate ceasefire of any armed conflict in the involved countries.

Although the covid-19 pandemic was announced as a threat to international peace and security under Resolution 2532 (2020), the role and position of the Security Council regarding its cooperation with countries in conflict will provide the chance to replace challenges with opportunities and enhance international peace and security. Achieving this goal requires consensus on international cooperation between all governments, especially the permanent members of the Security Council, with priority being given to the international community’s interests that will make the Covid-19 outbreak prevention possible by taking appropriate measures.

The present qualitative research was conducted with the aim of comparing the electronic monitoring checklist used in Iranian police medical centers with the relevant items in Islamic sources (hadiths, Quran, and narrations) and the compliance of the present checklist with the mentioned items.

In the present qualitative research, first, the electronic monitoring checklist of the police force, which contains 24 items in the field of electronic surveillance (used in medical centers) was examined. Those items that were not found in Islamic sources or were in the opposite, was removed from the checklist. Then, the needs assessment of the remaining items was reviewed by the professors and managers of the police force and the final checklist was prepared. Thirston and Cronbachchr('39')s alpha in SPSS-18 software was used to analyze the validity and reliability of the checklist.

Based on interviews with religious experts and the extraction of Islamic principles corresponding to the items, 19 items remained in the checklist and were sent for a survey of NAJA managers and professors. However, no corresponding principles were found for the 5 items that were classified as items that Islam has been silent on and was later added to the final checklist as items that are needed at different times depending on the needs of the organization. All 19 remaining items were accepted from the perspective of police managers and professors, and the grade of each item was calculated depending on the degree of relevance to the corresponding Islamic principle. The calculation of Cronbachchr('39')s alpha equal to 0.90 also indicated the appropriate reliability of the checklist.

The current findings showed that a large share of the items related to electronic surveillance used in Iranian police medical centers are directly or indirectly rooted in Islamic teachings and a small share of it is commensurate with the needs of the organization at a time when Islam it is silent.

The absence of an appropriate relationship between the patient and the medical staff can lead to verbal and physical arguments and, therefore, lead to intervention from the police and filing a complaint and consequent legal problems. In Iran, patient communication skills are taught to medical students based on the Calgary-Cambridge observational model. As the Iranian society has social, cultural, and belief differences, the present study was designed and performed with the aim of determining the contradictions of the components of this model with the attitude of Iranian patients.  

The present cross-sectional study was performed in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, in 2016. The sample consisted of conscious patients admitted to the emergency department. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to evaluate patients’ attitudes towards communication skills components based on the Calgary-Cambridge model. The questionnaire consisted of 33 questions regarding various communication skills components, and its reliability and validity were confirmed before being used in this study.

Overall, 100 patients with the mean age of 43.1 ± 16.7 years participated in the study, 51% of whom were male. The attitude of patients was contradictory to the guideline in some cases. There was more agreement with shaking hands with the physician among those residing in villages (p = 0.01); men more frequently agreed with being called by their name (p = 0.03), but women preferred to be called “madam” without a name or family name (p = 0.04); 68% of the patients preferred to sit across the physician during the visit; only 31% of the patients believed that the physician should ask for permission before the examination; only 31% of the patients agreed that a physician could look at a patient from the opposite sex. In other items, no significant difference was observed.

The attitude of patients participating in the present study was contradictory to the mentioned guideline in some cases. Therefore, it would be better to revise the present model of teaching Calgary-Cambridge communication skills for the physician-patient relationship in some categories according to the culture of the Iranian society.

Job satisfaction is one of the important factors of job success and improves peoplechr('39')s performance. Thus, the present study was conducted to investigate and prioritize the factors affecting job satisfaction among employees of hospitals affiliated to NAJA in Tehran, Iran.

This was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of this study was all employees of hospitals affiliated to NAJA in Tehran, Iran in 2019. According to the volume of the mentioned population, a statistical sample of 640 people (340 men and 300 women) from the employees working in these hospitals was selected based on the Random Stratified Sampling technique and the number of people in each stratum. This study’s instrument was the Job Satisfaction Index (JDI) which was filled by the sampled individuals.

The results of data analysis showed that age and job history had positive and significant relationships with job satisfaction (P<0.05), but there was no relationship between education and job satisfaction (p<0.05). The independent T-test was used to examine the relationship of gender, marital status, and type of employment with job satisfaction. The mean job satisfaction score of women was higher compared to men. There was no significant difference in job satisfaction between single and married participants. Moreover, people with a formal contract had higher job satisfaction. In order to determine the order of priority in employee job satisfaction, the Friedman test was used, which showed the first to fifth priorities influencing job satisfaction to be the variables of colleague, job, supervisor, payment, and promotion with average ranks of 4.28, 4.4, 3.62, 1.57 and 1.53, respectively.

In general, the study results showed that age, gender, job history and type of contract are the components associated with the job satisfaction of employees of hospitals affiliated with NAJA in Tehran. Additionally, among the sub-components related to job satisfaction, the role of the colleague, supervisor, and the job itself is more prominent.

The workforce of any military organization is one of the most important and influential resources in that system. The need for the proper use and suitable selection of people in different work shifts is vital.

This study aims to measure the basic cognitive functions based on Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) in police shift and administrative personnel.

This study’s design is causal-comparative. A sample of 110 individuals from the specialized unit staff of Kerman province in 2019 was selected through a random sampling technique. To evaluate the cognitive functions of these individuals, the ANAM Neurological Psychological Evaluation Software Collection was used. The Independent T-test was performed for data analysis using the SPSS software version 25.

The findings showed no significant difference between shift and administrative groups in the scores of code substitution, mathematical processing,  matching to sample, mathematical processing time, and matching to sample time. However, a significant difference between the two groups was observed in procedural reaction time (P=0.024) and reaction time (P= 0.006).

The results showed that the simple and procedural reaction times are higher in shift workers. There was no significant difference in other cognitive patterns of the research subjects in the sampled police personnel. That could be due to the similar general military training, using administrative staff in police operations, and periodic shifts.

Commitment to marriage is of importance as a sustainable mechanism. It is one of the characteristics of successful and long-lasting marriages. Marital commitment is the strongest and most stable predictor of marital quality and stability. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of self-differentiation treatment based on Bowen’s family system theory on couples’ marital commitment.

The research method was quasi-experimental with convenience sampling and one-month follow-up. The statistical population included clients who visited the counseling centers of Greater Tehran Police Command in the last quarter of 2018 and the first quarter of 2019. The sample included 30 couples, randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups (allocation ratio of 1:1). Marital commitment Questionnaire (Adams & jones, 1997) was utilized. The couples in the intervention group received ten 60-minute sessions of self-differentiation treatment by the researcher based on Bowen’s treatment system as group therapy over three months. The control group received no treatment. The follow-ups in both groups were performed after one month. The data analysis was done in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up through repeated measures analysis of variance and mixed design.

The results indicated that the self-differentiation treatment was significantly effective in promoting marital commitment among couples of the intervention group compared to the controls (p=0.001). Furthermore, the results of the mixed design analysis indicated that the implementation of the independent variable was meaningful on all three components of Personal Commitment (p=0.001), structure Commitment (p=0.001) and Moral Commitment (p=0.004). This intervention’s results were also significant at the follow-up stage.

The self-differentiation treatment intervention based on Bowen’s family system theory effectively improved the couples’ marital commitment in the intervention group compared to the control group. The results of this research can be used in intervention planning with an emphasis on the role and importance of self-differentiation in the family to promote marital commitment and prevent couples from betraying each other, achieving timely prevention of divorce and emotional divorce picked up.