مجله طب پیشگیری
سال هفتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 18، تابستان 1399)

The birth weight of a newborn is one of the important indicators of growth, survival, and development of the child. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the birth weight of the newborn and the maternal weight and maternal weight gain during pregnancy.

This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was performed on 92 pregnant women in Vali-e-Asr hospital in Fasa, Iran, during the second half of the year 2016. Samples were selected by systematic random sampling. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that its validity and reliability were checked and approved. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression.

The mean weight of newborns at birth was 3181.20±589.29 g. The mean BMI of mothers before and at the end of pregnancy was 23.97±5.54 and 29.61±7.55 g, respectively. The findings indicated that there was a linear relationship between the weight of newborns and maternal weight at the beginning (r=0.23, P-Value<0.05) and at the end (r=0.24, P-Value<0.05) of pregnancy. There was no significant relationship between the birth weight and mother’s job, number of previous deliveries, type of delivery, pregnancy age, taking supplements, and sex of the baby (p>0.05). But a significant relationship was observed between the parental raltionship and time of the delivery (premature and timely) and weight of newborns (P-Value<0.05).

The findings of this study indicates the influence of pre-pregnancy weight and maternal weight gain during pregnancy on the birth weight of the newborn. Therefore, healthcare providers should pay special attention to fitting and regulating the weight of pregnant women.

Low quality sleep and insomnia can lead to impaired daily functioning, increased human errors, and occupational accidents. Shift work is one of the factors affecting insomnia and sleep quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sleep disorders and blood pressure and shift working in Shahid Mohammadi hospital staff.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 263 clinical staff of Shahid Mohammadi hospital in Bandar Abbas city in 2019, who were selected using random sampling method. In addition to demographic data, Maureen Insomnia Severity Index, shift working status, and blood pressure of the participants were recorded. Data were analyzed using spss version 24 software and logistic regression, chi-square, and t-test tests.

The results showed that 39(14.8%) participants had normal sleep and 118(44.9%), 90(34.2%), and 16(6.1%) of the subjects had mild, moderate, and severe sleep disorders, respectively. Sleep disorders were higher in women compared to men (P-Value⩽0.05). Compared to day workers, the odds ratio of sleep disorders in shift workers was 3.50 (P-Value⩽0.05). There was no significant relationship between hypertension and shift working and sleep disorders (P-Value≥0.05).

Since the prevalence of insomnia in hospital staff is high and shift working increases the risk of sleep disorders, shift working schedules should be considered and adjusted.

Effective management of consumption in the field of health, through reforming the consumption pattern in the health and treatment systems, will improve the quality of health services. The present study was conducted to identify factors related to consumption pattern reform in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2018.

This descriptive research was carried out in 2018 using a qualitative approach. The factors related to consumption pattern reform in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were determined in three phases including documents review, interview with experts, and validation of factors using Delphi method. The framework analysis method was used to analyze the qualitative data and the total score method was used to reform the factors.

In the initial phase, after refining the primary codes, 39 factors related to consumption pattern reform were identified in four general categories including implementation of general policies of consumption pattern reform (21 components), promotion of domestic goods consumption (4 components), planning for quality improvement (12 components), and production competitiveness (2 components). In the Delphi phase, 11 components were confirmed as factors related to consumption pattern reform in the field of health.

The health officials, especially the institutions in charge, can take the necessary measures to improve the consumption pattern in the field of health.  Such measures may include adding a health impact assessment part to the major development plans, implementing a health literacy promotion program, implementation of a comprehensive health services network, modification of the nutritional patterns, and modification of the defective processes.

Traffic accidents are one of the most important problems in the field of public health which account for a large economic burden to different communities. This study was conducted to investigate the driving behavior of motorcyclists and its related factors.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed retrospectively on 234 motorcyclists who were selected by available sampling method from Sarbaz city. To collect data, a motorcycle riding behavior questionnaire (48-MRBQ), a general health questionnaire (GHQ-28), and a 10-item emotion measurement questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistics.  
 

The mean age of the participants was 26.7 ±7.09. According to the results, 36.1% of the participants had a history of motorcycle accident during the last 12 months. The mean score of driving behavior, mental health, and excitement of the participants were 96.79, 54.200, and 21.33, respectively. Traffic error score with an average of 23.90±0.8 and major depression score with an average of 17.47±4.07 were the highest scores among the dimensions of driving behavior and mental health, respectively. Motorcyclistschr('39') driving behavior scores had significant relationship with cigarette, alcohol, cannabis, methadone, and heroin use over the past year (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant correlation between driving behavior score and mental health (P<0.05).  

It is necessary to improve the level of public knowledge, especially motorcyclists, about correct driving behaviors. In addition, serious and continuous implementation of traffic rules and regulations is essential.

Biological treatment of wastewater containing high dissolved solids, because of the high concentration of salt, is not possible. A method for treating this type of wastewater is electro-oxidation process. The aim of this study was application of response surface methodology to optimize the saline wastewater treatment using electro-oxidation process.

This experimental study was conducted in a pilot scale. The samples were prepared synthetically at the required level of saline wastewater.The independent variables were reaction time, pH, electrolyte concentration, and cell voltage. The process performance was evaluated based on COD and TOC removal efficiencies. The determination of the number of experiments, statistical analysis and modeling of laboratory data, and optimization of COD and TOC removal were performed using the central composite design and surface response method.

The results showed that the removal efficiencies of COD and TOC at the optimum conditions of pH=8, reaction time= 34 min, salt concentration= 23.5 gr/l, and voltage= 7 V were 88.48% and 69% respectively. In these conditions, the desirability of the model was 1.

Electro-oxidation was an effective process for COD and TOC removal, but not enough to produce effluents which meet the environmental standards. Therefore, this process is proposed for pretreatment of saline waste water. In addition, central composite design and response surface methodology were appropriate to optimize the variables affecting COD and TOC removal process using electro-oxidation.

Leishmaniasis is a common parasitic disease in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and is also one of the major health problems in Iran.This study was designed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of female students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences about cutaneous leishmaniasis.

The data collection tool of this cross-sectional study was a researcher-made questionnaire with 28 questions in 4 parts (demographics, knowledge, attitude, and practice). After evaluating the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, it was completed by 384 female students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences who were selected by stratified sampling method. SPSS software and Spearman correlation coefficient and Chi-square tests were used to analyze the data.

The highest level of knowledge was related to the the medical school students. A significant relationship was observed between the level of study and type of faculty with studentschr('39') knowledge (P-value˂0.0001). The best attitude was for BS students. Significant correlation was observed between the level of education and the attitude towards cutaneous leishmaniasis (P-value= 0.019). Students of medical and health schools had good practice in dealing with the disease.

In general, due to the relatively poor knowledge, attitude, and practice of the students, who are the first level of service givers to the the society, it is essential to educate them about the cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Since AIDS is common in childbearing ages ant its prevalence is increasing in the recent years, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between taking perinatal prophylaxis and HIV infection in children of HIV positive mothers in Kermanshah province.

This descriptive-analytical study was of retrospective type. The data collection tool was a checklist prepared according to risk factors of mother-to-child HIV transmission. The study population were 66 children with HIV-positive mothers who reffered to the Behavioral Diseases Counseling Center in Kermanshah. The information of these children was recorded by reviewing the patientschr('39') files. Parents of 44 HIV-negative children were contacted for serological re-testing. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the delivery age, the rate of maternal prophylaxis, and the first maternal CD4 after delivery and childrenchr('39')s HIV infection (P < 0.05), but there was no significant relationship between the motherchr('39')s level of education, maternal prophylaxis, delivery type, breastfeeding, gestational age, smoking, and injecting drugs and mother-to-child HIV transmission (P <0.05). There was also a significant relationship between maternal gestational age at birth and child weight at birth with mother-to-child HIV transmission (P ˂ 0.05).

Since perinatal prophylaxis can reduce the risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission, it is essential that medical personnel consider the use of perinatal prophylaxis.
Key Words: Perinatal, Prophylaxis, HIV.

Providing optimal lighting in the libraries can improve the studentschr('39') health, alertness, and accuracy and it can also reduce their errors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the illumination and ultraviolet radiation at Hormozgan Medical Sciences University study halls in the winter of 2018.

In this cross-sectional study, the natural, artificial, and total illumination was measured at centers of designated stations in all of the eight study halls of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences at  the height level of study tables (80cm) by a Lux meter (model: tes 1339). Ultraviolet radiation was also measured by a HAGNER EC1 instrument equipped with UVA sensor at the levels of the study tables. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS ver.16 software.

The average of natural and artificial general illumination in respectively 62.5% and 100% of the study halls and in the case of local illumination in respectively 50% and 75% of the study halls were less than the national standard level (300lux). In addition, total illumination levels in all cases were higher than the standard value. The male students’study hall in the health faculty had the highest average of natural and total UV radiation and Paramedical school study hall had the highest average of artificial UV radiation.

In general, the illumination levels in the study halls were not satisfactory and in order to improve the situation, it is necessary to consider the type of lighting sources, installation height, uniform distribution of lighting, and arrangement of the windows and study tables.