فصلنامه پژوهش های جغرافیایی برنامه ریزی شهری
سال هشتم شماره 4 (زمستان 1399)

Ecosystem services can be useful in terms of participatory and integration of citizens. Many of the issues addressed by the concept of ecosystem services have been addressed in urban and regional planning and can be supported through the development of an interactive scenario with stakeholders. The purpose of this study is to design a participatory framework of stakeholders using Bayesian networks to conceptualize landscape aesthetic in ecosystem cultural services in which stakeholders from nine different disciplines are involved. In fact, the present study is an applied (descriptive and causal) research that, after collecting field and library information, has used brainstorming technique. The mean and variance are used to convert stakeholder outcomes into probabilities in the Bayesian network. Because abstract terms can be classified through a multivariate Bayesian network and cohesive brainstorming. Final sensitivity analysis through output probabilities showed that topography includes elevation and slope of the land, water, and dense vegetation in areas such as Chitgar Forest Park, Artificial Lake of Azadi and Khargoush Dareh Park have highest aesthetic value. Also, natural elements such as lakes, forest trees, and agricultural lands show higher quality in terms of visualization. Overall, the present study does not focus on individual indicators; rather, it is a methodology consistent with aesthetic considerations that can be used in local citizens' participation alongside stakeholders and future planning of landscape aesthetic.

The main purpose of this research is qualitative study and modeling the effects of physical structure of urban neighborhoods on mental disorders of citizens. In this research, content analysis method was used. The statistical population of the study was families that living in Moftabad and Mardavij neighborhoods. Based on this, people were selected as the sample who have diversity in terms of living environment. Also, the condition for entering the study was to be over 20 years old, to have lived in the desired neighborhood for at least 3 years, and not to have acute mental disorders. Based on this, 60 people were selected as the sample size. The content analysis method used for this study that included determine and extract the analysis unit, coding the analysis units, summarize and reduce data, use the categorization system, and analyze and report research results Based on the results of the research, the six main variables for the physical structure of urban neighborhoods were extracted such as natural environmental conditions (diversity of vegetation, water spaces and environment temperature), environmental pollution (noise pollution and unhealthy urban environment), streets conditions (walking ability, street lighting at night, smooth traffic in the neighborhood), public spaces (Local Park, urban furniture, sitting spaces in front of the residential complex), local services (local market and retail stores), and urban landscape and image (Environmental readability, proper application of paint in the environment).

Given the undeniable role of revenues from the capital of natural oil resources in the process of investment and capital formation, as well as the emphasis of many conventional development theories on the positive role of natural resources in the process of development and increasing the welfare of societies, this article tries to analyze oil revenues. As a key driver of the viability of communities from the perspective of local Behbahan stakeholders (heads of households). Accordingly, by studying the existing literature and basics, 59 variables (including 54 components of urban livability and 5 variables of oil economy) were provided to 30 experts in urban livability and oil economics in the form of matrices and questionnaires. It was weighted through interaction analysis standards and analyzed through Mick Mac software, and finally the key factors of the research were identified. Based on this, it was found that the effects of oil economy has not been able to cause favorable livelihoods among the citizens of Behbahan and five factors of oil economy do not affect the quality of urban livelihood of Behbahan as one of the oil extraction cities and the most effects of this industry in Macro factors and national incomes are visible. Also, the city of Behbahan has not seen such effects on the quality of urban living as a result of the emergence of this God-given source. Meanwhile, investment in the oil industry of this city, despite the relative economic benefits, has created detrimental effects on society

The experience of failure and high risk of mega-projects especially in decayed areas increased the importance of risk assessment prior to its implementation. One of the projects is the development of Imamzadeh-Zeinab shrine in Isfahan. It covers an area of about 19 hectares with the aim of recreating, creating an urban square and compensating for the shortage of per-capita . The purpose of this paper is to risk assess of urban development plan of Imamzadeh-Zeinab shrine in isfahan using failure modes, effects and criticality analysis (FMEA) technique. In this regard, a mixed methodology paradigm has been used (the combination between case study research method and the non-experimental research method). At the same time, data collection was done through documentary, content analysis and field study method. In addition, the obtained data were analyzed through the failure modes, effects and criticality analysis (FMEA) technique and with the help of Delphi Group. Finally, the relevant problems were identified and prioritized based on the priority estimation index. The results show that the urban space of the Imamzadeh-Zeinab shrine in the physical and security component has the minimum and maximum distance to the ideal urban space, respectively. Also, within the security component, it has the most possible problems in the field of space, lighting and social surveillance, respectively, which can be an obstacle to creating a presentable, dynamic and usable space for all individuals and age groups. For this aim, solutions have been proposed to minimize these problems before the implementation of the plan.

The world has become more urban, which emphasizes the requirements of human quality of life. Inability to provide different aspects of urban life has important effects on the biological well-being of citizens. Much of the disability stems from the traditional way of urban management. Various approaches have been proposed in the field of urban management, of which urban governance is one of the most important. This article analyzes the role of governance indicators in the city of Azarshahr. The results show that from the citizens' point of view, the indicators of efficiency and effectiveness as well as responsibility show a better situation. Respondents in the city of Azarshahr have confirmed the effect of variables on governance. The results of one-way analysis of variance test also show the better and more favorable status of the two indicators of efficiency-effectiveness as well as responsibility. Using regression coefficient, the effect of each of the governance indicators on urban spatial quality was measured and the results showed that there is a significant relationship between good urban governance and spatial quality. The index of accountability and greater transparency and participation show the least impact on spatial quality. The results of the research can provide a better understanding of the city for city managers to have a better performance in urban decisions and planning by considering these analyzes. Successful governance model can improve urban environments by scientifically considering variables in cities and improving its performance and principled application.

This study for the future condition of housing planning of low-income groups of Tabriz metropolis using the principles of normative paradigm and modern future studies. In terms of the goal, this study is applied-developmental and in terms of nature, it is descriptive-analytical. For writing the theoretical principles, library method has been used and for collecting the needed data, Delphi technique has been utilized. The goal of this study is to identify the probable and possible scenarios and eventually the desirable scenarios for the future condition of the system. On this basis, a number of 13 key factors which are effective on the future condition of the system were extracted from the total 59 initial effective factors using the method of Cross Impact Analysis and also by utilizing MICMAC software. Moreover, for identifying the desirable scenarios, a number of 51 probable conditions were designed for the key factors and by forming the 51×51 matrix, the occurrence effect rate of each condition on the occurring or not occurring of other conditions was evaluated by experts. Then, by using the Scenario wizard software, 3 strong scenarios, 12 scenarios by high probability, and 270 weak scenarios were extracted and at the end, the scenarios by high probability were examined in this study. result of this study indicates that 13 key factors are the main and effective actors on the future condition of housing planning of low-income groups of Tabriz metropolis .

Today, achieving sustainable growth and development is one of the major issues for countries, especially in developing countries. In Iran, although regional development programs have been developed with the aim of growth and development and creating a balance for specific and deprived regions, but for various reasons, they have achieved less of their ultimate goals. Due to its unique features and potentials, West Azerbaijan Province is one of the important and strategic regions that is of great importance in regional and national development planning and programs. In this regard, this study seeks to evaluate and analyze the characteristics of regional development in this province. First, with the leveling of regional development, the position of the counties in terms of development has been determined, and the results show that there is regional inequality in the development process of the province. Then, based on the characteristics of the spatial and geographical structure of the province, the development of counties with an intra-regional approach in the form of proposed areas have been evaluated and analyzed. The findings indicate that the south of the province is in a more favorable situation in terms of development indicators and in contrast to most deprived counties are located in the north of the province. Finally, considering the current situation and in accordance with the potentials and limitations of the regions, suggestions have been made for balanced regional development.

In recent decades, urban areas have undergone many changes due to increasing urbanization. Today, with the help of multi-temporal remote sensing images, it is possible to monitor land use changes over decades. High resolution satellite images provide great opportunities to produce urban LU/LC maps. However, such images are expensive and their access are limited. Hence, medium-resolution satellite images such as Sentinel-2 has been widely used in urban applications. Supervised image classifications techniques need accurate training data to detect urban features. Training data collection is difficult and time-consuming and is not easily possible for historical images. Alternatively, voluntary geographic information (VGI) has become widely available from online sources such as OpenStreetMap (OSM), and it may provide a useful source of training data in image classification. This study aims evaluate the efficiency of VGI in classification sentinel-2 time series images (for the years 1394 and 1397) to identification LU changes have been done. For this purpose, the accuracy of classification of Sentinel 2 images with training samples obtained from voluntary geographical information with the accuracy of classification of the mentioned images with training samples obtained from Google Earth images has been compared by T-test at 95% significance level. The results of T-test for 1394 and 1397 show that there is no significant difference between the data set of Google Earth images and VGI. Therefore, the results confirmed that the use of VGI training samples provides good results in monitoring the land use changes.