فصلنامه آسیب شناسی درمانگاهی دامپزشکی
سال چهاردهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 56، زمستان 1399)

Radiography with contrast media is a diagnostic imaging technique with high-resolution that plays a prominent role in showing the transit time of gastrointestinal system. The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the effects of diphenoxylate and loperamide on the transit time of contrast media from the gastrointestinal in cat. The study was performed on twenty healthy female cat. The cats were divided into four equal groups. The first group (control) was received ketamine with diazepam, 40 min before administration of the contrast media. The second group was received diphenoxylate 0.1 mg/kg, the third group loperamide 0.1 mg/kg, and the fourth group loperamide 0.2 mg/kg, 30 min before administration of contrast media. Tranquilizer drugs were administered to all groups. Then the radiography was performed at times zero, 20, 40 and 60 min, and every hour until reaching the contrast media to colon. All groups that were received drug had a significant difference at the beginning of emptying with control group (p < 0.05). The mean total transit time of the stomach was 52 min for the control group, the diphenoxylate 120, the loperamide 0.1 mg/kg 156 and for the loperamide 0.2 mg/kg 204 min respectively. There was a significant difference between the control and the drug-receiving groups as well as the two groups of diphenoxylate and loperamide 0.2 mg/kg at the time of complete stomach emptying (p < 0.05). In conclusion, it was showed that Loperamide with dosage 0.2 mg/kg had the most delay effect in emptying of the gastrointestinal tract in cat.

Some herbs have a wide range of beneficial properties, including stimulating and strengthening the immune system, their use in fish farms improves growth. Sixty healthy rainbow trout were selected with 150 g weight. They were randomly divided into 2 groups of 30 each with 3 replications. The essential oil was added to the daily diet with 10 g / kg feed and after 3 months the fish were assayed and sampled. some blood parameters was performed. The results showed that the control group had lower food conversion ratio (p < 0.05). Also, consumption of essential oil at this dose had negative effect on liver function and liver enzymes significantly increased (p < 0.05). Total protein, albumin, and blood glucose were decreased and uric acid and creatinine were significantly increased (p < 0.05). The blood cells were significantly decreased. In the histological examination around the central veins of liver was severe degeneration. Evaluation of blood biochemical values showed that AST, ALT in the treatment group significantly increased and total protein and albumin in the treatment group decreased significantly (P <0.05). Uric acid was significantly higher in the treated fish than in the control group (P <0.05).oral administration of Pistacia atlantica essential oil at this dose is not recommended in rainbow trout and causes tissue damage.Until it is decided whether or not to consume or conditionally consume these essential oils and to increase the efficiency of production and productivity in the country by increasing the clinical and localization of the country in fish farms.

Hypercholesterolemia can caused infertility with producing side effects such as the production of free radicals.One of these useful herbal remedies Scrophularia striata which native name is Tashnehdari.This study aimed to investigate the effect of Scrophularia striata extracts on histomorphometric changes of testicular tissue in rats fed a high-calorie diet. In this experimental study, 32 male rats were assigned into 4 groups including control, diet induced hypercholesterolemia (DIH), DIH+S. striata (400 mg/kg) and S.striata group: The animals in this group first received a normal diet for 4 weeks and then were fed with the extract of Scrophularia striata (400 mg /kg) for 4 weeks by the above method. At the end of the period, the rats were first anesthetized with a ketamine-xylazine combination, and after taking blood from the heart to measure blood cholesterol levels, it was euthanized and the right testicles of all animals were isolated and transferred to a tissue laboratory for tissue smear preparation and histomorphometric study. Data were analyzed by SPSS16. The results showed that after consuming a high-calorie diet in the DIH group, body weight, testicular weight, and blood cholesterol level increased significantly compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Also consuming a high-fat diet reduces the number of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and spermatozoid in the DIH groups. After consuming Scrophularia striata, a relative increase in the number of the above cells was observed in the DIH + Scrophularia striata group (p < 0.05). Therefore, oral consumption of Scrophularia striata following a high-calorie diet can have a protective effects

The present experiment was performed to compare the effect of different levels of dietary threonine on performance, carcass characteristics and immune system and blood factors in Japanese quailunder heat stress. For the experiment, 300 one-day-old Japanese quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were used in a completely randomized design with six levels of threonine in 6 treatments and 5 replications, each replication containing 10 chicks. The percentages of threonine in the diet of the experimental treatments were: 1) 0.82 %, 2) 0.92 %, 3) 1.02 %, 4) 1.12 %, 5) 1.22 % and 6) 1.32 %. The results showed that the increase in body weight and feed conversion ratio improved significantly in treatments 5 and 6 (p < 0.001). Levels of 1.12 and 1.22% of threonine in the diet had a significant effect on carcass percentage (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the weight of lymphatic organs and the titer of antibodies produced against SRBC (sheep red blood cells) in the treatments (p>0.05). Dietary threonine levels had a significant effect on serum uric acid, HDL (high-density lipoprotein) and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) concentrations (p < 0.05). Liver enzyme levels were not significantly different in any of the treatments (p < 0.05). The results showed that increasing threonine in quail diet up to 1.22% can have beneficial effects on performance and improvement of carcass characteristics under heat stress conditions.

Mastitis is one of the economic diseases of the livestock industry, especially breeding dairy cows around the world. The most important bacterium that causes peripheral mastitis is Escherichia coli which can cause mild to severe mastitis. The Effect of antibiotics on mastitis caused by Escherichia coli is one of the dangers of the livestock industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of marbofloxacin as a new drug and compare it with the effects of enrofloxacin on grade I and II mastitis. In this study, 90 cows with mastitis grade I and II were identified and divided into three groups of control, anrofloxacin and marbofloxacin treatments. The cows were then treated and cows that had not been healed for up to 5 days were considered as untreated cows. In the present study 28 cows were treated with marbofloxacin and 24 cases were treated in the Enrofloxacin group and 2 in the control group. The results of statistical analysis showed that the effect of marbofloxacin was statistically significant compared to the two groups. It is recommended to use marbofloxacin as an effective drug in the treatment of mastitis in cows with mastitis I and II as compared to anrofloxacin.Conflict of interest: None declared.

Although a significant change in the blood pressure may be observed in certain diseases such as equine colic the measuring of blood pressure is not common in clinical examination of animals.This study aimed to determine the normal value of the systolic and diastolic blood pressures of Iranian Arab Horses.The present study was done in fifty apparently health Iranian Arab horses which were older than 6 months in Ahvaz. After restraining of horses and history taking, recording of vital signs measuring of the height of withers and the circumference of the tail, and recording the blood pressure were conducted by child sphygmomanometer.For the recording of the blood pressure the cuff was placed around the base of horsetail. The measuring of blood pressure was repeated with at least two minutes interval and the average of these values were recorded as the systolic and diastolic pressure.The collected data were analyzed by SPSS16 software. One way analysis of variance the independent sample t-test, and the Pearson correlation index were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the Mean±SEM of the systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 123±1.8and 69.6±1.7 mmHg respectively.also the relationship between withers height and the diastolic blood pressure was direct and significant.‌The results of the present study showed that the blood pressure measurement through auscultatory method in the field can be conducted easily. Moreover it was found that the obtained recorded measurements through this method can be compared with values presented by other methods which required more facilities and tools

Sildenafil citrate is an inhibitor of the enzyme phosphodiesterase 5, dextromethorphan is an antitussive with weak opioid effects, and chlorpheniramine is a first-generation antihistamine. Since cardiovascular complications related to all three drugs have been reported, the aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of cardiac damage index enzymes and tropovinin I following co-administration of sildenafil with dextromethorphan and chlorpheniramine. Forty male Wistar rats were studied in 8 groups, one control group and the rest in the treatment group; Drugs sildenafil citrate (100 mg / kg), dextromethorphan (20 mg / kg), chlorpheniramine (20 mg / kg), dextromethorphan + chlorpheniramine, sildenafil + dextromethorphan, sildenafil + chlorpheniramine, sildenafil + rosemethor + dextrometer , Received food. The results showed that administration of sildenafil to rats did not cause statistically significant changes in serum cardiac injury indices compared with the control group (p < 0.05); The amount of CK-MB also decreased compared to the control group. On the other hand, following administration of chlorpheniramine and dextromethorphan to rats, either alone or in combination, serum levels of AST, LDH and CK-MB increased statistically significantly. Administration of chlorpheniramine caused a significant increase in LDH (p < 0.01) and CK-MB (p < 0.001) compared to the control group and administration of dextromethorphan increased the activity of the studied enzymes which increased AST (p < 0.05). ) And CK-MB (p < 0.001) were significant. Co-administration of sildenafil with dextromethorphan and sildenafil with chlorpheniramine or all three together increased the activity of all three enzymes in the heart damage index.

Fractures are important orthopaedic problems of birds of prey or raptors which are mainly caused by trauma. An adult female golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) was referred to the surgery division of the faculty of veterinary medicine, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in November 2019. Traumatic injury of the upper left wing area was detected in clinical and orthopaedic examination and comminuted fracture of the humeral diaphysis was observed in radiography. Considering the type and anatomic location of the fracture, surgical treatment was conducted by means of internal fixation and intramedullary pinning. Surgical exposure of the humeral diaphysis was achieved by dorsal approach and a suitably sized intramedullary pin was inserted in a retrograde fashion inside the medullary cavity. Bone healing was evaluated post-operatively using serial radiographs. Complete bone healing occurred after 71 days and the intramedullary pin was removed. The bird returned to its normal pre-injury state following treatment and no complications resulting from the fracture or its surgical treatment was observed. Successful treatment of fractures in birds of prey is possible by adherence to principles of orthopaedic surgery and considering the unique features of these animals leading to the protection of these valuable species of wildlife in our country.