مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام
سال بیست و نهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 126، فروردین 1400)

The sound pressure levels caused by work environment noise, along with the effects and ways of reducing it, are one of the most important issues in the manufacturing industry. Noise is the most common pollutant in the industrial environment, which can cause many disorders in various organs of the body, such as the auditory and vascular systems. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between different levels of sound pressure and the use of hearing protective equipment with a perceived risk of hearing loss in two textile industries.

The required information was collected using a questionnaire consisting of 5 dimensions and 22 items. Furthermore, the TES1358 sound analyzer was utilized in the hearing area of employees and at work stations under ISO9612. The questionnaires were distributed among all 150 employees, and 137 questionnaires were received for analysis. Spearman correlation coefficient and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were employed to analyze the data.

Given the increasing value of the indirect effect to the direct effect of using hearing protective equipment, and regarding the relationship between the different sound pressure levels and perceived risk of hearing loss, the individualschr('39') knowledge about hearing protective equipment plays a facilitating role in this regard. However, the individualschr('39') knowledge about noise does not affect this issue.   

The use of hearing protective equipment considering its mediating role in the relationship between the different sound pressure levels and perceived risk of hearing loss reduces the risk of hearing loss significantly. Therefore, it should be necessary to use protective equipment in the industries.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of attachment-based therapy in reducing slippage, recurrence, cravings, and continued abstinence in drug-dependent borderline personality disorder patients.

This interventional semi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design with a control group and quarterly follow-up. The statistical population of the study was all people with substance abuse and borderline personality disorders who were referred to addiction treatment centers in Kermanshah, Iran. In total, 40 individuals were selected using the available sampling method, and they were then divided into attachment therapy (n=20) and control groups (n=20). The data were collected using the Revised Adult Attachment Scale, Borderline Personality Disorder Questionnaire, McMullin Addiction Thought Scale, and a researcher-made questionnaire measuring slippage, recurrence, cravings, and abstinence based on attachment by Jahanbakhsh et al., 2011. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 23) using multivariate analysis of covariance to investigate the gender and mean differences between the groups.

The findings showed changes in the rate of slippage, recurrence, craving, and abstinence at pretest and posttest in both experimental and control groups. Moreover, there was a significant difference between males and females regarding the recurrence rate, which was also significant in the persistence stage. However, no significant difference was observed between males and females regarding slippage, craving, and continued abstinence.

Attachment-based therapy had effects on reducing slippage, recurrence, and craving, as well as increasing continued abstinence.

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in children. The family and social environment can correlate with the genetic predisposition to asthma and affect the timing and severity of the clinical view of the disease. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the structural relationships of inflexibility and parental psychopathological features on childrenchr('39')s asthma symptoms with the mediating role of childrenchr('39')s anxiety.

This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 200 parents of children with asthma and their children referred to the Asthma and Allergy Treatment Clinic of Shahid Rahimi Hospital in Khorramabad, Iran. The participants were selected using the convenience sampling method. Subsequently, they were investigated in terms of psychological inflexibility, parental psychopathological features, childrenchr('39')s anxiety, and severity of pediatric asthma symptoms. The data were collected using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire; Anxiety, Depression, Stress Questionnaire; Spence Childrenchr('39')s Anxiety Questionnaire Parental Version, and Spirometry. Furthermore, the data were analyzed in SPSS (version 23) and Amos software using the Pearson correlation method.

Based on the results, parental psychological inflexibility had a significant and positive correlation with childrenchr('39')s asthma symptoms (β=0.47; P<0.01). Furthermore, a significantly positive relationship was observed between parental psychopathological features and the severity of asthma symptoms in children (β=0.25; P<0.01). Psychological inflexibility and the psychopathological features of parents have an indirect effect on the severity of childrenchr('39')s asthma symptoms through childrenchr('39')s anxiety.

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that psychological inflexibility and parental psychopathological features have a mediating role in childrenchr('39')s anxiety by affecting the severity of childrenchr('39')s asthma symptoms. Moreover, the assumed model had a favorable fit in this study.

Peripheral Blood Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) has been recently suggested as a prognostic determinant in cardiac ischemic events, followed by mortality. The present study aimed to evaluate the predictive power of PLR in predicting the severity of coronary artery involvement in patients presented with the acute coronary syndrome.

This cross-sectional study included 520 patients who were referred to Taleghani Hospital, Urmia, Iran, with the acute coronary syndrome and underwent coronary angiography. The information of patients’ coronary angiography was investigated; moreover, the severity and extent of coronary artery involvement were determined based on GENSINI criteria. Finally, the data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 21).

There was a significant and positive correlation between PLR and coronary artery involvement based on the GENSINI criteria (P=0.005). Furthermore, according to the multivariate linear regression model, PLR was an independent predictor of the severity and coronary artery involvement according to GENSINI criteria among the patients with the acute coronary syndrome (P=0.049).

The PLR seems to be an independent predictor of the severity of coronary artery involvement in patients admitted with acute coronary artery disease.

Dermatophytosis is a fungal complication of keratinized skin, hair, and nail tissues, which is caused by the establishment of dermatophytosis in the tissues. Attempts for tapping and discriminating the subtypes, as well as studying the possible association of specific species with clinical forms of trichophyton isolates using RAPD-PCR with random primers is a useful tool for typing and differentiating the fungal species. This study aimed to investigate the genomic polymorphism of Trichophyton rubrum isolated from keratinized sources using the RAPD-PCR method.

In this study, 60 dermatophytosis specimens were isolated from dermatophilic patients aged 12 to 45 years referred to Khatam-al-Anbia Hospital in Tehran province and Qods Hospital in Markazi province, Iran. The samples were inoculated in Sabourodextrose agar or microbial agar medium. A total of 30 positive samples were obtained, and specific kits were used to extract trichophyton rubrum DNA. The PCR was performed using specific primers, and the RAPD-PCR method was employed for genomic analysis. Investigation of genomic polymorphism is a valuable genetic marker in the evaluation of genome structure of Trichophyton rubrum.

A total of 30 isolates of Trichophyton rubrum were isolated after screening the clinical specimens that were identified based on morphological, microscopic, and biochemical tests. These strains were divided into nine genomic groups, some of which were found in several groups, indicating the genotypic similarity of the fungi of the same species at different locations. Among the identified clusters, cluster nine obtained the highest frequency, which included 12 isolates with common kinship characteristics.

This study investigated the genomic polymorphism of Trichophyton rubrum isolated from dermatophytes specimens of patients with dermatophytosis in Tehran, Iran, using the RAPD-PCR technique with a primer. According to the results, distance and age group had a significant effect. Furthermore, genetic diversity can play a special role in the transmission and pathogenicity of this microorganism.

Some plants, such as Scrophularia striata, has been traditionally used for the treatment of infection and ulcer among people living in Zagros District. Previous studies revealed the beneficial effect of hydroalcoholic and water extract of Scrophularia striata on ethanolic induced oxidative stress and stomach ulcer in rats. This study aimed to conduct a bioinformatics analysis to investigate the effect of linalool on the prevention of Helicobacter Pylori VacA protein activity.

DNA and protein sequences of linalool of Arabidopsis thaliana and VacA gene sequence of Helicobacter pylori were obtained from the NCBI. The alignment of DNA and protein sequence of VacA and linalool was achieved by Clustalw 2 software. Furthermore, all conserved motif and domains were searched using the MEME online software. The phylogenetic tree was drawn by Mega 5 software. The ExpasyPred3D Swiss-Model, and Galaxy Web software were used to predict the third structure and molecular docking based on homology.

Linalool protein sequences in all plants have three motifs (100-300 amino acids) based on the NCBI. The VacA protein has three types of the second cytoplasm, membrane, and kinase domain. The best molecular docking model was obtained based on the highest level of interaction (21.0) and accuracy (0.133) between linalool and VacA protein. The results showed that some molecular groups, such as aliphatic, polar, and hydrophilic, were found in both VacA and linalool protein structure. The presence of aliphatic and hydrophilic groups in VacA protein could give it the ability to pass through the cells by lymphocyte cells and caused pathogenesis if they could escape from degradation. On the other hand, the presence of these groups in linalool could block the VacA protein effect.

Bioinformatics analysis showed that linalool eliminated the effects of Helicobacter pylori. Furthermore, the results of this study could be used as a scientific basis for future studies to evaluate the effect of each ingredient of Scrophularia striata, especially linalool, on Helicobacter pylori.

Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a member of the Lamiaceae family used in nutrition, health, and industrial products. Flaxseed accumulates many biologically active compounds, including linolenic acid, linoleic acid, lignans, cyclic peptides, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and cyanogenic glycosides. Recent research suggests that flaxseed lowers cholesterol, stabilizes blood sugar, prevents osteoporosis, helps with weight loss, strengthens the immune system, and prevents cancer. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical, antioxidant, and phenolic content of extracts of various flaxseed solvents and the biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using these extracts.

In order to evaluate the antioxidant power and phenolic content of flaxseeds, flaxseeds extract was extracted using three different solvents, namely ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and normal hexane by the soxhlet method. Phytochemical tests were used to identify chemical compounds. Following that, for the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles, HAuCl4, 3H2O, and AgNO3 salts, as well as dichloromethane extract were used in descending order. Moreover, the characterization of synthesized nanoparticles was performed by various techniques, including UltraViolet-Vis spectrophotometry. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle size analysis techniques were used to examine the size and distribution extent of nanoparticles.

After extracting different extracts of flaxseed, various phytochemical tests and different reagents were used to qualitatively identify the secondary metabolites in the extract. The results showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, and steroids, as well as a lack of tannins and saponins. The highest and lowest phenolic compounds were related to the extract of dichloromethane and n-hexane of flaxseeds, respectively. The highest antioxidant properties for the extract were obtained from flaxseeds using dichloromethane solvent. After the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles, the colloidal solutions of the prepared nanoparticles became purple and yellow, respectively. The absorption spectra of the gold and silver nanoparticles showed maximum wavelengths of 525 and 420 nm, respectively, which indicated the characteristic wavelengths for these nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy studies showed that the synthesized gold and silver nanoparticles had a spherical shape with uniform distribution and mean diameters of 40 and 90 nm, respectively.

The results revealed that the use of different solvents was effective for the extraction of total phenolic content. There was also a direct relationship between the amount of total phenol and the results of measuring the antioxidant capacity of the extracts. Moreover, gold and silver nanoparticles were easily prepared using flaxseeds extract.

Gas5 lncRNA is a long non-coded RNA that is involved in regulating gene expression. Studies have shown that the expression of GAS5 lncRNA is reduced in the serum of diabetic patients. Considering the role of GAS5 lncRNA, the present study aimed to investigate the association between rs13476 polymorphism in the gene encoding this lncRNA with the incidence of type 2 diabetes in Isfahan, Iran.

This case-control study was conducted on 200 healthy individuals and 200 patients with type 2 diabetes who were randomly selected from the target population. The individualschr('39') genotypes were determined for the polymorphism using the PCR-RFLP method, and some samples were sequenced to confirm the results. Afterward, the frequency of genotypes, and consequently, the frequency of alleles was analyzed in order to obtain the relationship of this polymorphism with risk of type 2 diabetes, gender, and disease incidence.

After amplification of 380 bp fragment containing rs13476 polymorphism in all samples and then enzymatic digestion by BCCI, all samples showed TT genotype. Moreover, the sequence results of a number of samples confirmed the results of enzymatic digestion. The frequency of TT genotype in the target population was 400 cases (100%), and the frequency of T allele was 800 cases. On the other hand, allele A was not observed in the target population.

Due to the lack of association between polymorphism and risk of diabetes in this population, this polymorphism cannot be used to screen diabetic patients in Isfahan, Iran. Further studies are required to evaluate the importance of polymorphism studied in different populations.

Gastritis is one of the most common diseases affecting the stomach. Helicobacter pylori infection could lead to DNA damage in gastric epithelial cells, followed by error-prone DNA repair pathways that increase the accumulation of damage at the site of DNA double-stranded breaks, exacerbate genome instability, and facilitate the emergence of gastric cancer. This study aimed to examine the expression level of ATM, POLM, and TP53 genes involving in the DNA Damage Response and the cell cycle arrest in the gastric precancerous stage.

Among 180 gastric biopsy specimens, 30 samples taken from patients with moderate chronic gastritis infected by H. Pylori were regarded as the case group, and 30 other samples taken from non-infected patients with mild chronic gastritis were regarded as control. Following that, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis was performed. Afterward, the expression levels of ATM, POLM, and TP53 genes were evaluated by the Real-Time PCR method. Ethics code: 98-02-27-43392

The ATM, POLM, and TP53 genes in the cases showed a 4.07, 3.35, and 5.13 increase in the gene expression at the transcriptional level, compared to the controls.

In general, ATM, POLM, and TP53 genes showed a higher increased expression level in the case group, compared to the controls, which might indicate the activation of noted genes after H. pylori infection. This may subsequently activate the error-prone DNA repair and non-homologous recombination pathways.

 Air pollution is the main factor and modulation of cardiovascular diseases in urban societies. The potentially harmful effects of acute and chronic air pollution exposure have serious consequences on disease and mortality. This study amid to investigate the correlation between cardiovascular hemodynamic parameters of perimenopausal women during an exhaustive activity in air polluted and non-air polluted environments.

 This semi-experimental study randomly investigated 60 women (age range: 46.62 years; body mass index: 28.57±3.85) at the perimenopausal stage who were living in an air polluted environment (n=30 in the experimental group) and non-air polluted environment (n=30 in the control group). Furthermore, different cardiovascular hemodynamic parameters were evaluated before and after the Bruce test as an exhaustive activity.
Ethics code: Ir.umz.rec.1397.019

 There is a direct correlation between myocardial oxygen consumption and maximal oxygen consumption (P<0.05) during an exhaustive activity in the air polluted environment. Moreover, the independent t-test showed that air pollution significantly affected the pulse of oxygen (P<0.05).

 The findings of this study have shown the air pollution effects on cardiovascular hemodynamic parameters, particularly myocardial oxygen consumption. In addition, it was found that air pollution exposure and performing an exhaustive activity in such environments would increase the cardio workload and the myocardial oxygen consumption.