Razavi International Journal of Medicine
Volume:6 Issue: 1, Winter 2018

Context: 

Despite the improvements that have been made in treatment of breast cancer, upper-limb lymphedema is still an unsolved problem in the treatment of women with breast cancer. Upper extremity lymphedema may accompany with decreased in shoulder range of motion and strength, and also pain. Nowadays, exercise training acts as a treatment method to control lymphedema in breast cancer survivors. Therefore, this study reviews the results of the applied studies in this field to survey the influences of exercise training on lymphedema and to determine its related symptoms in women with breast cancer.

Data Sources:

 Literature investigation was conducted on August 1st, 2016 using PUBMED, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Google Scholar databases. Study Selection: Randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials published in English were included. Twelve trails met inclusion criteria.

Data Extraction: 

Data were extracted in a standardized manner into the predefined table. Then, quality of the studies was evaluated using the guide to community preventive services tool.

It can be seen that a few studies have examined the effect of exercise training on lymphedema to conduct a review study. So, lymphedema continues to be a problem for breast cancer survivors. According to most studies, aerobic, resistance and stretching training programs had no influence on the volume and circumference of arm in lymphedema cancer patients, but the training had a noticeable influence on quality of life

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of themost common disorders of reproductive age, and it is reported that 90% - 85% of the people are suffering fromthis disorder. Among themultiple symptoms of mental premenstrual syndrome, dysphoria, irritability, tension, anxiety and physical symptoms of bloating and breast pain are more common symptoms that can interfere with personal, family and community relationships.

This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of the symptoms of PMS (physical, psychological and social) and the level of self-esteemin girls with PMS in 2013.

A cross-sectional study was performed on 200 girl high-school students of Shiraz city who had PMS. The study tools in- cluded demographic questionnaire, premenstrual symptoms, screening tool (PSST), (completed in two consecutive months) and Cooper Smith questionnaire. Data was analyzed by applying SPSS (version 16) and descriptive statistics.

Themean age of the study population was 16.341.06. About 50.5 percent were within 14-16 years old. 11.433.89, 12.87 4.49, and 39.28  16.2 were the mean scores of physical, mental and total symptoms in girls with PMS, respectively. Moderate and high levels of self-esteemwere reported 53% and 47% respectively among the patients with PMS.

The results showed that high self-esteem is decreased in patients with premenstrual syndrome. Due to the mood disorders, the subjects may avoid their perfection tendency and intensify their negative self-concept leading to low self-esteem. Different treatments, particularly psychological remedies, are required for those suffering fromPMS.

Life satisfaction is a subjective and unique concept to every human being which constitutes an essential component of subjective well-being.

The purpose of the present studywas identifying the patternof relationship betweenattachment styles, life satisfaction and perfectionismin university students.

The statistical society included all students of Azad university of Roodehen who were studying at this university in 2014 - 15 academic year. The sample size was 271 undergraduate students who were selected by stratification randomsampling fromall faculties except faculty of education and counseling and also Psychology. The datawere collected using life satisfaction scale, collins and reid’s adult attachment styles and terry and short’s positive and negative perfectionismscale.

The findings showed that positive and negative perfectionism variables influence on explanation of life satisfaction changes. Anxious attachment through negative perfectionisminfluences directly and indirectly on explanation of life satisfaction changes. Also avoidant attachment through positive and negative perfectionisminfluences directly and indirectly on explanation of life satisfaction changes. However, secure attachment neither directly nor indirectly influences on explanation of life satisfaction changes.

The resultsof this studyhave several important implications for counselorswhoworkwithperfectionism. Counselors should consider perfectionismas amultidimensional construct with both healthy and unhealthy dimensions rather than as only problematic construct.

Gastric cancer has a highmortality rate and often has a poor treatment outcome. The HER2/neu gene target therapy has been known as a potential way for treatment.

The goal of our study was assessment the relation between chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) and immunohis- tochemistry (IHC)methods in determining the best diagnosticmethod for gastric cancer.

In this historical cohort study, 50 gastric cancer samples were analyzed by CISH and IHC. The relation between clinical- pathological parameters of HER2/neu was also analyzed. Alive patients were followed from 2009 through 2012 for the main out- comes (mortality). The results of these twomethods, in terms of sex, age, tumor size, grading, staging, tumor location,metaplasia, presence of necrosis and ulceration, vascular invasion, the TNM system, mucin or signet producing adenocarcinoma cells and pa- tient survival rates were compared.

There was no significant difference between IHC and CISH regarding the sex, age, tumor size, grading, staging, tumor lo- cation,metaplasia, presence of necrosis and ulceration, vascular invasion, the TNMsystem,mucin or signet producing adenocarci- noma cells and patient survival rates. Comparison of TNMscores by these twomethods showed no significant relationship between IHC and staging, but a statistically significant difference between CISH and different N staging, (P < 0.05) was assessed.

Comparison between IHC and CISH showed the only significant relationship between CISH and different N staging. Therefore, low amplified CISH was a better diagnosticmethod for gastric cancer, compared to low expression in IHC.

Pancreatic hydatid cyst (PHC), a rare parasitic infectious disease, is caused by the larvae of Echinococus granulosus. Common human organs affected by the hydatid cyst are the liver and lunge, but it rarely involves other organs such as the pancreas.

A rare case is reported of a patient with a pancreatic head hydatid cyst. The result of the patient’s preliminary serological surveyswas negative and the pancreatic lesionwas suspected to be a pseudocyst or cystic pancreatic neoplasms. Follow- ing complete excision of the lesion, the pathological analysis of the surgical specimen confirmed hydatid disease.

Pancreatic hydatid cysts may be confused with more common lesions of the pancreas such as pseudocysts and cys- tic pancreatic neoplasms. Physicians should always consider this disease in the differential diagnosis, especially for patients from endemic areas.

Inflammatory bowel disease is a disorder with unknown origin in which environment, genetics, and immunity play a part. Although colonoscopy and biopsy are expensive and invasive, are used to monitoring the mucosal inflammation. Fecal calprotectin is a non-invasive test which has attracted a lot of attention. We aimed to determine the relation of fecal calprotectin and clinical activity of ulcerative colitis.

This cross-sectional study took place with the confirmation of ethics committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sci- ences in 2014 - 2015. Patients with diagnosis of ulcerative colitis were included; demographic information was recorded and clinical activity of disease was evaluated. Fecal calprotectin was measured by the quantitative ELISA method and results of laboratory studies and clinical examinations were analyzed by SPSS software version 16. Level of significance was considered less than 0.05.

Seventy patients were studied (male = 56%, average age = 38  15). 25 patients (36.2%) were newly diagnosed. The average period of disease was 4.1 ± 5 years. 25 individuals (35.7%) had mild, 19 individuals (27.1%) had moderate, and 26 individuals (37.1%) had severe disease. Averages of fecal calprotectin in mild, moderate, and severe disease were 132  111, 119  44 and 141  78 g/ g, respectively. Averages of fecal calprotectin in mild and moderate disease (P = 0.874), in mild and severe (P = 0.925) and in moderate and severe disease (P = 0.662) were not significantly different.

Although fecal calprotectin in severe ulcerative colitis is higher, it has no relation with disease clinical activity.

The aim of present study was a prediction of the likelihood of marriage and non-marriage in divorced women based on personality traits and psychological well-being.

The method of this research was descriptive and correlational and statistical society consisted of all divorced women who are a member of supporting the association of divorced women in Region 2 of Tehran in the winter and spring of 2015 and 2016. 200 persons were chosen by purposive and available sampling. For data collection, the participants responded to the Reef’s psychological well-being questionnaires and NEO-Five Factor Inventory. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that among the psychological well-being dimensions, the environmental dominance dimension predicts the likelihood of remarriage positively (p <0.01) and autonomy dimension negatively (p < 0.05).

Among personality factors, agreeableness and openness to experience dimensions predict the likelihood of remarriage positively (p <0.05) and neuroticism negatively (p <0.05).

Betrayal inmarriage is amoving issue for couples and families.

The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of group reality therapy in rumination and self-esteemof women with the experience of betrayal fromtheir husbands.

Researchmethod was semi-experimental with a pre-test post-test design. The statistical population of the research con- sisted of women who had visited consultation centers in Tehran and had requested for consultation services. Using a convenience non-randomsamplingmethod, 30 individualswere selected and divided into two groups: experimental group (15 individuals) and control group (15 individuals). Data collectionwas done based on the rumination questionnaire designed by NolanHoksma aswell asMaro and Rozenberg’s self-esteemquestionnaire.

Findings showed the average of rumination in women with the experience of betrayal fromtheir husbands has changed, leading to a decrease in rumination. Moreover, teaching reality therapy helps increase in women’s self-esteem(P < 0.05).

Basedonthefindingsof this research, it canbe concludedthatgroupreality therapyhas apositive effectonrumination and self-esteemin women with the experience of betrayal.

The aim of this study was to compare the apical sealing ability of cold lateral condensation and Obtura II by using fluid filtrationmethod.

Thirty four single-canal mandibular premolars with mature apices and apical curvature less than 20 degrees were se- lected. For obtaining complete similarity among samples, all teeth were shortened to 15 mm by cutting the remained crown. For canal preparation, themanual step-back technique by K-files was used. The teeth were divided into two experimental groups (each group included 15 teeth), positive controls (n = 2), and negative controls (n = 2). Teeth in group 1 and 2 were obturated with cold lateral condensation and Obtura II, respectively. To allow the sealer to set, all teeth were stored at 100% humidity and 37°C for the next seven days. For measurement of apical leakage, fluid filtration method was used. The amount of leakage in each canal was recorded as L/min/cmH2O. Independent T-test was used for statistical analysis.

Teeth obturated with cold lateral condensation showed significantlymore leakage than those obturated with Obtura II (P value = 0.022).

Obtura IImay obtain better apical seal than cold lateral condensation.