Razavi International Journal of Medicine
Volume:5 Issue: 1, Winter 2017

Breast cancer is themost prevalent cancer and the second cause of death among women around the world. Inmany cancers, including breast cancer, Fatty acid synthase (FASN) gene expression is increased significantly. In breast cancer cell lines, expression of FASN is higher in HER2 positive cell line like SKBR3 than the others. FASN is the key enzyme for fatty acid synthesis de novo pathway and it is producing palmitate which is necessary for cellmembrane formation. Cichoriumintybus is amedicinal plant that effectively leads to inhibition of fatty acid synthase and thus reduces the percentage of survival of cancer cell lines.

The aimof this studywas to evaluate the effect ofmethanol extract of Chicoriumintybus root on percentage of survival in SKBR3 cell line.

Human breast cancer SKBR3 cell line was cultured in DMEM medium. Methanol extract of Cichorium intybus root was extracted and different dilutions (200, 300, 400, 500 and 600g/mL) were added to cell culture. Cell viability was quantitated by MTT assay after 24, 48 and 72 hours.

Cichorium intybus could decrease cell viability. The effects of extract on cell viability were observed after 24, 48 and 72 hours on SKBR3 cell line and IC50 was 800, 400 and 300 after 24, 48 and 72 hours of treatment, respectively.

Our study shows thatmethanol extract of Cichoriumintybus has cytotoxic effects on tumor cells. This is a pilotwork for further evaluation in the future.

Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is a rare condition but one of the most important ocular side effects of sildenafil.

We presented a 65-year- old man with the history of sudden painless loss of vision in both eyes following taking sildenafil.

Fundus examination revealed blurred margin and elevated disc in both eyes. Visual field defects were bilateral inferior altitudinal defects, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) displayed a prominent nerve fiber layer edema in both eyes. We asserted that use of sildenafil may lead to reduce blood pressure and interfere with microcirculation in the optic nerve head. So, the potential risks of unregulated over-the-counter sexual enhancement supplements such as sildenafil must be educated to the patients using these supplements.

Age of menarche is a sign of the beginning of the ability to reproduce and is usually a turning point for the development and maturity and puberty. Regulatory factors in the onset of menarche age are not well understood, but in developed countries, it is thought that about half of the variations in the onset age of menarche is associated with genetic factors.

To determine the association between menarche age, birth weight and the mother and older sister’s age of menarche; the subjects of this study were Shirazifemaleprimary, middle and high schools students in 2014 - 2015.

This is a cross-sectional study, which was done on 2000 girls aged 9 - 18 years. In the first stage, sampling of schools in 4 regions was randomly assigned to clusters. Then, the students in each school were selected purposively. The questionnaires filled in by the participants contained demographic items, menarche age, and birth weight. Data were analyzed through SPSS (version16), using Chi-square test and ANOVA.

The majority of the subjects (n: 1294, 64.7%) had normal menarche age (11 - 14 years old).There was no relationship between menarche age and birth weight (P: 0.67).However, it was significantly associated with the students’ mother and older sister’s age of menarche (P: 0.001).

According to the findings, menarche age was within the normal range (11 - 14 years) in the majority of the subjects. There was a significant positive association between menarche age in both mothers and girls. In other words; girls reach menarche age earlier than their mothers. Thus, and mother and older sister’s menarche age can be a proper criterion to predictit in girls.

It has been well documented that reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) has adverse effect on the outcome of patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) after mitral valve repair (MVr). However, the best method for early detection of LV dysfunction in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with MR still has not been established. Recently two dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE) has been used to identify subclinical alterations of myocardial deformation in many clinical settings.

Our aim was to assess the value of regional and global LV two dimensional strains to predict postoperative LV dysfunction after MVr.

Twenty six patients with severe MR were evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups according to their postoperative LVEF difference, those with a post-op LVEF reduction of < 10% at 3 months (Group 1), and those with post-op LVEF reduction of  10% at 3 months (Group 2). All data were measured after 3 months follow-up and compared with pre-operative measures.

The occurrence of post-operative LV dysfunction was significantly related to left ventricular end-systolic dimension index (LVESDI), NYHA functional class and global longitudinal strain (GLS). A cut-off value of 19% for GLS could predict post-op LV dysfunction with a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 77%. In addition a cut-off value of - 17.7% for long axis strain with a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 77% and a cut off value of -20% for 2-chamber strain with a sensitivity of 77% and specificity 83% could predict LV dysfunction after MVr.

Among all measured data LV global longitudinal strain seems to be the most sensitive predictor of postoperative LV dysfunction in patients with severe MR and normal LVEF after surgical repair.

Absence of the posterior mitral leaflet is usually fatal for fetus in utero. Although hypoplasia of the posterior mitral leaflet is usually present in children with symptomatic mitral regurgitation, it is usually evident in a few cases of asymptomatic adults. We decided to introduce a rare case with hypoplasia of the posterior mitral valve leaflet associated with aortic stenosis.

A 24-year-old man was admittedwith a history of atypical chest pain. The patient had a normal psychophysical growth. The physical examination showed 4/6 mid- systolic ejection murmurs over the left sternal border. Chest roentgenogram was normal and the electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm with mild LVH. Meanwhile, the echocardiography revealed severe elongated sail- like anterior leaflet and hypoplasia of the posterior mitral leaflet with moderate valvular aortic stenosis. MR grade was mild due to the complete coverage of anterior mitral leaflet. Moreover, LV function and pulmonary arterial pressure were reported normal.

This abnormality was tolerated since adulthood and mitral regurgitation was gradually developed due to annulus dilation. Therefore, the posterior mitral leaflet did not have a significant impact on mitral valve performance.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of specialized translators and interpreters of medical discourse in bringing satisfaction to health tourists. The goal was to find the effect of non-professional medical interpreters (translators) in breaking efficient patient-physician relationship. Nowadays, most foreign patients are accompanied by someone who is not familiar with medical terminology and just thanks to knowing a language he/she becomes an interpreter of a foreign patient. Ten foreign patients from different countries were investigated in this report. Basedonthe gathered data, three findings could be concluded: Firstly, nonprofessional interpreters could not usually interpret medical terminologies accurately. Secondly, trained specialized translators can bring satisfaction to health tourists and help them with successful course of treatment. Thirdly, patients themselves were aware of non-professional translators’ misinterpretations which lead to dissatisfaction and considering other destinations for treatment.

Many studies indicate that one of the leading preventable causes of premature death, disease and disability around the world is Tobacco use. Unfortunately, adolescents and young adults of colleges are often targeted of marketing by the tobacco industry. The aim of this study was to assess the relative frequency of tobacco use and associated factors in medical students.

This cross-sectional study has done among medical students in 2014 - 2015. Totally, 284 students from 4 levels (basic, extern, intern and residents) were selected by random sampling from each category. We used a checklist for collecting demographic information that was distributed among participants by a trained interviewer. SPSS-11.5 software was used for data analysis andsignificance level was considered < 0.05.

Among 284 medical students, 17 (6%) smoked cigarette and 3 (1.05%) used illicit substance. All of the users were male, 15 (88%) of which were single. 1 (1.4 %) of the basic level students, 6 (6.9 %) of the externs, 9 (14.8 %) of the Interns and 1(1.6 %) of the residents used cigarette but the differences among these groups were not significant (P = 0.36). Generally, 13 (76.5%) of the users resided in dormitory and the others lived in parental home, which shows a significant difference among these groups (P = 0.01).The logistic regression indicated stage level was positively associated with cigarette use (P < 0.007).

In this study, we evaluated how several environmental factors may influence illicit substance and tobacco use. We found an association between living in a dormitory and smoking cigarette, so it is an important factor to be considered in program planning for new students who entered into this environment.

Many small trials showed a significant improvement in blood pressure following renal artery stenting in patients with severe atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis, but data on renal function improvement is more conflicting. Recently, few trials have been conducted to evaluate the effect of this procedure on Left Ventricular Mass (LVM) and Left Ventricular Mass Index (LVMI).

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of renal artery stenting on Blood Pressure, estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR), Left Ventricular Mass (LVM), and Left Ventricular Mass Index (LVMI) in patients with severe atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis.

This is a prospective interventional study performed on forty patients with ischemic heart disease and medication resistant hypertension, who had severe ( 70%) atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis and underwent renal artery stenting. Blood pressure, LVM, LVMI and eFGR before renal artery stenting and after six months were assessed in these patients.

There were significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (from 175.5017.28mmHgto 137.3013.21mmHg)(P < 0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (from 103.45  8.91 mmHg to 84.30  7.33 mmHg) (P < 0.001). Also, there were significant decrease in LVM (from 307.73  108.13 g to 259.34  92.17 g) (P = 0.004) and LVMI (from 174.70  58.26 to 148.01  49.77) (P = 0.004). LVM reduction was independent of SBP and DBP reduction (P = 0.376 and P = 0.196, respectively).

Renal artery stenting reduces Blood pressure and leads to regression of LVM independent of blood pressure reduction. Regardless of baseline eGFR, our study failed to find a significant increase in glomerular filtration rate.