Razavi International Journal of Medicine
Volume:3 Issue: 2, Spring 2015

Species of bacteria brucellosis, which can infect humans, are Brucella abortus, B melitensis, B. suis and rarely B. canis.

A 71-year-old woman with severe pain in the limbs, especially the left pelvic pain was admitted to 22-Bahman hospital in Gonabad, Iran. The patient’s Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) was 100 and C-reactive protein (CRP) had positive finding. Urea- creatinine, liver enzymes, U/A and U/C had normal results. A signal change in the soft tissue adjacent to the posterior surface of the vertebral body L4-L5 was observed. According to Wright and 2 Mercaptoethanol (ME) negative results, patient was re-introduced to neurosurgeon. Due to severe bone pain, radiotherapy was stopped and she was referred for treatment with bone tuberculosis diagnosis to a health center in Gonabad city, Iran. Daily streptomycin was started for patient and after 10 days, she referred to health center with a good general health status and without pelvic pain.

Prominent musculoskeletal complaints (especially back pain) accompanied by constitutional symptoms such as fever, malaise and weight loss may be consistent with brucellosis.

Context:

 Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous group of diseases that is negative for esterogen receptor (ER) progesteron receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). This type of breast cancer is typically high-grade carcinomas, although low-grade tumors occur. The aim of this review is to focus on molecular classification and features, prognostic markers and targeted therapies of triple negative breast cancer.

Evidence Acquisition: 

We searched using electronic databases Pubmed/Medline, Dare, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews with terms of ‘Triple negative breast cancer’, ‘Breast cancer’, ‘Molecular classification’, ‘Immunohistochemical markers’, ‘Molecular features, ‘Targeted therapy’, and ‘Prognostic marker’.

It seems that TNBC itself can be subdivided into immunomodulatory, mesenchymal, mesenchymal stem-like, luminal androgen receptor, and distinct basal-like subtypes that differ substantially from basal-like tumors. There are several prognostic makers for TNBC including EGFR and ALDH1, Lysyl Oxidase-Like 2 protein (LOXL2), Synuclein gamma (SNCG), LDHB (Lactate Dehydrogenase B). The antiangiogenic agents, EGFR inhibitors, and PARP inhibitors are new therapeutic Implications and potent factors to targeted therapies of TNBC.

Only a few clinical trials are performed on TNBC patients because this disease has a low incidence. Therefore, it seems larger scale clinical trials are needed to be conducted in the future.

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a serious illness characterized by emotional dysregulation, impulsivity and impaired interpersonal relationship. Yet, few studies have examined borderline personality features, concomitant alexithymia and impaired relationship toward parents in adolescents.

This article explored the association between alexithymia and attitude toward mother as predictive factors of borderline personality features in high school sample of students.

Three hundred students (150 females, 150 males) with a mean age of 15.72 years, were selected via multistage random sampling. Data was collected by Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children, Toronto Alexithymia Scale and Child’s Attitude toward Mother Scale. Analyzing data were performed using canonical correlation.

Structural coefficients showed that the pattern of high scores in borderline personality features correlated with the pattern of high scores in alexithymia and child’s attitude toward mother. Therefore, the results showed that combination of low borderline personality features can probably decrease the likelihood of alexithymia and child’s attitude toward mother.

Alexithymia and child’s attitude toward mother can predict borderline personality features and explain a considerable variance of the survival index.

Shoulder dislocation is the most common presentation of joint dislocation in emergency department (ED). Bilateral shoulder dislocation seldom happens and often is posterior type. It usually occurs due to seizure and electric shock. Trauma is among the common causes of bilateral anterior shoulder dislocation. Here, we present a case of bilateral anterior shoulder dislocation due to seizure attack.

A 21-year-old man presented to ED with complaint of bilateral shoulder pain and restricted range of motion. The patient was under therapy for epilepsy, but discontinued his therapy in recent weeks. He had a seizure attack while sleeping and thereafter he was unable to move his arms. Neurovascular examination of both upper extremities was normal. Shoulder X-ray images revealed bilateral anterior dislocation. Reduction was performed in ED with sedation by adduction and external rotation method. Neurovascular systems were rechecked and reduction was confirmed by radiologic images. Both shoulders were immobilized by sling and swathe, and patient discharged from ED with follow-up recommendation.

Bilateral anterior shoulder dislocation is rare. It could be undiagnosed, especially when there is no clear history of major trauma. By awareness of such unusual possibility, early diagnosis, treatment, and reduction can provide desirable outcome

Context:

 Many women of reproductive age and pregnant women require diagnostic tests involving ionizing radiation. Fetal exposure to radiation worries both the patient and the obstetricians and could lead to inappropriate termination of pregnancy.

Evidence Acquisition:

 To conduct this review of the literature Pub-med was searched. Retrospective studies, reviews of literature, multicentric epidemiological case control studies were reviewed. Official data base Reprotox and The Teratogen Information System Teris were also consulted.

Standard diagnostic X ray tests including those of the lower abdomen imply that the dose absorbed by the uterus is in any case less than 0.05 Sv ( = 5 rad). The majority of the studies in literature estimates that 1-2 rad fetal exposure may increase the risk of leukemia of 1.5 - 2.0 over the natural incidence, meaning that 1 in 2,000 children exposed to ionizing radiation in utero will develop leukemia in childhood.

At present, no single diagnostic procedure is able to cause damage to the embryo or fetus. There are possible harmful effects for doses above 0.2 - 0.25 Gy (20-25 rad).

Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide, mostly in developing countries.

This population-based survey was performed to investigate HAV seroprevalence in Mashhad, northeast of Iran.

A cross-sectional study was performed on 1563 randomly selected individuals from general population of Mashhad, Iran, between May and September 2009. Serum samples were tested for total anti-HAV antibodies using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. Data was analyzed using SPSS ver. 18.0 by Chi-square and Student’s t-Tests.

Seroprevalence of HAV infection was 69.6% (95% CI: 67.3-71.9%) with no difference between males and females. Anti-HAV seropositivity increased with rising age from 9.4% in subjects younger than 5 years to 100.0% in individuals older than 65 years old (P < 0.001).

As it was previously reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) on HAV infection in the country, this study revealed a high prevalence of HAV infection in Mashhad.

Malignant melanoma has the heart metastasis rate of 50 - 71%, which seems to be the highest among other malignancies. When a patient presents with cardiac metastases of melanoma, the disease has already spread through the body and therefore hardly curable. This brief review tried to introduce this important condition and discuss its frequency, presentation, diagnosis, histologic findings and treatments.