فصلنامه جغرافیا (برنامه ریزی منطقه ای)
سال یازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 42، بهار 1400)

Tourism policies are those decisions and actions of high level of tourism that are strongly influenced by the general and macro policies of the country, especially in the field of design and management of foreign relations. The purpose of this study was to compare our tourism development policies and strategic planning between Iran and China. The method of the present study was causal-comparative. The statistical population included tourists from Iran and China who were randomly selected 384 people. The instrument used was a researcher-made tourism policy questionnaire with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.78. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and t-test. The results of data analysis showed that there is a significant difference between all components influencing tourism development between Iran and China. China was better off than Iran in terms of tourism policy. With a significance level of less than 0.05, the research hypotheses were confirmed and China was in a better position in terms of advertising status, costs and methods of payment, private and public facilities, tourists' mental image of the destination, policy-making and world politics.

The current study aims to compare the effect of environmental psychology and existential psychology on the job efficiency of employees in offices. First, related indices and elements of both approaches are extracted, and then the effective rate of each variable on employees’ efficiency has been compared by the comparative method. The research method is comparative, based on a descriptive-analytical approach, and the information is gathered with a library-attributive method. In this research, result showed that despite the positive effect of environmental factors on change of efficiency in human forces of organizations, it is a neglected factor in designing work environment in Iran; while existential characteristics and factors and their effect is even more neglected than physical attributes, maybe because the designers and architect are not aware of this effect. Therefore, the present study has been able to identify and re-read these criteria to reveal its impact on the work process of employees.

The configuration of home space in an area can be influenced by the lifestyle of the residents of that area. Rapaport and Oliver consider socio-cultural contexts as an effective factor in shaping indigenous architecture,and as Rapaport has stated, space has meaning.Therefore, the pattern of space organization and its configuration should be examined in order to understand the relationship between the design of built spaces and the dimensions affected by the way of life of its inhabitants. Therefore, the main problem of the present study can be expressed as follows: lifestyle and the resulting behavioral pattern, as well as the study of social relations, kinship relations, family structure, etc.how it has affected the formation of form and spatial configuration of indigenous houses. According to the statistical population of Shiraz native houses, which are mostly located in Sang-e-Siah Baft neighborhood of the old city of this city, with the aim of syntactic reading and using Space Syntax software, graphical analytical analysis (SPSS) which according to the arguments Logically, the quantitative information obtained from the visible graphs of the output graphs of Ucl Depthmap software finds its strengths and weaknesses through qualitative and quantitative analysis, and we interpret the place of lifestyle changes in the body of architecture and spatial configuration. The output of these interpretations is the results obtained from the interaction of lifestyle qualities and the quantification of these qualities with the space syntax software that has been studied in the native houses of Shiraz in the Qajar and Pahlavi periods.

In the period of urban inflation and the downturn of urban disruption, we are witnessing the confrontation of two complex systems of the earth: biosphere (land, sea and atmosphere) and technology of the earth (cities, industry, trade and government). On the one hand, today is faster than any other time of year and undergoes widespread developments. This widespread transformation, following a nonlinear process, creates many complexities and uncertainties that make it difficult to deal with. In such circumstances, we have found that urban planners and policymakers lack an efficient future-oriented approach that enables them to make imminent changes, prepare effectively for subsequent consequences, and address Overcome the intricate and confused intricacies. One of the most important reasons for this is the inefficiency of cognitive tools in current and current decision-making and planning. In many cases, a lack of understanding of the conditions and causes of phenomena as well as the adherence of the planning process to the stereotypical process can lead to numerous problems in the target planning community and failure to realize the plans. The causal layered analysis method is one of the most important and effective methods in the field of futures studies that seeks to combine and integrate empirical, interpretive, critical, and intra-operative perspectives. It offered a much deeper look into the causes of complex issues in the chaotic urban environment, and then made realistic decisions.

Cities are complex and interdependent systems that are very vulnerable to natural hazards. This study, in addition to the variables that other researchers presented concerning the city's body, has taken a deeper look at the intensification of earthquakes in cities, taking into account the natural conditions of cities, provides a functional model and applies it to the city of Qazvin, which has been discussed and analyzed in the highly seismic and high-risk region. Based on the proposed model for the resilience of Qazvin against earthquakes, 31 urban experts have been surveyed and interviewed. Using quantitative and qualitative analysis, the research data were processed, the relationship between variables was analyzed, and finally, the comparative situation of Qazvin city was determined. Regarding the importance of both descriptive and spatial data of Qazvin, the GIS software has been used for analyzing information. Also, the hierarchical analysis method and its software called "Expert Choice" were used to evaluate the importance factor of effective variables. Finally, the principles and criteria extracted from the urban experts' viewpoint were compared to the current situation of the city, and thus the vulnerable points in the city of Qazvin have been identified based on the relevant suspicious variable. The model output shows that Qazvin's vulnerability is so widespread that the strategy of action during disruption and returning to the initial state is ineffective. It is better to focus on self-organization and increased pre-earthquake capacity.

the design process in each of the topics and stages is fraught with challenges. But what is particularly important in this direction is the starting point of the design and the ideation stage, which results in the formation of the primary generator as the idea and the coherence of the design. In this regard, taking advantage of the effects of the context and design context can be considered as a very important and influential starting point in the architectural design process. However, the effects of the design context and context can be considered as a very important and influential starting point in the architectural design process. With regard to the mentioned cases, the present study was conducted with the aim of explaining and analyzing the contextualism indicators in the design process. Using in-depth interviews with experts in the field of architecture and urban planning, including university professors and professional architects, the characteristics of contextualism extracted from the studies of the first step of research in the design process were analyzed; Finally, the results indicate the impact of physical, spatial and material qualities as well as human, social and cultural dimensions of the existing context. However, the influence of other characteristics of the field in this important can not be denied.

The aim of this study was to identify the temporal-spatial variations of temperature series in the eastern basin of Iran. Based on this attitude, the monthly statistics of average temperature, maximum temperature and minimum temperature of Sarakhs, Sahand, Birjand, Zabol, Zahedan and Saravan stations during the period of 1987-2019 were used. Data homogeneity was assessed by Chi-square test and data normality was assessed using Anderson-Darling test. For data with normal distribution, t-test and least squares method were used and for data with abnormal distribution, Mann-Kendall statistical-graphic test was used. The results showed that the average temperature in most months and most stations had an increasing trend. Mashhad, Birjand, Zabol and Zahedan have had an increasing trend in almost all months of the year. A decreasing trend was observed only in Zahedan station during December. The maximum temperature and especially the minimum temperature showed a lower trend and were out of trend in most months of the year. Time changes showed that the average temperature during the warm months of the year showed an increasing trend in more stations and in the cold months of the year less stations showed a trend. Of course, except for Mashhad, which has been a trend in most months of the year.

The spatial structure of cities is influenced by various factors such as urban smart growth indices such as environment, access and use of information and communication technology, public city management, human and social capital, education, government, creative class, energy Formation, transportation, water, medical and healthcare facilities, finance, etc., the evolution of which depends on how these factors and sub-criteria are affected. These propellers also have a variety of connections with each other that chart the future of cities. The purpose of this study is to identify the key key drivers of smart city development and examine how these factors affect the future prospects of spatial development in Sardasht. The present study, based on the applied purpose, has been exploratory and based on a forward-looking approach. Given the nature of this research, first identify and select the experts and executives who should be involved in the discussion, and then use the Delphi method, questionnaires, interviews, and documentary studies to determine key variables. Structural analysis and Mic Mac software have also been used to weigh and identify the most important drivers affecting the spatial development of Sardasht. The statistical population of the study consisted of 10 experts, experts and executives related to Sardasht city management.

Rural management, as a popular initiative, is the most important factor in the growth of rural society and it controls the process of moving from the present to the desired situation and is one of the most important aspects of rural management, which is a relatively new concept; and given that rural women play a key role In various fields, especially agricultural production, they have rural industries, they are important in rural development, and their ability to be recognized as the focus of new concepts for the development and strengthening of poverty alleviation strategies in rural areas, therefore. The statistical population of this study is rural women in the rural districts of Khodabandeh district. Using Cochran's formula, 175 individuals were selected as sample and data were collected through a questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and the questionnaire was distributed randomly among them. Became Data were analyzed by SPSS software, T-test, single sample and factor analysis and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results showed that there is a significant relationship between local managers performance and empowerment of rural women as well as their performance and female satisfaction at 0.99; And, respectively, the greatest influence was attributed to the role of local management in empowerment of rural women to women's economic power indexes with an average of 3.588, female participation with an average of 3.416, and self-esteem of women with an average of 3.315.

We are facing economic, political, social and environmental changes in space with the increase in the number of metropolises in developing countries. Depending on the conditions of the natural environment and the socio-economic system of the city, different forms of spatial organization occur in metropolitan areas. This has led to a change in the spatial organization of such cities. Meanwhile, political economy and its components are one of the influential indicators on the changes and transformations of urban spaces. The main purpose of this study is to identify the effective social and environmental components of political economy on the spatial organization of Rasht metropolis using the Dematel technique. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-analytical based on the nature. Findings indicate that among the social components of political economy, the social status variable of city residents, ranked 51.08; As well as among the environmental components of political economy; The variable of mass construction projects, regardless of environmental issues, with 53.01 points, have the most important role in the transformation of spatial organization of Rasht metropolis.

The synergistic issues of sustainable urban tourism with the protection of the historical contexts of cities, as one of the target tools of cultural tourism, have been experienced in Iran for several decades. One of the first issues implemented in this field is the cultural-commercial pedestrian crossing of Tarbiat Tabriz. This passage, which was Nobar Alley during the Qajar period and changes its nature to Tarbiat Street during the Pahlavi period, in its essence includes a combination of valuable Qajar period buildings in alleys and dead ends that are perpendicular to the passage. And the self-passage has also included the commercial-service complexes of the Pahlavi period, which have a very consistent form and order in relation to the width of the passage; - The passage whose architectural space is the result of the combination of these units depends on a relatively specific time of the architectural period -. Of course, the almost without identity constructions of recent years, which are being carried out with the destruction of the original architectural structures, are depreciating the values of this passage both in terms of cultural values and in terms of eliminating the achievements of cultural tourism. In this article, the effect of visual values of the remaining cultural-historical buildings of the early construction period on sustainable urban tourism on the historical pedestrian passage of Tarbiat (Nobar Alley) in Tabriz was recognized and the damages of changes and new constructions being carried out in the passage were criticized.

The south of Iran and the southern coasts of Iran, which are separated from the central plateau by mountain ranges, are located in hot and humid climates. In these areas, the difference between the temperature of the land surface and the sea level causes sea and land breezes; But these types of winds are limited to the narrow coastal strip, and the air indoors is calm and the wind speed - if any, is very low. In fact, the purpose of this study was to identify the effective design criteria in hot and humid climates with emphasis on the climate of Sistan and Baluchestan. In this research, an application-development method has been used to achieve the goals. One of the climatic characteristics of this coast is the amount of very little annual rainfall, most of which is in autumn and especially in winter. Very hot and humid weather in summer and mild in winter, very high humidity in all seasons, as well as low temperature differences between night and day, salinity of groundwater in most areas and very little vegetation are other characteristics of these areas. . In today's world, despite new technologies, construction does not have the problems and limitations of the past, and it is possible to build a building for almost any taste. What is important is to create buildings that, in addition to adapting to modern technology, conform to the indigenous architecture of each region and lead our architecture to sustainability through energy savings

In order to solve the problems caused by the deterioration and deterioration of urban centers and the horizontal expansion of cities, the neo-urbanism movement was established. New urbanism is a set of development factors to create more optimal and attractive communities. Considering the many problems and issues that have arisen from the horizontal and scattered expansion of Shiraz, the use of serious theoretical views of urbanism and successful examples implemented in developed countries, can be effective in reforming and presenting the local model of urban planning. The purpose of this article is to redefine and apply the principles and criteria of new urbanism in line with the city's indigenous considerations. The main question of the article is how the principles and criteria of new urbanism can be explained and redefined according to local and indigenous considerations? The method of this article is descriptive-analytical. The results of the article show that the physical planning and design of the construction of a new town based on the new urbanism and the determination of the relevant rules and regulations based on local considerations provide a suitable model for urban planning.

Imbalances and inequalities in the provision and distribution of services and lack of attention to the environmental capacity are the major problems of rural areas. To realize the extent and causes of these inequalities, an exact and thorough investigation of the status of service delivery in these areas is necessary for planning rural development based on the current situation and identification of potentials and capacities in these areas. This research is practical in purpose and descriptive-analytic in nature. It is conducted by using survey methods and questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS software, EXCEL. In this study, the researcher worked out with the various aspects of development indicators (infrastructure, economic, educational, cultural, health, etc.) to investigate the method of spatial distribution of facilities and services, as well as factors affecting the distribution of services in rural areas of Dinevar and to rank them using TOPSIS FUZZY method. The results of this study show that two factors, drylands and the distance to the center of the village did not have related with status of service delivery in the rural areas. Also, according to the results of the study, the villages of this rural district were ranked in 22 levels and Mianrahan, as their only option, ranks first for the development among the villages and in contrast PirGhasem is the most deprived area in this village.

communication technologies have made it possible to extract knowledge from the minds of knowledge holders, which has led to the transfer of this knowledge to rural areas and territories. Using these types of technologies, it can be considered for the villagers by prioritizing the needs, activating them, investing in infrastructure, and providing social services as an effective process in sustainable rural development. Also, if the technology is used correctly and in accordance with the needs of the community, it will have significant effects on rural social development. The problem of the present study is how information and communication technology has the necessary capability for social development in rural areas? Accordingly, the statistical population of the study includes 25 villages in the Rudbar Qasran area. The sample size of this research is 267 people. The research method in this study is descriptive-survey and the research is applied type. Also the research tools is questionnaire and observation. In descriptive and inferential methods, SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data. The research indicators include reduced migration, virtual education, tendency to use the Internet and computers, increased awareness in the field of participation, and family solidarity. The results show that the development of information technology has not had a significant relationship with the social development of the village. research findings, executive solutions such as providing institutional and administrative services, increasing facilities and equipment through ICT offices in the village, communication between officials and villagers through ICT offices for social information are suggested.

Given that the historical and cultural context of cities are valuable works of culture, knowledge of architecture and urban planning and are considered as part of the social identity of each nation and country. In fact, the re-creation and preservation of historical contexts as an identity is essential for the survival of cities. One of the reasons for the identity crisis in today's cities is the inefficiency of historical contexts. One of the methods of implementing urban regeneration is planning tourism in historical contexts. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of regeneration indicators of buildings and historical urban contexts in Haft region of Mashhad, as opportunities for Examine tourism development. The research method is survey and the main tool for data collection is a questionnaire. The statistical population in the present study is all residents of Haft city of Mashhad. Using Cochran's formula, 384 people were determined as a statistical sample. Findings show that there is a direct relationship between tissue regeneration and historical development and tourism development (Pearson correlation coefficient between tissue regeneration and monuments and tourism development is 0.218 and its significance level is 0.000. Also according to the results of regression test. There is a simple linear relationship between recreation and tourism development (significance level less than 5%, so due to the linearity of the relationship between the two variables was accepted), which was finally determined using Friedman test between the studied indicators in terms of differences in importance.

One of the factors that can affect the growth and development of a region is migration, as one of the most important arguments that can be made about the authenticity and legitimacy of the growth and development of a region is its ability to control population displacement and migration. Migration is a process that changes the rate of population growth or the rate of growth of labor supply. Immigration itself has many social, cultural and economic implications in both migrant and migrant countries. Given the large volume of domestic and foreign migration in our country, which according to experts and officials of the Ministry of Interior has reached the point of crisis, the main question of the article is what effect this crisis has on the political, geographical and economic balance between geographical areas. Does Iran allow immigrant areas? The hypothesis that we are trying to examine in this article is that there seems to be a positive and significant relationship between the current migration crisis and the imbalance of political, geographical and economic balance between the geographical regions of Iran's first immigrant and non-migrant regions. has it. This article is done using explanatory analytical method and using library resources and articles and macro documents. The method of data collection is also library and also the use of scientific-research articles. The tool is data collection and the use of tables and graphs as well as maps.

One of the prominent features of rural textures, is its organicness. Organic rural texture does not mean that there is no established plan for the physical growth of the village, but that it has been foreseen and means the growth and development of each village based on the specific social, economic and climatic characteristics of the village. Currently, due to the irregular construction, the local landscape of the villages is threatened and the specific rural peace and identity is disturbed. The purpose of this research is to improve the resilience of villages that have suffered from instability in various fields and systems in recent decades due to their mere attention to physical issues. The purpose of the research in this article is practical in purpose, because it intends to solve a particular problem and has local character. On the other hand, the research method is descriptive in nature and method. Accordingly, Rajai Dasht and Falar villages in the western Alamut area of Qazvin will be studied as a case study in this study. The results indicate that if the development proposals of each village are presented based on the socio-cultural, economic and environmental components specific to that village, Also in the landfill site, attention is paid to environmental factors and the organic texture of the village, and attention to the indigenous items and materials of the village in the part of building construction and its physical aspects, is the basis of action, considering the stability of the texture.

Arak city was built on A designed plan populated in coming decades. By fixing it into an industrial hub, important industries were created. Whereas this development didn’t concentrate on the natural capacity of the region, had a negative impact on the biological and environmental elements and led to the degradation of the city's environment. This article based on a descriptive-analytical method, evaluates the process of Arak industrialization and spatial expansion and its environmental impacts by applying the SWOT and the QSPM models. After the preliminary study of the issue, previous reports and researches on the spatial expansion of Arak city were reviewed. Indicating to library research methodology, relevant information was collected and after determining the conceptual framework and the survey model, the evaluation of the scientific findings was considered. According to the scientific approach, SWOT model was used to better explain the findings. In this model, the characteristics of the four options of weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats were first defined and their questions were formulated. Research findings emphasize that Arak's urban development and its transformation into a metropolis have not led to sustainability, and today Arak suffers from unsustainable development that endangers citizen’s health. Meanwhile QSPM table of priority indicates strategy of strengthening sustainable local industries is in the top of the strategies.

Today, new areas have opened up in the third millennium due to globalization and have typically provided new sources of revenue for governments, without a doubt one of these areas is the tourism industry. The development of this industry in order to achieve sustainable prosperity requires the existence of infrastructure (software and hardware) that can make this industry attractive. One of these areas in the software sector is the existence of tourism protection laws with real implementation guarantees that the capacity of civil rights mechanisms in Iran can be a good platform for expanding this. In this article, we seek to find an answer to this question: Does the development of civil rights mechanisms in the field of legislation play a role in the prosperity of the tourism industry or not? We are looking for a convincing answer to this issue with interdisciplinary descriptive and analytical approaches.legislation play a role in the prosperity of the tourism industry or not? We are looking for a convincing answer to this issue with interdisciplinary descriptive and analytical approaches.

Fostering children's creativity and abilities is a social necessity, and neighborhood parks are one of the most important places to achieve that. The aim of this study is to comprehensively identify the components of space layout to ensure the safety of children in neighborhood parks. The research method is applied-descriptive. First, by qualitative content analysis method, indicators explaining the layout of space and children's safety in neighborhood parks are presented and by collecting data from interviews with clients of neighborhood parks, the impact of space layout components on children's safety Checked. The selected statistical sample is 156 people by clustering method. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software using quantitative tests. The results indicate that there is a strong correlation between the variables of space layout and child safety in neighborhood parks. Also, for in-depth analysis of the effect of space layout components on children's safety in neighborhood parks, techniques of observing and recording analytical layout patterns using Depth map software were used. Finally, the analysis results for 5 neighborhood parks in Tehran's District 2 include "Niayesh", "Goldasht", "Morvarid", "Parasto" and "Misagh" parks were also presented.

Spatial sense is a complex and general concept that plays an important role in enhancing the quality of human environments and in shaping the communication bases of users of the environment and space. Given the importance of the subject in the present article, we aimed to investigate the factors that shape the sense of place and measure the criteria identified in urban public spaces (City Theater, Niavaran Cultural Center, Museum of Contemporary Art). The research method in this paper is descriptive-analytical and based on library resources review and field expert survey. Factor analysis and attraction level models were used to analyze the collected data. The results of the model show that the most important factors in the process of cognition, evaluation and sense of place in urban public spaces have been empirical-environmental, socio-cultural and subjective factors. And in the process of creating a sense of place, the sense of place has a greater impact than the other identified factors. In addition, the results of the Attraction Level Model showed that in Niavaran Cultural Museum and Museum of Contemporary Art according to the identified factors, one creates a complex emotional relationship with space And the person gives meaning to the place and the place means to him, Place means to him, But at City Theater, the pepole, despite knowing he is in a distinct place It recognizes the symbols of the place, but no emotion is attached to it.

Ardakan tourist city hosts tens of thousands of tourists every year due to its natural attractions, pleasant climate and abundant gardens.Meanwhile, many of these tourists tend to spend more time in the pleasant environment of the city and fulfill this desire by building or renting a house for a long time. These houses are called second homes.Such houses are usually located in sparsely populated areas, villages or small towns and are used for recreational purposes, they are also called weekend houses and holiday homes. In this research, the second houses and its effects on agricultural use have been studied. The results showed that based on field surveys and the study of statistics of various real estate companies in the city, most garden transactions in Ardakan, ie 80% of transactions by non-natives and only 20% of garden transactions are related to natives.The results of these field studies show that almost all gardens purchased by non-natives are turned into houses, gardens and villas, which are used as second homes by the owners. It shows that there is a significant relationship between the construction of second homes in Ardakan and environmental and ecological changes in this city that need to be considered in future management plans of this city.

This research is applied according to its purpose and based on its nature and method, it is of survey type and descriptive and non-experimental research and the method of collecting field and library information. The statistical population of the research based on the bachelor's standard is equal to 40 experts and the level of village analysis is equal to 40 villages in 9 villages. all questionnaires with a high rate of 0.7 have high reliability. In this study, variables fall into two categories of Independent and dependent variables are divided into 4 criteria. In this research, two-sample test and one-sample t-test, correlation test to measure the correlation between variables, to measure the effects of tourism factors on businesses from univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis. And Chi-square test, Spearman test was used. According to the research results, tourism criteria with an average of 4.71 and Other non-tourism dimensions have relative and moderate upward effects. In fact, according to the classification that was done at the beginning of the study, tourism criteria have much more important effects than non-tourism factors. In conclusion, it should be noted that apparently the effects of different factors on businesses are not very high and are at a medium to high level. Among these, only tourism factors have high impacts, which is closely related to tourism factors and rural businesses. In fact, the set of tourism elements has a more semantic connection with businesse.

Despite the importance of organizational architecture and its impact on the maturity of employee capabilities, the various dimensions and components of organizational architecture and maturity of organizational capabilities are still not well understood. Making effective and influential components in Bushehr Gas Company. In addition to the documentary study, the content analysis technique with MAXQDA12 software has been used to identify the factors and components. In addition, semi-structured interviews with university experts were conducted in 1398 in the form of open, central and selective codes, and Dematel technique was used to determine the effective and efficient components. In this study, 85 open codes and 23 the central code and finally the 19 main components for organizational architecture and maturity of employee capabilities were identified. After that, according to the Matrix Questionnaire, decision making of pairwise comparisons of 20 experts in the fields of organizational architecture and maturity of employee capabilities was used as an example. Finally, the components of information, technology and business were identified as influential and defined factors, managed, optimized, applications and predicted as effective factors. According to experts, the information component is one of the most influential factors in organizational architecture.

Regional development is a multifaceted approach to the impact of internal and external systems on different spatial levels and their interaction and response in the region that this ultimately provides the internal and external balance of the region and its development. Due to the importance of the issue of regional development, the present study seeks to identify the factors that influence the development of Aras Free Zone in different dimensions. The research method is applied in the present study with descriptive-analytical in nature. The statistical population of the study also includes managers, officials, urban experts and academic elites of Aras Free Zone (about 1400 people) and the sample size is estimated to be 344 based on the modified Cochran model. Also, to analyze the research data was used partial least squares model in Warp-PLS software. The results show that among the propellants studied, the most affected are proponents of institutional-managerial (IMC), economic (E), institutional synergy (IS) and supporting organizational management (SOM) that the coefficients extracted based on the structural model of the research were respectively with values 0.65, 0.61, 0.55 and 0.48. Among the sub-variables, the most influential factors were related to the components of attracting domestic and international investments based on appropriate marketing and advertising and the relevance of predicting and not defining all future issues respectively with values of 0.64 and 0.63. Also the results of the Stone-Geyser test, calculated for regional development propulsion equal to 0.141, show that the model has the necessary predictive capacity.

The historical context of Tabriz city, which is a symbol of its identity and a legacy of a few thousand years of this city, has experienced essential changes and transformations in its identity and application of historical spaces in recent eras that are due to the emergence of new needs and functions, and the emergence of a desire for change. The present study investigates the role of physical, economic and social- cultural components and factors related to modernization in historical-cultural context of Tabriz metropolis, with an emphasis on preserving the identity. This study is a descriptive-analytical research. For each of the physical, economic and social- cultural components of modernization some indexes were considered based on the responses of experts and Delphi technique. The data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed by statistical software. Based on the findings, physical component has the greatest score and the social- cultural component has the lowest score. Later the indexes of each component were ordered based on Fuzzy AHP method. The obtained factors were categorized based on SWOT technique. The obtained results revealed that the most important strength of modernizing historical context is the development of access status in context, the most important weakness is destruction of historical contexts , the most important opportunity is providing service infrastructure for viability of the context, and finally the most important threat is the effects resulted from prolonging the manufacturing process.

The present research is an applied research in terms of purpose, and of the nature and method of the research is descriptive-survey and inferential. The statistical population of the study is all citizens over 20 years old in the towns. The sampling method was randomly selected from the city population and tourists in 484 samples (based on Cochran formula). To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.734) used In order to analyze the data, the questionnaire tool and its analysis in SPSS and using tests such as mean, one-sample T-test and Pearson correlation, as well as AHP hierarchical analysis were used. The results of the research indicate that in the city of Chalus, the natural structure index of has a t-statistic and is at a significant level below 0.05 and therefore its status is more than average. Also, indicators of information boards The green space, lighting, has a T-negative statistic and is at a significant level below 0.05. As a result, their condition is less than average. In addition, topographic indices, geometry of buildings, streets and passageways, facades of buildings, urban furniture, building materials, are at a significant level of more than 0.05. As a result, their status is moderate. A general assessment of landscape indicators and natural structure in attracting and staying tourists in the city of Chalus also suggests that the neighborhood of 10 with a weighted average (3.70), in the best condition and neighborhood 5 With a weighted average (2.65) in the weakest condition.

The main objective of this research is "to provide a model of sustainable development based on the excellence of entrepreneurship education of agricultural jihad training centers". This study was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection method, the research type is descriptive survey. A total of 4430 people in the Association of Agricultural Jihad Training centers, which according to Morgan table, 354 people were selected as the sample, which were selected by simple random sampling method. In this study, a researcher-made questionnaire 64 items (derived from Shams et al. (2014)) has been used. The validity of the research instrument was based on the use of a researcher-made questionnaire and according to the experts ' application and formal approval of the research tools, the questionnaire validity was confirmed. In order to confirm the reliability of the questionnaire, Chorenbach α was obtained by calculating the total number of 0.953. Results of test implementation the confirmatory model indicates that all parameters of the model are at an acceptable level. The results of the final structural model show that the highest factor of the leadership component (0.88) and in the second position of the line and policies and strategies (0.86) and in third position are the component of partnerships and resources (0.84).

This research is qualitative-quantitative in nature and is applied according to the purpose of the research. First, through the literature and research background and 26 theoretical and experimental experts using non-random snowball sampling method, dimensions and components of economic entrepreneurship opportunities model with e-commerce approach in the field of banking were extracted. Then they were identified and determined by fuzzy Delphi technique in the form of 6 main dimensions and 23 sub-dimensions. In the next part, to determine the importance of each of the identified components, after designing the questionnaire in the form of fuzzy hierarchical analysis, they were ranked using fuzzy AHP method. In the next step, the current and optimal status of each of the dimensions and components of the research in the study areas were evaluated by t-test. Using ISM interpretive structural modeling technique, leveling the factors affecting economic entrepreneurship opportunities with the e-commerce approach in the field of banking at four levels, respectively; The first level is organizational factors (high dependence and low influence), the second level is opportunity recognition factor (high dependence and low influence), the third level is economic, environmental, technological factors (high influence and low influence) and the fourth level is institutional factors (influence). High and low impact). In the quantitative part of the research, the causal relationships between the components of entrepreneurial opportunities with the e-commerce approach and the fit of models were examined.

Responsibility for human health and having a healthy society is one of the main conditions for sustainable geographical-human development. Undoubtedly, many factors influence this issue, and the development of medical law is one of the most important factors. Commitment to human health and caring for the health of future generations is a fundamental step towards the formation of a developed nation responsible for the geographical environment. The purpose of this article is to investigate the role of medical rights development in the sustainable development of human geography with emphasis on physician civil liability in medical fertility. The main question of the article is what role does the development of medical law play in the sustainable development of human geography? The method of this article is qualitative. Article data will be collected from library sources. The method of analysis of research findings is also descriptive-analytical. The results of the article show that the protection and protection of human health within the framework of legal systems has an important role in the sustainable development of human geography. From a legal point of view, the doctor performs certain duties And uses its knowledge to solve people's health problems and must be held accountable for four types of responsibilities: Moral liability, civil liability (compensation by a physician), disciplinary liability (violation of trade union and professional rules and regulations) and criminal liability (committing a crime due to an act or omission).

Accurate forecasting of effective parameters in water resources projects is one of the most important research topics for water engineers. One of these parameters is river flow. In this paper, the neural network is used in two ways: multi-layered perceptron network (MLP) network, with error post-propagation algorithm and radial base function (RBF) and using Matlab and SPSS 19 software to estimate Dubai in Minab watershed using data. Simultaneous daily rainfall and daily water supply have been used for Brentin, Glasgard and Faryab stations for a period of 25 years. In this study, in order to investigate and determine the highest rainfall effect of each of the stations on the Dubai River, the impact of 5 consecutive days of rainfall on Dubai on a daily basis (p0, p-1, p-2, p 3.3, p-4, p-5) For each station and jointly, the first and second to fifth day rains were performed for stations with two to two subscribers. The results showed that the multi-layered perceptron (MLP) method had the lowest error (RMSE) and the highest correlation (R^ 2) between daily precipitation at all three stations measured with Dubai. Also, the first day's rainfall in the couple's stations and the first and fifth day's rain in the single stations have the greatest impact on Dubai's output

Using the media to introduce sports products to the audience is very effective. The use of sports brand placement in the media and its use in recent years has become one of the most widely used related techniques for sports product advertising. The purpose of this study is to design an effective model of sports brand placement in the media using the data foundation method. In order to conduct the research, a qualitative research approach has been used and based on the data method of the foundation and using semi-structured interviews with experts in the field of sports brand in the media has been identified. The sample size with the logic of theoretical and judgmental sampling and until the achievement of theoretical saturation included a total of 12 people. Data encoding was performed using Max Kyoda software. Findings show that the effectiveness of sports brand placement in the media with 10 factors and 50 components including: attitude to film, audience capture, audience position, advertising, brand dominance, product integration with the program, demographic characteristics, personality relationship The sports program is explained by the product, the economic benefits and the sports script.

Public transportation has always been of interest to planners transport system and according to criteria of human centered has particular importance in the evaluation and development of in town transportation systems. The aim of this study is to provide a framework for assessing the transportation systems facilities of Tehran metropolis with human centered approach. in this study with reviewing the theoretical foundations of human centered transportation and using the experiences of experts in the context o transportation has investigated to identify and determine the significance of human centered transportation criteria and through confirmatory factor analysis has reached a perfect fit and by Using fuzzy AHP criteria weight and according to identified criteria, the performance of 4 highways in Tehran, of human centered aspect, with using fuzzy topsis method has been assessed and accordingly prioritized. Eventually with using of importance performance analysis, the suggestions have been presented for identified criteria to improved human centered in infrastructure studied. The current study is descriptive survey in terms of data collection, the sampling is done in consecutive available method. In the current study 29 criteria in 5 beneficiary groups for testing the measure of identified human centered that after doing confirmatory factor analysis. it was eliminated 9 criteria and the remaining 20 criteria, the suitable equipment's criteria for establishment and job creation opportunities, respectively have been the most and less important.

In most parts of the world, unlimited resources and renewable energy have been welcomed due to limited fossil fuels and the emphasis of regulations on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Solar energy is more desirable because of its ease of access and conversion into electricity. The present issue is related to the costs and people and housing activists’ unwillingness to utilize renewable energy and the concern is that the country’s economy and the price of energy carriers do not create a comparative advantage for individuals. Therefore, the government must move towards encouraging policies and take the necessary measures. The purpose of this study is to estimate the operating costs of the solar power system for economic analysis and encourage investment. In the present descriptive-analytical study, the economic evaluation of grid-connected home photovoltaic system in a residential complex located in district 2 of Tehran, is investigated. Then, with the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach, using engineering economics techniques and Excel software, the present net worth criterion, internal rate of return, return on investment period and the ratio of net present value to initial investment of various types of financing methods are calculated. With the studies performed, all the economic criteria for the implementation of the photovoltaic system can be justified by analyzing the financing scenarios. On the other hand, granting subsidies, low-interest loans can encourage investors to enter the field of renewable energy, so that according to the benefits of the system, their economic justification can be feasible

The inefficiency of these models has led to the formation of new theories such as; The theory of participatory urban planning. In our country, the raw modeling of new theories and superficial changes without grounding and theoretical reflection, such as: Implementation of the law on councils and the role of the city council in the urban planning system, has created ambiguities in the process of development and realization of participatory urban planning theory. The purpose of this study is to further explore the conditions for the realization of participatory urban planning theory in order to avoid superficiality and raw modeling of theories of other societies, emphasizing the emergence of the city council and its role and place in the urban planning system. Descriptive-analytical method has evaluated the realization of participatory urban planning propositions and its effect on changing the approach of centralized urban planning system to participatory by analyzing the role and position of the city council in the urban planning system. Defining the role and position for the city council in the preparation process, approving and implementing urban development plans to change the approach to urban planning, superficial changes without theoretical support and is still a long way from realizing public participation and participatory urban planning theory. Purely legal and institutional changes do not achieve participatory urban planning, but real participation will occur when all stages of participatory planning (including culture building and public awareness, etc.) have been completed properly based on the theoretical foundations of participation.

The issue of improving the worn-out structures of cities has been considered by urban planners and managers in the last one or two decades, and more or less measures have been taken in this regard, and by recognizing the needs, bottlenecks, capabilities and opportunities to revive the worn-out tissue through joint efforts and empowerment of residents, they have created a suitable environment for local residents to live. Improvement worn tissue can promote physical value and the willingness of citizens to live in that increase. In this regard, the purpose of this study is the role of urban management in improving the worn-out urban tissues of Saravan. The present study is a descriptive-survey research in terms of purpose in the field of applied research and based on its nature and method. The statistical population of the study includes professors, experts and specialists in the field under study. Using Delphi technique, 20 people were selected as the sample population. In this research, fuzzy TOPSIS and fuzzy AHP models have been used to measure and analyze. The results of fuzzy hierarchical analysis (AHP) technique showed that the urban regeneration index with a normal weight of 0.408 has the highest priority of improving urban worn-out tissues. Also, the results of fuzzy TOPSIS technique showed that the urban regeneration strategy has the highest weight and is in the first place.

According to the constitution, the protection of the environment is a public duty of the people and the government. In this regard, the role of the prosecutor as the public prosecutor is important and according to the law, duties and powers have been assigned to him. In this regard, as a guardian of public rights, he has the duty to declare crimes and prosecute environmental destroyers, and from the position of public prosecutor in charge, he protects this right of citizens and in cases where environmental protection requires, to issue Special orders such as closing factories and polluting industries and dealing with environmental criminals. In addition, in accordance with the law and with the authority he has, he supervises judicial officers and gives them the necessary training in the field of environmental protection, especially with special officers such as officers of the Environmental Protection Organization, natural resources and non-governmental organizations in the field of environment. It is biologically related.

The use of communal spaces is an important part of everyday life, public spaces serve as meeting places for people, so these places must be secure enough for people to exchange information peacefully. The city as a biomedical context should be full of social spaces for social interaction, but in the hasty development of today's cities, attention has been given to the security of communal spaces as one of the basic needs of today's humanity. As urban spaces become more desirable and designed and protected by genuine criteria, the rate of human absorption into space increases and as time goes on, the presence of people in space increases. Parks have always been considered as one of the communal spaces in the urban space. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of social interaction in this space by analyzing in Tehran student park as a collective space and to investigate users' opinion about the impact of security components in space. 50 questionnaires were randomly distributed among the users of the student park, and the data were analyzed using written tables. The research hypotheses were tested using Student's t-test, correlation and regression. The results show that the level of social interactions in the park is at an average level and, according to space users, are among the factors affecting security in socialization, lighting, space size and freedom to hesitate.

in the border villages of these counties that are directly connected to the border. Therefore, four villages in Baneh city and two villages in Marivan city are the final target of the present study and among the villages of these villages, 27 villages that are located at a maximum distance of 30 km from the border have been studied. According to the latest population and housing statistics (2016), 9788 households live in the target villages. The study sample was selected using Cochran's formula and random sampling method with proportional assignment (370 heads of households). The tool used in this study includes a researcher-made questionnaire whose content validity (formal) and its structure and reliability Approved using hybrid reliability. Data analysis was performed through correlation analysis and structural equation modeling using SPSS and AMOS software. The model evaluated in the study had acceptable fitness indices. Structural equation modeling showed the components of quality of life (γ = 0.409, Z = 4.51), environmental (γ = 0.36, Z = 5.39), migration (γ = 0.64, 0.25). Z = 8), economic viability (γ = 0.41, Z = 5.64) and physical-spatial quality of the village and its dwellings (γ = 0.39, Z = 5.25) explain 68% of the changes in development distribution They are rural.

The tourism industry has become the world's third-largest income-generating industry, after the oil and auto industries, and it requires less investment in employmentKeywords: Worn texture, Organizing, District 10, Recreational Approach. Our country is among the top ten countries in the world in terms of tourism, with many millennia attractions and civilization, according to the World Tourism Organization, But our nation's share of this lucrative industry is negligible both in terms of number and turnover, and requires consistent planning. Given the current status and growth and prosperity of this industry in the country and the northeastern provinces (Shirvan), this study aimed to investigate the barriers to tourism development in Shirvan. In order to investigate the research problem through documentary and library method, data collection has been done and the findings of the present study are descriptive-analytical and using expert judgment (Delphi method) and field survey method (observation and questionnaire). Is obtained The TOPSIS model was also used for data analysis to investigate Shirvan tourism barriers and the results show that the loss of gardens as a tourist attraction due to water deficit and drought was able to top the criteria in the case of 0.735. Be examined.

The main purpose of this study was to provide a model for creating entrepreneurial opportunities for handicrafts. The research method in this study is mixed. The research variables were identified based on the opinions of 20 entrepreneurship and handicrafts experts who were selected based on the snowball sampling method. For the quantitative part of the research, the structural equation method was used using SMART-PLS software. To perform inferential statistics based on Morgan sampling method, 171 people were selected from 307 handicraft activists who each answered a Likert five-choice questionnaire. The result of inferential statistics showed that the psychological components (experience), creativity, progress in success, awareness and risk-taking), economic (capital, market, factors of production - raw materials - human resources, cooperatives and exports), social - Promoting the culture of handicraft education, social relations, social capital and advertising and information), laws and regulations, tax laws and regulations, customs laws and regulations, payment of government facilities and facilitation of workshop (and technological) permits. Methods and approaches New production of handicrafts, modern tools and equipment, application of the product, upgrading the skill level of producers) are effective in creating entrepreneurial opportunities for handicrafts.

Waste management policy is a system that policies and manages the flow and methods of waste collection, recycling and disposal in interaction with each other, so that the desired environmental, social and economic goals are achieved in a specific area. . The purpose of this study is to investigate the effective components on waste management policy in rural areas of Kan Bakhsh in Tehran province. The present research is of strategic type in terms of applied development goal and is of survey type in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the study includes 1590 heads of families living in the villages of Kan district and the sample size was determined to be 202 using Cochran's formula. The method of this research is survey and semi-structured interviews with respondents and completing questionnaires. The Delphi technique (expert survey) was used to determine the validity and to validate the content of the research questionnaires. Also, the reliability or reliability of the questionnaire was measured by comparing the two ratios. In this study, in order to study waste management in the studied rural areas, three components of leadership combined with innovation, correct use of resources and planning and organization have been used and their impact on policy-making in this field of study has been investigated. The results of this study using Chi-square test showed that the three components of leadership combined with innovation, proper use of resources and planning and organizing with waste management policy

This research is applied in terms of applied research, in terms of research method is exploratory-descriptive research, in terms of time horizon is cross-sectional, and in terms of data collection method includes a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The statistical population of this research consists of all cyberspace policy experts and experts, who were identified as 12 people. The steps were as follows: first, an interview was conducted in the form of a questionnaire from 12 experts, then the text of the interviews was coded openly, axially and selectively by content analysis method by maxqda software. Finally, 58 indicators were selected. Regarding the quantitative analysis of the data obtained from the closed questionnaire, the sample size was determined based on the study population and using Cochran's formula about 196 people. Then, by analyzing the exploratory factor by SPSS software, they were divided into 11 categories that the elements and items of the questionnaire are well correlated with each other, and finally all 58 indicators for this stage were approved. Which was tested using confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis. In order to refine and reliable the data, exploratory factor analysis of SPSS software and kmo test were used to ensure the adequacy of the sample size of the questionnaire and Bartlett sphericity test was used to test the correlation between variables. The structural model in the form of confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis, LISREL software has been used.

Since ancient neighborhoods are a symbol of the cultural and historical identity of cities and their destruction and destruction are at the root of the inhabitants' identity, there is a need to address these contexts and recreate them. Of course, the issue of worn-out and inefficient urban neighborhoods and recreation of these neighborhoods is a complex and multidimensional issue, so any issues related to recreational urban texture regeneration should be evaluated in a multidimensional way and a combination of different factors. In this study, systematically and systematically, the key proponents of effective regeneration of worn-out neighborhoods of District 12 of Tehran metropolis have been systematically identified and analyzed. In this study, first, 40 environmental factors were extracted in six different political, economic, socio-cultural, legal, managerial, and physical fields using environmental and Delphi techniques, and then using the Delphi method of managers, the cross-effects matrix of the components Is formed. In the next step, matrix analysis was performed through Miccom software. The results of scattering of variables in the influence axis and factor influencing in the Mickemak software indicate the instability of the system in recreating the study area and accordingly five variables were identified. Finally, given the high score of direct and indirect influence of the factors, ten key factors were identified as key drivers in the future recreation of the area. Among the factors considered, socio-cultural variables had the greatest impact on recreation of the study area and political factors had the least influence.

The city of Tabriz is one of the largest and most important cities in Iran, which is located in a very high risk area, adjacent to the Tabriz fault and having a population of 1558693 people and the existence of huge human, cultural and historical capital of Tabriz as the most dangerous city In terms of earthquake risk, it introduces and according to this, Tabriz fault is considered the most dangerous fault in the country. The existence of such conditions predicts the occurrence of a human catastrophe in Tabriz in the coming years. If the earthquake zoning plan of Tabriz city, carried out by Tehran Padir Company, has predicted 426 thousand human casualties for the Tabriz earthquake in a maximum of 426 thousand people. In this regard, the most important purpose of this article is to evaluate the vital impulses affecting the resilience of Tabriz city against possible earthquakes. The research method is based on common methods and models in futures research. The results of this study show that among forty factors affecting Resilience of Tabriz city against earthquakes Twelve factors which are fault activity, marginalization, population density, building resistance, damage rate, poverty, hazard zoning map, income, open space access, crisis budget, temporary housing and security are among Key and important factors for resilience of Tabriz city against earthquakes have been determined.