فصلنامه زیست شناسی تکوینی
سال دوازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 47، تابستان 1399)

Electromagnetic waves is effect factor on sexual glands and fertility The present study aimed to determine the effect of mobile phone waves and using garlic on sexual hormones in rats.

28 adult male rats with average weight of 236.5 g were selected. Rats were divided into 4 groups of 7. Experimental group A: Receiving 900 MHz microwave waves, experimental group B: receiving 20 ml the extract of cooked garlic, experimental group C: receiving 20 ml the extract of cooked garlic extract with microwave light at wave length 900 MHz, control group: untreated group with normal diet. Then the concentration of sexualhormones were measured.

Estrogen and hydroepiandrosterone levels that were exposured to electromagnetic wave were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P <0.05). The group with using garlic extract and receiving the wave of mobile phone simultaneously, there was a significant increasing in the concentration of estrogen, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone comparing to the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion and

Garlic extract could not offset the damaging effects of sexual hormones in rats were exposed to radiation and use garlic extract simultaneously.

Because of vast Habitat diversity, Iran harbors a unique plant and animal biodiversity. National conservation programs has begun 50 years ago in Iran, but nonetheless, the rate of extinction of animal species in this country is high and every year a list of Iranian endangered or threatened animal and plant species is published on the IUCN Red List. DNA barcoding is a molecular tool that uses standardized genetic primers, and amplification of a segment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I, to classify species. In recent years, this technique has become gradually widespread for the study and classification of species to prioritize biodiversity conservation activities.Iranian Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) is an endangered livestock breed with distribution in northwest of Iran. Given its severe population decline, it is important to pay more attention to this breed from a biodiversity conservation perspective. In this study, 6 Iranian Bactrian camel specimens were sampled and after DNA extraction the Barcode segment of mitochondrial COI gene was amplified and sequenced. Following bioinformatics analysis, the DNA barcode of the Iranian Bactrian camel was identified and recorded in the DNA Barcode of life Database (BoldSystem) with all habitat and morphological characteristics of the samples.

Burn wounds significantly heal the patient and these wounds are prone to infection with electrical energy and scar formation. The use of CO2 laser or nitrogen plasma along with the old methods of sterilization and whisper dressing to accelerate the process of blood clotting and wound healing. It may repair the natural process and be more effective than other treatments. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cold plasma on heat burn wound on the skin of adult Syrian mice in vivo. 24 adult male mice were randomly divided into control, fuel control, sham and experimental groups. After anesthesia and under sterile conditions, a circular wound with a diameter of 8 mm was created on the back of the mice's neck through hot body contact and caused burns as a zero day. Mice in experimental groups 1 to 3 were then treated daily for 30, 60 and 120 seconds, respectively, by cold or plasma irradiation of helium gas for one week. At the end of the treatment period, the sample bed was tested. The samples were tagged in Bowen and after molding with paraffin, 5 micron thick sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and stained. Wound healing is achieved by examining parameters such as the thickness of the stratum corneum, epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, the number of hair follicles and the diameter and number of blood vessels in the skin. Macroscopic examination of the wound site showed that the team of mice with cold plasma reduced the diameter of the burned area. Also, the thickness of skin layers (horny layers, epidermis, dermis and hypodermis) in experimental groups increased significantly (P <0.001) compared to the control group of fuel, as well as the number (P <0.001) and diameter of vessels. Dermal (P <0.01) was also increased compared to the control group of the fuel group. Wound area also decreased significantly (p <0.001) compared to the control group of fuel on the seventh day. The results showed that cold plasma irradiation of helium gas is effective in all performance indicators and by inducing it during burns can help accelerate wound healing.

Luffa cylindrica L. (Cucurbitaceae family) is an herbal plant with high medicinal and economical usage. Due to the salinity problem in soils of the country, the effect of salinity stress on the development of vegetative organs of luffa was investigated. Seeds were planted in pots (control and 3 treatments with four replications) and treated with 15, 30 and 45 mM NaCl under drip irrigation two weeks before flowering. The root, stem, leaf and petiole of plants were fixed in Glyceraldehide fixator solution. The common methods of cell – histology was used for preparing of section. Vegetative meristem was removed in different stages, fixed in FAA70% and maintained in ethanol70%. The microtome was used for vegetative meristem sections and staining was carried out with PAS (Periodic Acid Schiff) and Hematoxyline. The results showed increasing salinity decreased the height, internode distance and overall size of plant. Increasing salt concentration causes the growth in the thickness of methaxylem elements at the root, leads the stem to go to subsequent structure earlier than normal process, have the cell layers increase in number, and increase the activity of the generative layers. In leaves, findings also showed that different salt concentration lead to increasing of ladder parenchyma layers, number and length of trichomes. Under the treatment meristem vegetative tip of the stem was layered. At the higher concentration vegetative tip became wide and got homogeneous pigment similar to what is seen in generative meristem. This phenomenon can be the sign of premature aging of the plant.

Treatment of cancer by medicinal plants has long been of interest to researchers. In the meantime, some plant species contain substances that, through apoptosis or necrosis, can inhibit or eliminate cancer cells. The family of mint and chicory are among the medicinal plants that have many biological effects.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Pennyroyal and Artemisia extract on gastric cancer cell line (AGS).In this study, aerial parts of plants were extracted. AGS cells were treated with the concentrations of Hydroatanolic extract (50-1000 g / ml) at 24, 48 and 72 hours intervals. Cell motility was estimated using MTT method and the rate of induction of apoptosis by flow cytometry with The Annexin-V .The results of MTT assay showed strong and dependent inhibitors of the concentration of cancer cell proliferation by various extracts of Achillea and Salvia. These extracts have a doseand time dependent anti cancer effect on AGS cells. In the study of apoptosis in treated cells, the extract of the Pennyroyal was more effective. Due to the cytotoxic effects of hydrotanolic extracts on AGS cells, these plants can be used as potential option for further studies on cancer treatment. Therefore, the purification of the active ingredient in these extracts and the determination of their effect mechanism is recommended.

In this study, we reviewed the comparison the chemical content of active ingredient was isolated from Trachyspermum ammi Plant of three bioclimatic zones of Iran as preserver of Citrous fruits on the growth of Alternaria alternata, Penicillium digitatum, Aspergillus niger essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi fruit from different ecotypes were prepared by hydrodistillation in a Clevengertype apparatus and were quantified and identified by comparison with standard spectra after GC-MS analysis. Antifungal effect of essential oils was evaluated by disk diffusion method, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) and 50% inhibition of fungal growth (IC50). All essential oil ecotypes in the disk fusion method had a growth inhibition zone greater than 10 cm but we saw the growth of fungi with extracts and sweets of essential oil. The most effective ecotype of essential oils on the studied fungi were the Shiraz and Kerman ecotype for Aspergillus niger with MIC and MFC equal 125 and 250 ug/ml. The lowest percentage of growth inhibition is realated to essential oil of Shiraz for Alternaria alternata and Esfahan for Aspergillus niger in concentration 31/25 to 2000 ug/ml between (5/58-100%)-(5/3-100%). The finding of this study indicates that essential oil compared to extract and sweat of this plant has a significant antifungal effect on the fungi studied. So you can hope that in the future, replacing herbal essential oil instead of chemical antifungal drugs that always have a lot of side effects can used as citrus retainers.

The vascular system allows plants to rapidly transport water and nutrients over long distances between roots and other plant parts. It also provides mechanical support for the plant body. In this study, the effect of soil texture (light and heavy) and irrigation periods (24 and 48 days) were assayed on vascular transport defect of ovules and fruits blankness in two pistachio cultivars (Kalehghoochi and Ahmadaghae). Eight weeks after flowering, some branches were kept in disodium fluorescein solution. Then, the small fruits were sectioned by hand and studied with fluorescence microscopy for vascular defect. The rate of fruit blankness was determined at harvest time too. Overall levels of developed ovules (fruits) in each inflorescence as well as fruit blankness were studied. The fruits numbers were higher in shorter irrigation period (24 days) and heavy soil compared with longer irrigation period (48 days) and light soil. Also, the rate of vascular transport defect in ovules as well as fruit blankness were higher too. These results can be attributed to the higher number of fruits produced in high water availability and heavy soil, as optimal condition, and in results, their stronger competition for fruit filling. It was also shown that in comparison with Ahmadaghaee cultivar, the Kaleghoochi cultivar mostly through the vascular transport blocking in developing ovules (seeds) is resulted in blankness of fruits. Vascular transport defects can occur transiently and be repaired by the plant.