فصلنامه زیست شناسی تکوینی
سال دوازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 48، پاییز 1399)

The problem of infertility in the world today has become a social concern and can cause severe psychological trauma to couples. One of the most important ovarian cells are granulosa cells that affect the growth and maturation of oocytes. Exosomes are a special class of extracellular vesicles that can trigger cellular responses by signaling to cells. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the secretion of estradiol and testosterone in granulosa cells treated with exosomes secreted from bone marrow stem cells. In this study, bone marrow stem cells were cultured and the culture medium of cells containing exosomes was collected. Subsequently, the presence and diameter of exosomes were examined using atomic force microscopy and electron microscopy. Finally, the concentration of hormones secreted from granulosa cells was assessed by ELISA method. The results obtained by atomic force microscopy and electron microscopy confirmed the presence of exosomes with an approximate diameter of 70 nm and also treatment of mice ovarian granulosa cells with exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells increased the secretion of estradiol and testosterone by these cells. The results of this study confirm the effect of exosomes derived from bone marrow on the secretion of sex hormones and the effect on fertility

The Halophytic plant of Ashanan With Scientific name Seidlitzia rosmarinous From the Chenopodiceae family, Plant with applications in various industries Which often grow in saline and alkaline areas, deserts and salt marsh as indigenous and adapted species. In the present study plant of ashnan Using three solvents, ethanol, methanol and water were extracted by Soxhlet method, Then, the ethanolic extract was examined phytochemically. In order to identify the chemical compounds and elements available in the plant Respectively, GC / MS analysis was performed on methanol extract and EDS analysis on Ashnan powder. also, the content of some of the early metabolites, such as protein, fiber and carbohydrate, was measured in plant powder. Finally, its antioxidant activity was evaluated using the ABTS test. the highest Weighted Efficiency was related to water solvent extraction. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of alkaloids compounds, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids and glycosides, and the absence of terpenoids. The GC / MSS analysis showed the presence of 51 chemical compounds, and the EDS analysis showed the presence of 8 elements in the plant. The most antioxidant activity is in the ethanolic extract. Based on the results Ashnan plant can be a natural antioxidant, In Sanitary, medicine and food industries. Also, the presence of sodium, chlorine and calcium elements in the plant indicates saltiness of the Ashnan plant. It can be very important to manage environmental problems and cultivate in saline soils.

Hot spring extreme ecosystems are important biological resources for identifying the genetic stocks of thermophilic microorganisms and their biological characteristics in terms of tolerance and survival in high temperatures in order to use of their potential in various industries and biotechnology. Although there have been many studies on the microbiome of these biomass in recent years in the world, so far few studies have been done on such indigenous extreme environments of Iran. Iran has a variety of geothermal and volcanic areas which contained numerous unique springs with antimicrobial and antifungal, anti-rheumatism and other muscle aches properties. In this study, the identification of composition of different taxa of the bacterial community of Qeynarjeh hot spring as one of the hottest chloride springs in the world with the temperature of 86◦ C was performed by independent cultivation methods using next generation sequencing techniques. For quantitative profiling of the relevant bacterial community or so-called metagenomics analysis, 16s rRNA gene libraries were constructed from three functional regions of taxonomic classification V1 to V3 with barcoded primers. By bioinformatics analysis, 200 different taxa belonging to different bacterial families and genera were identified with MG-RAST and SILVAngs systems. The dominant taxa with the most abundant, are respectively: Pediococcus acidilactici، uncultured (unclassified) bacterium، Lactobacillus rhamnosus، Thermus scotoductus، Thermus sp. HR13 و Thermus sp. BXR.

Lung cancer is one of the major causes of cancer deaths. The activation of fgf signals, including fgf-9, is involved in the pathogenesis of several cancers, including lung cancer. Also, fgf-9 may be an indicator for prognosis and is associated with survival rates in patients with NSCLC. Therefore, in this study, the rate of fgf-9 gene expression in the serum patients with lung cancer was investigated. Analysis

In this study, 50 serum samples of healthy subjects and 50 serum samples of NSCLC patients were collected from patients referring to Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran and were collected by questionnaires, individual and clinical data of the subjects. Then, Plasma isolation, RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, primer design were performed and the rate of changes of fgf-9 expression in the serum of healthy and lung cancer patients was evaluated using Real Time PCR. REST software was used to analyze the results.

In this study, the expression of fgf-9 gene was not significantly different in the serum of patients with the first to third stages of metastasis but in the serum of people with stage IV metastasis the level of expression of fgf-9 gene had a significant reduction of 4.46 (p < 0.05) times than normal samples.

According to the results of this study, if these results are confirmed in more samples, the level of the fgf-9 gene expression in the serum of individuals can probably be used in the future to predict the stage of metastasis of lung cancer

One of the new fields in nanotechnology is the use of nanogels to improve the release of drug and increase its antimicrobial effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of Artemisia diffusa extract encapsulated in hyaluronic acid nanogels against the pathogenic bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, A. diffusa extract was first obtained by maceration method using aqueous solvent. The extract was then encapsulated in hyaluronic acid nanogels and the nanogels prepared were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) methods. The release of the extract was also investigated at different times, temperatures and pHs. Finally, the antimicrobial effects of nanogels encapsulated extract and free extract against the pathogenic bacteria were investigated by the lowest inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. The results showed that the synthesized nanogels had a spherical structure and an average size of 85 nm. FTIR results also showed that the extract was trapped within the nanogel structure. The release rate of the extract had a good pattern. Antimicrobial results showed that the nanogels encapsulated extract had lower MIC than the extract. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that hyaluronic acid nanogels encapsulated extract have significant antimicrobial effects and it can be used in the pharmaceutical industry in the future with more studies.

The study of mesenchymal stem cells showed that induction of autophagy in MSCs increased sensitivity to oxidative stress Maharatophagy induced resistance of MSCs to oxidative stress and increased survival of MSCs compared to control cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oxidative stress on the Nrf2 cell signaling pathway in mesenchymal stem cells. The present study was conducted at the Pharmaceutical Micro-Technology Research Center of Tabriz Medical Sciences in 2017. In this experimental study, mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in DMEM-F12 medium and after trypsinization, re-culture was performed and the fourth cell passage was selected. Then it was examined using MTT assay method. DNA extraction was performed from treated cells and DNA Ladder assay was performed. After cDNA preparation, the expression of Nrf2 genes in mesenchymal stem cells was measured by real-time PCR. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. done. The results showed that oxidative stress could activate the Nrf2-Nngoi cell signaling pathway and that stem cells could inhibit stress through this pathway. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen this pathway through dietary antioxidants and supplements to increase the effectiveness of cell therapy.

The identification of Anura amphibians species in the southeastern cities of Tehran province was examined through histological studies. 4 main stations (i.e. Pakdasht, Varamin, Qarchak, Pishva) were selected in the southeast of Tehran province. Then, 24 samples specimens were preserved at 10% formalin solution and transferred to the laboratory for histological studies. Studies have shown that in one group of samples (Green Toad, Pseudepidalea (Bufo) viridis) there were toxin-producing glands. In this group, the 3-layer epithelium and below it the chromatophores were quite visible. Beneath them were large glands that produce toxins, followed by connective tissue and then striped muscles. In a group of amphibians (Marsh frog, Pelophylax (Rana) ridibunda) collected, a 4-layer epithelium was observed that divided itself into two subgroups: some with mucosal secretory glands and some without mucosal glands, but in the latter two groups, chromatophores, connective tissue, striped muscles and cartilage were seen. Another group of amphibians found that the epithelium was three-layered but had no venom-producing glands or no mucosal glands, but two features were seen in histological observations, such as some with cartilage and some without cartilage. The results of histological studies showed that in addition to morphological, morphological and genetic studies, histological studies can be used to identify of Anura. These differences indicate the possibility of polymorphism in the Marsh frog species.