نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال بیست و ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 145، خرداد و تیر 1400)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a very prevalent and complex hormonal imbalance that affects almost 5 to 10% of women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine and histomorphometric changes of ovary in polycystic ovary syndrome induced in rats by letrozole after administration of Evening primrose oil.

In this experimental study conducted in 2019, 32 healthy rats with a mean weight of 200 to 250 g were included in the study. The mice were randomly divided into 4 equal groups; Group 1: EPO at dose of 500 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally for twenty-eight days. Group 2: PCOS was administered orally at letrozole at dose of 1 mg/kg body weight for 28 days. The third group: PCOS was induced and for twenty-eight days, EPO at dose of 500 mg/kg was administered by intraperitoneal injection and the fourth group was induced by PCOS and EPO at a dose of 1000 mg/kg for twenty-eight days. It was administered by intraperitoneal injection. Finally, after fixing the ovarian tissues, histological sections were prepared serially and folliculogenesis was performed based on counting different types of follicles. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests.

Histomorphometric data showed that EPO at dose of 500 mg/kg increased corpus luteum in the PCOS group treated with EPO compared with the control group (p <0.05). EPO also reduced cystic follicles in both doses compared to the control group (p <0.05)

According to the results of histomorphometric study of ovarian tissue, it can be suggested that EPO can have beneficial effects on polycystic ovary syndrome by improving the maturation of follicles.

Decreased beta-cell mass has a role in the pathogenesis of human type 2 diabetes and in rodent diabetes models. The study of plant extracts is important as they possibly inhibit the reduction of beta cell mass and the islets of Langerhans. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of leaf extract of P. harmala on streptozotocin-induced apoptosis in rat pancreatic tissue.

In this experimental study that was conducted in 2016, a number of 32 male rats (250±10g) were acquired from the Pasteur Institute of Iran and randomly divided into four groups (n= 8), including control, diabetic, diabetic and experimental treated with P. harmala leaf extract. Diabetic groups were given 60 mg/kg streptozotocin. After confirming the induction of diabetes on the tenth day, methanolic leaf extract (150 mg/kg) was administered by gavage for 28 days for the groups treated with the extract. The extracted content of the P. harmala leaf was then analyzed by HPLC. Subsequently, rats’ serum glucose level was assessed, and the pancreatic tissue was removed. Following H&E and AgNOR staining, the number of beta cells and the diameter of the islets were measured. Finally, the collected data were analyzed by SPSS software.

the results showed that the P. harmala leaf extract is rich in flavonoid compounds. A significant difference was observed in the serum glucose concentrations on days 10, 14, and 28 between the diabetic and control groups (p≤0.001), but there was no meaningful difference between the diabetic group treated with the leaf extract and the diabetic group. The mean islet diameter reduced significantly in the diabetic group relative to the control group (p≤ 0.01), while the difference was insignificant between the diabetic group treated with the leaf extract and the diabetic group. Besides, the experimental groups under treatment did not show any meaningful difference with the control group.

In spite of the fact that the P. harmala leaf extract contains flavonoids and phenolic compounds, unlike previous studies, it could not improve the side effects of streptozotocin in the diabetic group.

Carotenoids have received much attention due to their conversion to vitamin A in the body, reducing the risk of destructive diseases, antioxidant activity, improving immune function and their application as edible colors.

In this quasi-experimental study conducted in 2018, 24 male albino mice were included in the study and randomly divided into 3 groups of 8. The two groups received 32 mg/kg and 16 mg/kg carotenoids peritoneally. The control group received 0.5 ml of distilled water intraperitoneally, then blood sampling was performed and liver health in mice was assessed by measuring the GGT, ALP, SGOT and SGPT factors. The obtained results were analyzed using analysis of variance and Anova statistical tests in SPSS21 software.

In this study, the amount of carotenoids isolated from the yeast of Rhodoturola glutenis was equal to 0.1 mg/L and the results of the related food industry with a purity of: 12.21 mg%, moisture content of 18 mg/L, ash. Total: 9.6 mg percent, volatiles: 9.8 mg percent, acid number 7.3 mg percent and pH: 5.5 was stated. The mean activity of SGOT, SGPT, ALP in the 32 and 16mg/kg injections was not significantly different with the control group. But the mean of GGT activity in the 32mg/kg treated group was significantly less than the 16mg/kg injection group.

According to the results of this study, Rhodotorula glutinis carotenoids was not significantly different in liver enzyme activity in treatment and control group. But, the GGT activity is an important marker of oxidative stress. The mean of GGT activity in the 32mg/kg injection group was significantly less than other group. On the other hand, gammaglutamyl transferase is one of the markers of oxidative stress. Due to the inverse activity of GGT and its antioxidant properties, the reason for the decrease in the activity of this enzyme in the injected group at a dose of 32 mg / kg carotenoid is probably the dose-dependent antioxidant effects of most carotenoids. So, it is recommended to use it as a supplement in the food industry.

Adipose tissue is not just a source of excess energy storage, but an endocrine organ that regulates biological functions by endocrine role by releasing adipokines that act like real hormones. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise intensity and saffron supplementation on the response of adipokines to insulin resistance markers in obese and overweight women.

The present research method is quasi-experimental. Among obese and overweight women using G-Power software, 42 obese women with a body mass index above 25 were selected in a purposeful and accessible manner and randomly divided into six groups of intense intermittent exercise, continuous exercise, control, Intense intermittent exercise with saffron supplement, continuous exercise with saffron supplement and saffron supplement group were divided. After the initial sampling, the intervention groups worked for eight weeks. In order to eliminate the response of the last training session, blood sampling was performed 48 hours after the last training session. All data analysis was performed at a significance level of P≤0.05 with analysis of covariance.

There was a significant difference in the variables of weight, body mass index and fat percentage between the control group and training interventions and saffron (P<0.005). In the irizin variable, the results showed that there was a significant difference between periodic exercise + saffron, endurance + saffron with the control group (P=0.001). But there was no significant difference between the periodic training group + saffron and the endurance + saffron group (P= 0.9). In the lipocalin variable, the results showed that there was a significant difference between training interventions and saffron (except endurance training intervention) with the control group. The results also showed that there was no significant difference between the periodic training group + saffron and the intense periodic training group (P=0.7). The results also showed that there was no significant difference between the endurance group (P=0.1) and saffron (P=0.9) in the LDL variable compared to the control group. In the HDL variable, the only group that was significantly different from the control group was the intense periodic exercise group + saffron (P=0.03). In the cholesterol variable, the only group that was significantly different from the control group was the intense periodic exercise group + saffron (P=0.003). There was a significant difference in the triglyceride variable of the severe periodic group + saffron (P=0.001) and also the severe periodic group (P=0.03) with the control group. There is a significant difference in insulin and insulin resistance between all groups (except saffron) and the control group (P=0.001). The results also showed that there was no significant difference between insulin changes and insulin resistance between any of the exercise interventions (P=0.9). There was no significant difference in glucose between any of the groups (P=0.9).

Saffron and higher intensity activity can have regulatory effects on the bodychr('39')s metabolic balance: The use of saffron and exercise improves the serum lipid profile and ultimately leads to improved insulin resistance.

Most medical research to estimate the time interval after death depends on the physicochemical properties of the decomposition and the effects that environmental factors have on the decomposition process, but microorganisms settle in larger hosts and change over time. Found and known as microbial populations of decaying human bodies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the presence of Clostridium perfringens in the liver of male and female corpses as an indicator for measuring the elapsed time of death.

In this experimental study that was conducted in 2019, 34 human bodies were found in different ways such as; Murder, suicide and suspected death. Samples were prepared and after homogenization cultured on blood agar and SPS media under anaerobic conditions using pack gas in Kendel Jar. Afterward they were characterized using gram staining, catalase and oxidase, and other diagnostic tests such as hemolysis, stormy fermentation, and nagler tests. Then for the confirmation of presence of Clostridum PCR was done using standard isolates from Razi Institute with code No: ATCC 13124 and finally relationship between the isolated bacterium and death process were evaluated.

The results obtained from the tests indicated that 8 bacterial strains were isolated from which 2 isolates were Gram negative, 2 isolates were Gram positive with different characterization of  Clostridium and 4 strains belonged to Clostridium based on 16SrRNA gene and product size of 722bp. In the samples taken, the time after death was reported to be between 19 and 192 hours according to the information contained in the files of the deceased by forensic medicine. In all four isolated samples, the time after death was determined to be more than 50 hours.

Although in normal condition it could be estimated the time of death according to examination of the body, freezing a corpse, cyanosis of the corpse and coldness of the body, but according to the results obtained from this study it could be concluded that There is a relationship between the presence of Clostridium strain in the liver and the time elapsed since death.

Macro policies in the field of health tourism should be designed and implemented taking into account the facilities and environmental resources in order to provide a good opportunity to provide quality medical services to foreign patients referring to the country and create their satisfaction. The purpose of the present study was to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the management of health tourism development in Fars province.

The present qualitative-exploratory study was conducted in 2019. 20 experts active in the field of health tourism were selected by purposive sampling method with maximum diversity. After obtaining informed consent from the participants, the research data were collected by semi-structured in-depth interview method and then recorded in Maxqda-10 software and analyzed using directional and summary composite content analysis. In this method, the units of analysis in each step were the paragraphs recorded by the researcher in the process of interviewing the participants. During the content analysis process, different codes were first reviewed, then grouped into subcategories, and finally 70 subcategories and 23 main categories. The five themes of structural, behavioral, environmental, conservation and development were integrated. The collected data were analyzed using paired comparison matrix test with hierarchical analysis process.

The results of the present study revealed that the factors affecting the management of health tourism development in Fars province consist of 5 main categories including: structural factors, development and optimization, environmental, behavioral, and protective. The relative weights identified for each of these factors were 0.512, 0.276, 0.128, 0.053 and 0.032, respectively.

Structural, developmental and optimization, environmental, behavioral, and conservation factors had relative weight and significant incompatibility rates for health tourism development management. Therefore, the results of the present study inform high-level decision makers where and how to focus their efforts and resources to have the maximum impact on the management of health tourism development at the local and national levels.

Vaginal candidiasis infection is the second most common disease after bacterial vaginitis, affecting about 75% of women at least once in their lifetime. 85 to 90% of these infections are caused by Candida albicans species. Various factors, including genetic and immunology factors, play an important role in the development of this disease . Interleukin 19 is one of the important cytokines in the immune system and has several polymorphisms in the promoter region. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between IL-19 gene polymorphisms (rs2243191 and rs1028181) and recurrent candidiasis vulvovaginitis.

The present case-control study was performed on 100 patients with recurrent vaginal candidiasis and 110 healthy individuals during 2016-2019. Five mL venous blood was taken from each participant and transferred to a tube containing EDTA anticoagulant. Genomic DNA was isolated using a special kit; the PCR chain reaction was performed by ARMS method and data were analysed in patients and control subjects using Chi square test and SPSS software.

The results of the present study revealed that no significant difference was seen in frequency of GG, AG and AA genotypes in the position of both rs2243191 and rs1028181 IL-19 gene in both patients and the control group (P> 0.05). Also, no significant difference was observed in frequency of both A and G alleles in the mentioned positions between patients and the control group (P> 0.05).

No significant association between IL-19 gene polymorphism at positions (rs2243191 T / C and rs1028181-513T / C) and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis was observed.

Marital conflicts are a common problem among young couples. Many visits to psychological centers are due to marital conflicts each year. Lack of knowledge of communication skills, affectionate styles, insufficient knowledge of the spousechr('39')s personality traits are among the factors that cause conflicts. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of the treatment group based on the training of DSM- 5 personality types on reducing marital conflicts.

The present study was a quasi-experimental survey with a pre and post-test without control group design. The statistical population of the study was 16 couples who referred to the group therapy announcement in the fall of 2019 to reduce marital conflicts. The participants were from high social and economic classes of the society and their level of education was bachelor and higher. At first, couples answered the test of marital conflict. Then, the personality types were trained in 8 sessions, each session lasting 1 hour. Members were assessed before and after training with the Sanai Marital Conflict Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using dependent t-test.

The results indicated that group training of personality types is effective in reducing marital conflicts. A significant difference was seen between the mean of pre-test and post-test data (p <002 and 4.71) (t = 13) so that the overall mean of marital conflicts of members was significantly lower after the treatment group than the mean of their conflicts before the group. Has been therapeutic. There is a significant difference in all subscales of marital conflicts after group training (p <0.05) with the exception of subscale to attract child support and increase relationships with relatives.

Thus, it can be concluded that increasing the couplechr('39')s awareness of each otherchr('39')s personality type and recognizing their strengths and weaknesses can be an effective step in reducing marital conflicts. Also, the couplechr('39')s desire increased after learning about cognitive types to follow individual therapy sessions and resolve intra-psychological conflicts.

School health, especially in primary schools, is important in that children spend an important period of their lives in school. The favorable school environment facilitates the academic performance of students. The aim of this study was to investigate the environmental health and safety status of primary schools in Gachsaran in 2017.

The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted in the 2018-2017 academic year. Schools were surveyed by census, in which out of 42 schools, 37 primary schools in Gachsaran were willing to cooperate. The data collection tool (checklist) was the evaluation form of environmental health and safety regulations of the schools, the collected data were extracted from the checklists. These data were then analyzed using chi-square test and 95% confidence level.

According to the results of the present study, only 3 schools (8.1%) were newly built (less than 15 years old). In terms of the proportion of Faucet to students, there was one drinking water for every 45 people in 18 schools (48.6%). Desks in twenty-six schools (70.3%) were in good condition. Thirty schools (81.1%) were not close to environmental and noise pollution sources, factories and cemeteries. Classrooms in seventeen schools (45.9%) did not have proper ventilation and cooling systems. a significant relationship was seen between public and private schools with cooling and ventilation systems (P=0.04).

Based on the present results, the environmental health and safety status of primary schools in Gachsaran was not assessed as appropriate. These schools faced with shortcomings related to the building (such as being old or unsuitable location of the school building and the mismatch between the school area and the number of students), drinking fountains, toilets, benches, green space and ventilation and cooling system. These deficiencies require more attention from the authorities to improve the current situation.

Tooth occlusion is a common anomaly that is caused by several factors including local and systemic factors. The most common teeth that may be occluded are tertiary permanent teeth, maxillary canines, maxillary and mandibular premolars, and maxillary central incisors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of occlusion of different teeth in patients referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Clinic in Yasuj during 2017-2018

In this retrospective study, 2536 digital panoramic radiographs were studied among patients who were over 14 years old and referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Clinic in Yasuj during the years 2016 to 2017. Patients with a history of trauma, developmental abnormalities, syndromic, pathological problems, and edentulousness were excluded. Radiographs were taken with the VATECH digital panoramic device (pax-i3D). The graphs were examined and a tooth was considered to be occluded, which was prevented from growing normally by a bone or a lateral tooth, as well as a tooth whose occlusal surface was visibly lower than the occlusal surface of adjacent teeth. Chi-square test was used to examine the relationship between age and type of impacted teeth and the difference between men and women in terms of impacted teeth.

Out of 2536 patients, the maxillary molar teeth (number=57) were 2.2%, mandibular molar teeth (number = 46) 1.8%, maxillary canine (number=39), 1.5%, maxillary premolars, respectively. Number=8) 30%, canine (number=7) 3% and incisor (number=4) was 4.2%, which had the most impacted teeth related to the maxillary molars and there were no mandibular premolars and mandibular incisors in this study. There was no significant difference between age and sex in terms of latency.

Dental occlusion in Yasuj city is not considered high, and the highest prevalence of occlusion is after maxillary molars, mandibular molars and maxillary canines. Therefore, if the canine teeth do not grow in time, radiography is recommended to examine their occlusion and use appropriate treatment.

Fallot tetralogy (TOF) is one of the most common diseases among congenital heart cyanotic abnormalities. 25% of these patients have a right aortic arch. On the other hand, the right aortic arch is often associated with syndromes, heterotaxia, and misplaced origins of the aortic branches. Knowing this is necessary for the surgeon before corrective surgery and for drawing a roadmap for less complicated surgery is very helpful and necessary.Therefore, the aim of present study was to determine and evaluate aortic arch disorders in patients with tetralogy of Fallot.

In the present retrospective study, 332 cases of TOF patients were referred by the pediatric cardiology department was reviewed for preoperative angiography during surgery from 2006 to 2016 to the angiography wards of Namazi and Shahid Faghieh hospitals. Had been reviewed. All patients underwent diagnostic angiography before surgery and their angiographic film was reported and recorded. In this study, all existing preoperative angiography records were carefully reviewed and all available information and how to orient the aortic arch and its abnormalities, if any, were recorded. The collected data were analyzed using .chi-squared ... test.

Out of 332 people included in the study, 312 were children and 20 were adults. The age distribution of patients was determined from one month to 36 years. A total of 77 patients (23.2%) had right aortic arch among 208 males and 124 females. In one of these patients, an interupted aortic arch was reported. In terms of sex distribution, right aortic arch was observed in 22.1% of male patients and 24.9% of female patients, which did not show a clear statistical difference (p=0.5). No abnormalities of the aortic branches were seen in this study.

A significant percentage of patients with TOF have right aortic arch (22%) and aortic arch disorders such as a ruptured aortic arch may be seen with it. Knowing the position of the aorta, arch abnormalities, and abnormal branches of the aorta before surgery will be a great help for the surgeon to have a roadmap to reduce intraoperative and postoperative complications and speed the patientchr('39')s recovery.

Hermansky-Podlock Syndrome (HPS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by major defects in protein trafficking. HPS is characterized by ocular cutaneous albinism, the absence of dense platelet granules, and the resulting bleeding diathesis. Therefore, due to the rarity of Hermansky-Podlock syndrome, the aim of the present study was to report a case of this disease.

Case Report: 

Case was a term male neonate with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, born of a 28-year-old mother. On initial examination by a pediatrician, oculo-cutaneous albinism was observed with nystagmus and bruising of the cheek.

The request for a thrombocytopenia count of the infant was confirmed to be due to thrombocytopenia. Further efforts were made to educate the infantchr('39')s family to take action for skin care through consultation with dermatologists to prevent infection.