فصلنامه روان شناسی مدرسه
سال دهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 38، تابستان 1400)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of educational supervision and guidance (supervision) of principals on the sense of efficiency, collective efficiency and job motivation of primary school teachers. The experimental research method was unequal with the control group with the pretest posttest design. The statistical population of the study was all primary school teachers in Arak (697 people) from which 40 people with more than 15 years of work experience and master's degree and above were selected. Completed. The research sample was randomly replaced in two groups of 20 people. The first group, their managers were trained in training supervision and supervision (supervision) and the managers of the second group did not receive any intervention. The results showed that the participation of managers in the educational supervision and guidance (supervision) course has an effect on teachers' sense of efficiency, collective efficiency and job motivation (p <0.05). Therefore, this intervention strategy can be used to improve the efficiency and job motivation of primary school teachers.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindful parenting training on anxiety in children aged 7 to 12 years with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The research method was experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The sample consisted of 30 mothers of children aged 7 to 12 years with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (based on clinical interview and completion of the Connors Parent Scale) who were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Pre-test and post-test stages completed the Spence Anxiety Scale. The therapeutic intervention was a mindfulness parenting training package for mothers that was conducted in eight two-hour sessions. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and analysis of covariance. The results showed that mindful parenting reduces the anxiety of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (P <0.01). Due to the effectiveness of this program in reducing anxiety in children with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder, the design and intervention of this program are recommended for parents of children with this disorder and other groups of developmental disabilities.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of cognitive bias components in the behavior of investors (teachers) in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The research method is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the study included all teachers investing in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, which was selected by available sampling method 384 people. Measurement tools also included researcher-made questionnaires that after design and validation, its validity and reliability were evaluated by professors and statistical methods. Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous regression analysis were used to identify and compare the severity and effect of cognitive bias components. The results showed that except for severe bias, all components of self-confidence, conservatism, ambiguity, mental accounting, stress, behavioral disorder and eventfulness (retrospective) affected the behavior of investors and entered the regression model (p<0.01). Given the level of significance, these components play a significant role in predicting investor behavior. It should be noted that irrational decisions, influenced by cognitive biases, cause the inefficiency of financial markets by creating price bubbles and ultimately to the detriment of all investors.

The purpose of this study was to developing and assessing the effectiveness of painting therapy program based on mindfulness on social skills of high-functioning autism students. This study was experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group.Statistical population of the study all students with high function autism the exceptional schools of Ardebil city in the academic year of 2018-2019, among which 30 students with high function autismwere selected through available sampling method and was replaced randomly assigned to the experimental group (n= 15) and control group (n= 15). The research was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, a painting therapy based mindfulness program based on theoretical literature, research backgrounds, and programs was developed in ten sessions and its content validity was evaluated and validated by professors and experts. Participants in the experimental group received 10 sessions of painting therapy based on mindfulness. Eliot and Gresham Social Skills Questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using statistical analysis of MANCOVA. The results showed that students with high function autism in the experimental group compared to students with high function autism in the control group had significantly more social skills in post-test (p<0.01). Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of developing program painting therapy based on mindfulness can increasing social skills of students with high function autism.

The aim of this study was to predict cyberspace addiction based on academic alienation and psychological distress students. The method of study was correlational and the sample consisted of 150 high school students of Ardabil city selected by cluster sampling in 2020. To collect data, the questionnaires of Yang's Internet Addiction Questionnaire, Dillon and Grout's Educational Alienation, and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress (DAS-21 (were used and the collected data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results indicated Addiction to cyberspace has been positively associated with academic alienation and psychological distress (anxiety, depression, and stress). In other words, academic alienation and psychological distress were able to predict cyberspace addiction (P<0.01). Therefore, psychologists by teaching appropriate measures in order to reduce psychological and communication problems in students should take necessary actions to reduce the severity of addiction to cyberspace in this vulnerable group of society.

The aim of study was to prediction of positive attitude to delinquency based on Self-Compassion, spiritual intelligence and cognitive self-awareness of high school students. The method of research was descriptive correlational. The study population included all high school students who were first and second grade in the first semester of the academic year 95-1394, (N=17500). were studying in schools in Ardabil. From this population, sample of 300 subjects (78 females, 222 males) were selected by cluster sampling method and required data were collected using a scale to measure attitudes toward criminal behavior of Fazli, Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire of Salovey and Mayer, self-compassion scale of Neff and cognitive self-awareness of RilooValik questionnaires. Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is a significant negative correlation between Self-Compassion, spiritual intelligence, cognitive self-awareness and a positive attitude to crime (p<0.05). Regression analysis showed that Self-Compassion, cognitive self-awareness and spiritual intelligence by explanation of 6% of the variance of total score positive attitude to delinquency and 11% of the variance of subscale of Self-Compassion, it has predictability of the criterion variable (p<0.05). These findings have shown needs to serious attention of planners, consultants and authorities to issue of a positive attitude to crime of students. And it has implications for the use of interventions related to self-compassion, spiritual intelligence, cognitive self-awareness to prevention negative consequences of positive attitude to delinquency.

The aim of this study was to investigate the modeling of Internet addiction based on social support with mediation alexithymia in high school students. The method of the present study was descriptive and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study consisted of all high school students in Sari in the academic year of 2014-2015. 361 students (178 girls and 183 boys) were randomly selected and completed the Zimt Social Support Scale, the Toronto Mediation Alexithymia Scale, and the Kimberly Young Internet Addiction Scale. The results of regression equations showed that social support has a direct effect on Internet addiction and indirectly mediation alexithymia. alexithymia have a positive and significant relationship with Internet addiction. Also, social support shows a negative and significant relationship with alexithymia (p <0.05). In total, the predictor variables predicted the 0.21 variance of Internet addiction. Therefore, in the field of Internet addiction in students, the variables of social support and alexithymia should be considered.

The present study was conducted with the effectiveness of parenting style modification training to mothers on the signs of coping disobedience in children aged 8 to 11 years in Shiraz. The present study was a quasi-experimental study in which the pre-test-post-test design was performed with the control group by baseline assessment after intervention and 3-month follow-up with the control group. A total of 40 mothers of male primary school students in the school year of 1399-99 in Shiraz, about 6789 students were studying in 32 public boys' primary schools, were randomly selected to test (correct parenting style) and control were assigned. All participants completed the Demographic Questionnaire, the Symptoms of Disobedience Questionnaire on Achenbach's Behavioral Inventory in three stages. Hypotheses related to the effectiveness of research interventions were analyzed using mixed analysis of variance as well as Bonferroni post hoc post hoc tests. The results of the present study showed that the mean of the symptoms of disobedience disorder in the pre-test stage was not significantly different between the two groups, which indicates the homogeneity of the two groups in the pre-test stage, but the difference between the two groups in the post-test and follow-up stages was significant. Which can indicate the effectiveness of the intervention on the mentioned variables and the stability of effectiveness in the follow-up stage. The results of this study showed that the mentioned treatment can be used as a psychological intervention in reducing the symptoms of confrontational disobedience in children aged 8 to 11 years. Due to the effectiveness of parenting style, this treatment can be prioritized.

The purpose of this study is the role of negative perfectionism, difficulty in emotional regulation and self-disability in predicting academic boredom of high school male students in the second year of Kermanshah. The statistical population of the study included all students studying in the second year of high school in Kermanshah (n=3821). 600 people were selected as a sample using multi-stage cluster sampling. To collect data from the Packran et al. Academic Boredom Questionnaire, the Jones & Rodwalt  Self-Disability Questionnaire, the Terry Short et al. Negative Perfectionism Scale, and the Emotional Regulation Difficulty Questionnaire Graz and Roemer was used. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the dimensions of emotional regulation difficulties, negative perfectionism and self-disability with academic boredom (P≥0.001). Also, the results of multiple regression by stepwise method showed that 65% of the variance of academic boredom is explained by the components of emotional regulation difficulties and self-disability. Therefore, it is suggested that the necessary coordination between counseling centers and school counselors be emphasized more while improving emotion regulation, self-disability and perfectionism, to provide the ground for reducing academic boredom.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on executive functions and emotion regulation in overweight and obese adolescents. The present study is a pre-test, post-test with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of obese and overweight male students in Isfahan who referred to health centers in Isfahan city in 1397. The sample consisted of 36 obese and overweight male students who were selected by convenience sampling from those referring to health centers in Isfahan. Research tools including Graz and Romer emotion regulation difficulty questionnaire, Wisconsin and Stroop test were used to measure executive functions. The results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was effective on BMI, emotion regulation and executive functions (p <0.001) but was not significant in interaction with BMI (p> 0.05). These findings may explain the utility of mindfulness-based approaches to adolescent obesity by influencing the executive functions of the brain and emotion regulation of adolescences.