فصلنامه خون
سال هجدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 73، پاییز 1400)

Assessing the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) of blood-borne infections detection kits are important indicators in the evaluation and use of the kit.

The present study is a descriptive study. The sensitivity of the kit was calculated using the panels of Boston Biomedica Company, definite positive samples of Iranian patients, and the specificity and PPV of the kits in two groups of low-risk )1646371) and high-risk (2525). The results were analyzed with descriptive statistics, SPSS 26, and OR statistical test. (p < 0.05)

In evaluating Monalisa HBs Ag ULTRA, Bio-Rad, and Genscreen ULTRA HIV Ag/Ab kits, Bio-Rad is even more sensitive than reference kits (Enzygnost HBsAg 6.0, Siemens, HIV Ag/Ab Biomerieux) and in the case of Monalisa Anti-HCV kit PLUS Version 3, Bio-Rad sensitivity was equal to 98.6% of the reference kit (Ortho HCV 3.0 Enhanced SAVE). The results of the specificity evaluation in the high-risk group by three kits of HBs Ag, Anti HCV, and HIV Ag/Ab were 99.56%, 100%, and 99.80%, respectively. The results of the evaluation of PPV in the same three kits in the low-risk group were 41.4%, 31.30%, and 6.07% and in the high-risk group they were reported to be 72.5%, 100% and 37.5%, respectively.

Conclusions  :

The results of the present study, in addition to the appropriateness of sensitivity and specificity of the studied kits, showed a significant difference in PPV in communities with different viral prevalence and emphasized the importance of paying attention to prevalence in order to select kits and methods used for viral screening or diagnosis.

Previous studies have suggested an association between the importance of CD40L and B lymphocytes. CD40L derived from platelets plays an important role in the activation of B lymphocytes and humoral immunity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of purified CD40L from platelet product on the survival and activation of Daudi cells as an available surrogate cell line for peripheral blood B lymphocytes.

In an experimental study, Purified CD40L from platelet product was exposed to Daudi cells at concentrations of 500 and 1000 ng/mL. After 48 and 72 hours of exposure, cell survival was studied with MTT assay and CD27 expression with flow cytometry. SPSS software and Independent T Test and Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis.

The results showed a significant increase in cell survival at 48 hours after exposure to 1000 ng/mL of CD40L with p = 0.04 (0.61 ± 0.41) compared to the control group with the mean of 0.30 ± 0.15 while in 500 ng/mL with (0.58 ± 0.35), it was insignificant. CD27 expression did not show a significant increase in all concentrations.

Soluble CD40L has been effective in the survival of Daudi cells at higher concentrations. A slight increase in CD27 as one of the activation markers of B lymphocytes suggests the need to provide more appropriate conditions such as the use of cytokines in the cell culture medium.

Apheresis is an efficient method for collecting blood products such as plasma, platelets, red and white blood cells. Considering the importance of donor health and due to the limited number of apheresis donorschr('39') health related articles, we decided to investigate the effect of apheresis on platelet count, hemoglobin, hematocrit levels, and total leukocyte counts of donors.

A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 25 donors who were eligible for inclusion criteria in the study from May 2016 to January 2017. Samples were taken from donors before and after platelet apheresis and also 7 days after platelet apheresis to be tested on blood cells. CBC samples were analyzed with calibrated Mindray BC 300 cell counter device and then results were recorded in the prepared checklist and analyzed by SPSS 23 software.

Twenty five male donors had a mean age of  32.4 ± 9.97 years, minimum age 19 and maximum 59 and average weight 85.84 ± 17.2  kg, and mean height  178.2 ± 6.69. There was no significant change in WBC, RBC, HCT, and Hb before and after apheresis and 7 days later in Haemonetics MCS+. Platelet counts decreased immediately after donation from 235.720 ± 52.109  to 176.400 ± 44.240  (103/μL) and it reached to the level of before donation after 7 days (243.400 ± 67.399)(103 /μL).

Conclusions :

There was no significant change in WBC, RBC, HCT, and Hb before and 7 days after donation.

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) requires cell-to-cell communication to cause infection. The increase in the number of cells infected with virus in turn increases the likelihood of virus transmission and progression of disease. Host immune system responses and genetics factors can affect the susceptibility to virus. Thus, in this study, for the first time the polymorphism in PD-1 gene promoter, which is involved in the negative regulation of immune responses, was evaluated in the HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers and the healthy controls in the Iranian population in 2020.

In this case-control study, genomic DNAs of 81 HTLV-1 asymptomatic carrier  blood donors and 162 healthy blood donors in Khorasan Razavi province were extracted and the rs36084323 polymorphisms  were genotyped with PCR- RFLP method. To confirm the genotyping results, PCR products were sequenced. The results were analyzed using SPSS-22 statistical software based on chi-square test.

The frequencies of G and A alleles of rs36084323 polymorphism were 75% and 25% in the control group and 79.6% and 20.4% in the case group, respectively. Considering the G allele as a reference there was no significant difference between the case and control groups (p = 0.256).

The results of this study showed that there is no association between G/A in single nucleotide polymorphism of rs36084323 with susceptibility to HTLV-1 virus infection in the Iranian population.

Chronic blood transfusion can cause alloimmunization in patients with thalassemia. Estimating the frequency of alloimmunization in thalassemia patients can lead to the recognition of existing limitations and the development of appropriate strategies to prevent alloimmunization in thalassemia patients. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of alloimmunization among patients of thalassemia.

In this cross-sectional and retrospective study, the study population was 92 patients with thalassemia referred to Besat Hospital in Hamadan in 2019. The data of all thalassemia patients was collected by census method and entered into SPSS software version 16. The Data was analyzed using Logestic Regression and significance level by p < 0.05.

92 patients including 54 male (58.7% ) and 38 female (41.3%), aged 2-50 years were studied. Among 92 patients, 7 people (7.6%) had positive antibody screening results. The most prevalent detected alloantibodies were anti-c with 6 patients (33.3%), anti-e with 3 patients (16.6%) and anti-JKa with 3 patients (16.6%). The meaningful relation was observed between alloimmunization and hemoglobin concentration (p = 0.006), and alloimmunization and number of blood transfusion (p= 0.009). But there was no significant relation between alloimmunization and age.

Conclusions:

According to the results of this study, anti-c, anti-e, and anti-JKa are the most prevalent alloantibodies in the thalassemia patients in Hamadan. This point could be useful to provide suitable matched blood units for thalassemia patients.

Trauma is one of the most common causes of emergency room visits. In the present study, the ratio of cross-matched blood to transfusion (C/T) and blood transfusion index (TI) in trauma patients receiving blood was determind to inform hospitals about the coordination between actual need and blood demand.

This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on the records of 384 patients in the emergency department of Besat Hospital in Hamadan in 1399. A checklist was used to record demographic data and the blood request form of eligible patients. Finally, the data were analyzed by independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance by SPSS software version 22.

Out of 813 cross-matched units, 576 blood units were injected into 384 trauma patients. C/T and TI were 1.41 and 1.51, respectively. The number of requested blood units, the number of blood transfused units, and the C/T ratio in patients with penetrating trauma (1.63±1.79) were significantly higher than non-penetrating trauma (1.26±1.09)(p< 0.0001). There was a significant relationship between the indication of blood request and the number of units of blood requested by cross-match, the number of units of blood injected and the C/T ratio (p <0.0001).

The present study showed that the C/T ratio and TI in trauma patients receiving blood in the emergency department of Besat Hospital in Hamadan in 1399 was favorable.

According to the relevant studies, among the reported TMPRSS6 polymorphisms associated with iron deficiency anemia, rs855791 has the highest association with hemoglobin level and disease severity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between rs855791and iron deficiency anemia in Sanandaj.

In this case-control study conducted in the Spring of 2016, the frequency of rs855791 polymorphism in TMPRSS6 gene was evaluated in 40 patients with iron deficiency anemia and 80 healthy randomly selected individuals without age and sex restrictions by PCR-RFLP method. Then, the relationship between rs855791  and the level of hemoglobin, ferritin, and MCV in sick and healthy individuals was investigated by SPSS V19 statistical software.

The frequencies of CC, CT, and TT among 40 patients were 15, 37.5, and 47.5 and they were 33.75, 42.5, and 23.75% among 80 healthy controls, respectively. Therefore, there was a significant relationship between TT genotype and disease (p= 0.010). Also, a significant relationship was observed between the frequency of CC and the absence of disease [OR= 0.34, p= 0.035]. The higher frequency of CT in the control group than the indicates a lower risk of people with CT genotype. The results also show a significant relationship between low Hb, MCV, and Ferritin with the genotype so that people with TT genotype had lower Hb, MCV, and ferritin than people with CC and TC genotypes.

TMPRSS6 rs855791 polymorphism was shown to be effective in subject patients with iron deficiency anemia in Sanandaj city.

Preventive maintenance management is a well-known method to increase the quality of medical equipment performance in medical centers as well as provide safety and reduce costs. In this regard, the effects of this system were investigated in 10 blood transfusion centers in Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, the random sampling was done on 296 active devices as categorized in four types of medical equipment in ten blood centers. By the use of SPSS 16, the data achieved from the programs of the maintenance management system in the process of the operation of the selected devices were evaluated. By the use of t-test, the mean ± 1 SD measures of the factors effective on the performance, dysfunctions, and lifetime span of devices were evaluated intervention-based.

The establishment of the preventive management system of medical devices as evaluating four types of medical devices and being increased to incorporate 4754 factors in 2019 as compared to 1292 factors in 2014 improved various conditions such as maintenance process, productivity, effective use of resources and facilities, reduced challenges and problems, increased the effectiveness and satisfaction of users, reduced breakdowns and cost repairs. For example, the failure rate of centrifuges in these centers has been reduced significantly from 22% to 8% and the failure rate of blood bank refrigerators from 17% to 3% during the years 2014 to 2019.

Conclusions  :

The results of this study showed that the use of this system can have significant effects in preventing dysfunction and increasing their lifespan.