مجله علوم پزشکی پارس
سال نوزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 57، پاییز 1400)

Breast cancer is known as one of the most common malignancies among women. Due to Induced death of the disease recurrence in many patients, use of novel methods and drugs is very important for them. The microalgae Spirulina platensis is used in the treatment of many diseases, including cancer, due to its large amounts of beneficial compounds. Therefore, in the present study, cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects of spirulina platensis extract on SKBR-3 breast adenocarcinoma cell line assessed.

In the present experimental study, the SKBR-3 breast cancer cells were treated in four experimental groups with 400, 200, 100 and 50 μg / ml extract of spirulina and incubated at 24 and 48 hours. Cytotoxicity was analyzed by MTS kit and apoptosis was analyzed by flow- cytometry using an Annexin V-FITC/PI kit according to the manufacturer protocol in both times. Statistical analysis was accomplished by ANOVA and Duncan tests using FlowJo and SPSS 18 softwars.

The MTS results indicate decrease in bioavailability of cells in 48h incubation time in contrary to 24h incubation time in other experimental groups. This decrease is significant at concentrations of 200, 100 and 50 μg / ml of spirulina extract compared to the control group (P=0.044). The induction of apoptosis at both incubation times; 24 h (P=0.036) and 48h (P=0.032) was significantly increased in other experimental groups compared to the control group.

Extracts of Spirulina platensis can be used as a source to develop anticancer drugs against breast cancer.

Acute poisoning is a major global problem and one of the leading causes of death. Aluminum phosphide (ALP), which is known as rice pellet in Iran, has a very high lethality. ALP poisoning has no specific antidote. However, previous studies have suggested some treatments such as gastric lavage with sodium bicarbonate and charcoal consumption. The present study reported a case of successful treatment of rice pill poisoning.

The patient, a 60-year-old woman, referred to the emergency room of Motahhari Hospital due to abdominal pain. Clinical examination of the patient revealed that the patient had experienced abdominal pain due to vomiting without hematuria due to taking rice pills. The patient was fully conscious at the time of admission and vital signs BP 110/70 _RR 20_PR 86_O2SAT 92 were recorded. The patient was first NPO and a nasopharyngeal tube was inserted. 150 cc of normal saline with olive oil was given to the patient via NG. Pantoprazole_vitamin C ampoule, indasterone ampoule, 8 units of regular insulin with 50% dextrose water and one gram of ceftriaxone and calcium gluconate were injected into the patient.

In patients with rice pill poisoning due to the lack of specific antibodies in the treatment of this group of patients need rapid diagnosis and supportive therapies. The results of this study showed that rapid emptying and dilution of gastric contents, administration of olive oil, bicarbonate, stabilization of cell membrane potential and other therapeutic measures can save the lives of patients.

Unfortunately, a lot of people infected with and died due to covid-19. The exact mechanism of causative virus in human body is unknown. The aims of the study were to survey and analysis the microarray data and to perform functional analysis to unveil the new mechanisms of this virus in regarding to human cells.

NCBI microarray extracted data were analyzed by GEO2R and R package. Up- and down-regulated genes were extracted and functional analysis was performed.

results showed that in Log of expression greater than 3 and lesser than -3 of transcriptome, there were 319 and 573 up-regulated genes in mild and severe covid-19 patients, respectively. Also there were 156 and 590 down-regulated genes in mild and severe covid-19 patients, respectively. GO analysis showed that deferentially expressed gene pattern in severe covid-19 patients is related to ATP13A2

Covid-19 probably regulates its vitality in human cells through interplay with factors such as ATP13A2

Dear Editor
As you are aware, one of the main concerns and tensions of anesthesiologists and physicians when intubating patients to the operating room is how to take care of themselves against the disease and prevent it. Since Covid-19 disease, among other known respiratory diseases, can have severe symptoms and complications and can even be life-threatening, pay attention to protective issues and how to effectively prevent the disease. The disease is of considerable importance. We set out to build an intubation chamber to immunize anesthesia personnel against the Quid 19 virus. We are currently facing a pandemic caused by Quid 19 in the world that the whole world is afraid of. One way of transmitting the virus is by spreading a drop in the air, which makes the medical staff need to use protective items such as N95 mask or shield when dealing with the patient. These protective principles are of particular importance to anesthesia personnel, especially during intubation when they are in direct contact with the patient's airways, and may be associated with respiratory particles contaminated with Quid virus when placing the endotracheal tube in the patient's airway. Encounter and lead to infection.

There are several reports on the analgesic effects salvia macrosiphon in traditional medicine. In this study the effects of Salvia macrosiphon methanol   extracton pain in presence and absence of  atropine (muscarinic receptor  antagonist  )and  naloxone (opioid  receptor   antagonist )were  investigated.

In this experimental study , sixty  eight mature male Wistar rats with average weight of 180 ± 10g  were  randomly divided into  eight groups of eight each . The methanol extract of Salvia macrosiphon were prepared using percolation method. Various doses of extract (500/1000/2000 mg/ kg i. p ) and sodium  salicylate (300 mg/kg i. P) were injected . The analgesic activity was assessed using  formalin test in presence and absence of  atropine  (2mg/kg i. P)and naloxone (1.6mg/kg i. P).

Dose 2000 mg/ kg i. p of Salvia macrosiphon methanol extract and Sodium Salicylate had analgesic  effect than control group in  formalin test (P<0.05).Also, the analgesic effect of this extract was decreased   by atropine and naloxone (P<0.05).

These finding suggest that salvia macrosiphon methanol extract induces its inhibitory effect on  pain that may be via muscarinic and opioid receptors.

Postoperative pain is an unpleasant experience. This process causes physiological disorders in all systems of the body. Clonidine as an alpha dual agonist is one of the drugs used to control pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the effect of oral clonidine on pain control and opioid use after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

In this randomized double-blind clinical trial study, 50 patients with class I and II anesthesia underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients were randomly divided into oral and control clonidine groups. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and intraoperative heart rate were recorded. Pain was measured in recovery, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery. Postoperative drug use was recorded in both groups. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 21 and using descriptive and inferential statistical tests.

The studied groups are similar in terms of demographic variables of age, weight, height, body mass index and gender. The results of chi-square test showed that there was a significant difference between clonidine and control groups in terms of pain at zero, 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours. (P<0.001). The results of chi-square test showed that there was a significant difference between the control and clonidine groups in receiving pethidine.

The results of the present study showed that oral clonidine is more effective in controlling pain intensity and drug use than the control group. Oral clonidine laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery seems to be effective in controlling pain and postoperative drug use.

People who have multiple transfusions, such as Beta-thalassemia patients, are at risk for the hepatitis G virus (HGV) infection. The aim of the study was the determination of serological prevalence of HGV and its associated factors in beta-thalassemia major patients in Jahrom-Iran.

This cross-sectional study, was done on 91 beta-thalassemia patients referring to the thalassemia center, Jahrom-Iran, 2021. Blood samples were collected from the patients and anti-HGV antibodies were evaluated by ELISA methods. Serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP and demographic data were extracted from patients' medical records. Descriptive analysis, X2, and T-test were used for statistical analyses by SPSS-16.

The prevalence anti-HGV IgG and IgM were 17% and 5%, respectively. There were significant relationships between the frequencies of anti-HGV antibodies and serum level of ALT, ASL, ALP and also with the history time of transfusion (P<0.05). But, there were no significant relationships between the frequencies of anti-HGV antibodies with patients' sex and the mean of age (P>0.05).

HGV is one of the etiologic factors of hepatitis in thalassemia patients in Jahrom. Further comprehensive and molecular-based studies are recommended to explore the prevalence of HGV and its role in hepatitis thalassemia patients.

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) induces excitotoxicity and cell damage in different areas of the brain, especially the hippocampus. The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of coenzyme Q10 (Co-Q10) on hippocampal cell damage in MSG-treated rats.

Forty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, MSG, MSG+Q10-10 and MSG+Q10-20. MSG (3 gr/kg, orally) and Co-Q10 (20 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) were administered day after day for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the brain hippocampus was isolated quickly on ice. Hippocampal levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were estimated by ELISA technique. Finally, the density of dark neurons in different areas of the hippocampus was measured by stereology method.

In comparison with MSG group, Co-Q10 treatment significantly reduced inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in the hippocampus of Co-Q10-treated rats (p <0.05). The density of dark neurons in CA1, CA2, CA3 and dentate gyrus regions of the hippocampus was significantly reduced in the Co-Q10 group compared with the MSG group (p˂0.05).

The anti-inflammatory properties of coenzyme Q10 may be responsible for its neuroprotective function in the hippocampus and ameliorates MSG-induced neurotoxicity in rats.

 Testicular tumor is one of the rarest tumors that accounts for 1-2% of male tumors and 95% of them are germ cells. The present study reported a case of scrotum mass, the first clinical manifestation of multiple myeloma.

Case Report: 

The patient was a 48-year-old man with a large mass without pain in the left scrotum and referred to a urology clinic. There was no bone pain, lethargy, or weakness on clinical examination. Vital signs, heart, lung, and abdominal examinations were all normal. Ultrasound showed a large 10-cm-diameter Izuaco mass in the left hemiscrotum with inflammation and edema of the scrotum wall. With the diagnosis of a left testicular tumor, the decision was made to perform surgery.

 In this patient, coagulation disorder and subsequent mild trauma to the testicle, which the patient does not remember, may have caused bleeding in the testicle and a mass in it. Of course, the presence of anemia should suggest other differential diagnoses. However, the lack of tumor reporting in the sample sent to the laboratory necessitates further investigation. Recurrent hematoma at the site of surgery in this patient and the impossibility of determining blood type raised the suspicion of high proteins in the blood, which together with high ESR serum despite the relatively young age of the patient led us to the diagnosis of multiple myeloma.