مجله دانشکده پزشکی زابل
سال سوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 9، زمستان 1399)

Patients with thalassemia major under frequent blood transfusions are exposed to iron overload, which has negative effects on various organs of the body. The present study was performed to determine iron overload in patients with thalassemia major.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 75 patients with thalassemia major who referred to the thalassemia ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital for transfusion and were eligible for inclusion in the study. Elisa was evaluated with the tecan a-5582 and the ideal Fertin kit. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS software version 19.

The mean age of participants was 14.34 years with a standard deviation of 3.97. 41 subjects (54.7%) were male and the rest were female. The mean serum ferritin level in patients was 3288.62 ng / dl with a standard deviation of 1540.7.

According to the results of this study and other studies, it can be concluded that patients with thalassemia major treated with repeated blood transfusions are exposed to various complications of iron overload in different parts of the body, so treatment with chelating drugs and education Diet and the use of substances that reduce iron absorption, as well as training for frequent follow-up and continuous monitoring for side effects, are recommended.

Diabetes is one of the most common, chronic and deadly diseases caused by metabolic disorders and one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Awareness and nutritional behaviors play a vital role in the prevention and treatment of this disease. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the level of knowledge and nutritional behaviors of patients type 2 diabetic patients in Zabol, Iran.

This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was performed on 144 patients type 2 diabetes referred to the Diabetes Center and health centers in Zabol. Simple random sampling method was used. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Research data were analyzed using SPSS20 software and appropriate descriptive and inferential statistical tests.

The mean of participants’ illness time was about 7.81 ± 5.74 years. The mean nutritional awareness was 36.02 32 4.32 out of 60 points and was moderate. The highest level of knowledge was related to contacting a doctor question (1.59 ± 0.49) and the lowest level of knowledge was related to the nausea and vomiting and amputation question (1.01 ± 0.11). The average rate of optimal nutritional behavior in these individuals was 30.52 out of a total score of 70 and was moderate. Among the demographic variables, only the source of information had a significant relationship with the level of awareness (p value = 0.005).

According to the results of this study, the level of knowledge and nutritional behaviors of patients type 2 diabetes was moderate. Therefore, health policy makers and managers must take actions to reduce its incidence and complications.

Application of plants and their compounds has long been significant in treating diseases mainly due to their natural potential and lower side effects than chemical drugs and presence of alkaloids, and polyphenols in their extract. Despite research carried out on the properties of such plants and popularity of blood diseases, few studies have been done on its effects on blood cells, thus, it was attempted for the first time to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of the Pseudium guava leaf on blood cells in rats.

After extracting the leaves of guava plant, 40 adult male rats were divided into four groups. Which included control (cases with no treatment during the study) and experimental groups (cases receivied of hydroalcoholic extract of Psidium guava leaf, in different doses daily for 3 months). At the end of the test period, blood samples were counted.

The results of this study showed that the hydroalcoholic extract increased White Blood Cells and Red Blood Cells, but no significant change was observed. This increase in hematocrit was significant in the group receiving hydroalcoholic extract at a dose of 5000 mg/kg compared to the control group.

The results of the study had a positive effect on blood cells. Also, the lack of cytotoxicity with high doses of the extract of this plant means its safe use in traditional medicine.

Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a well-known pathogen and contributes to different types of infections including urinary tract infection, blood stream infections, wound infections, and respiratory tract infections. The emergence of Integron-positive K. pneumoniae poses a considerable threat to public health worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance profile and prevalence of class I integron among K. pneumoniae strains isolated from urinary tract infections.

A total of 70 strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract infections were evaluated. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed using Kirby-Bauer’s disk diffusion method and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to identify class I integron.

The isolates were mostly resistant against amikacin 24 (34.3 %) and ceftriaxone 22 (31.4 %). Also, the isolates had high susceptibility against imipenem and meropenem, with 95% of all isolates being susceptible. Class I integrons was detected in 10 (14.2%) of isolates.

The findings of this study revealed that the prevalence of amikacin -resistant isolates is relatively high and its use must be restricted. Also, regarding the prevalence of class I integron and in order to impede dissemination of antibiotic resistant clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae, constant monitoring of antibiotic resistant patterns and mechanisms are necessary.

 Individual factors, as one of the factors affecting people's tendency to addiction, play an important role. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of healthy lifestyle and self-efficacy in preventing drug abuse among students.

 The present study is a review study based on search in search engines and valid scientific and academic databases using keywords such as drug abuse, lifestyle, causes of tendency to drugs among the students community and the role of society and family in preventing the use of drugs in Persian and English in prestigious databases such as PubMed, Wiley, Elsevier, Science Direct and SID from 1980 to 2019. The articles were selected and reviewed.

 Research has shown that people's tendency to addiction is influenced by various factors, including individual and family factors. The influence of the family is definite through inheritance and upbringing on its members and plays an important role in shaping children's behaviors. If the family resists multiple problems, this trait is also passed on to children and they, too, will deal effectively with stressful situations. Family is the most important factor.

Cytomegalovirus reactivation after latency phase, as a member of herpesvirus family, is a major reason for morbidity and mortality after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Investigating immune mechanisms responsible for CMV infection and reactivation following transplantation is essential for managing infection and reducing undesirable effects on transplantation outcome.

This review article describes the cytomegalovirus pathophysiology and its impact on immune system and reviews available CMV- specific antiviral drugs. For this purpose, keywords were searched in reliable databases including, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Elsevier from 2000 to 2020. Among potential candidates, those that were more likely to be relevant to the purpose of study were selected and utilized.

CMV infection remains a major complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). T cell response plays a critical role in inducing long-term immunity against CMV infection and preventing CMV reactivation. After transplantation, virus primary infection and/or latent infection reactivation have effects on immune system responses against infection. An important effect of this virus on immune system is delay in immune system reconstitution after transplantation. In addition, although current anti-CMV drugs have demonstrated desirable efficacy in post-transplant CMV infection prevention and treatment, they may be associated with increasing the risk of toxicity and resistance to drugs due to long-term administration. Thus, developing novel, safe, tolerable, and effective alternative therapies to prevent, treat, and overcome drugs resistance of post-transplantation CMV infection.