نشریه امنیت ملی
پیاپی 40 (تابستان 1400)

 With the development and expansion of cyberspace, various aspects of citizens' lives are clearly intertwined with this space, and any insecurity and challenges in this space will directly or indirectly affect the lives and behavior of citizens. Therefore, cybersecurity is one of the components of national security that should be seriously considered and evaluated on an ongoing basis. Proper assessment of cyber security identifies the strengths and weaknesses of systems and networks in various areas, and by planning and providing the necessary strategies, ultimately promotes cyber security. Accordingly, we need to explain and use indicators to perform the evaluation. Comparative study of cyber security evaluation indicators can be used in compiling local indicators of cyber security evaluation in our country, while developing the literature and promoting common knowledge and understanding of their dimensions and components and enumerating their characteristics. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative study to provide the most important indicators of cyber security assessment in the world and the region. This research is of applied type and using the method of comparative study and citing library resources, has reviewed the reports provided by reputable international authorities in the field of cyber security evaluation and finally by selecting seven valid evaluation models and Comparative comparison of their criteria such as focus, objectives, dimensions and approach of the results are presented in the form of a set of cyber security evaluation indicators.

Today, the world is facing a problem called terrorism, which places its center of gravity mainly in the Middle East, and by combining its actions with religious debates, it has created a kind of religious terrorism called Takfiri terrorism. of course, the scope of its activities and actions are not restricted only to the Middle East and it has tried with various techniques and tools, extends its goals from the local, national, and regional levels to the global arena and affects international order and security. Therefore, considering the transboundary risks and threats of Takfiri terrorism, the present study attempts to answer the question of what factors have led to the fluidity and expansion of Takfiri Salafi activities from the national level to regional and international levels?. The research hypothesis shows that part of the internationalization of Takfirist terrorist acts has a religious and ideological aspect among the Islamic concepts such as Jihad, Caliphate, Ignorance, and Emigration and another is due to environmental and international factors such as globalization, postmodernism, hostile actions of non-Muslim countries and the existence of the weak state. The findings of the research, while confirming the above hypothesis, suggest that in the study of takfiri groups, especially the issue of their internationalization, should avoid one-dimensional perspectives and analyze them with a comprehensive look. The present study was conducted using the descriptive-analytical method.

The smartening or smartening of collective life is one of the pervasive issues in the present age that has become a concern for management structures. In the field of smartening, public participation is considered as one of the guarantees of success. The purpose of this article is to explain the factors affecting women's participation in smartening the city of Tehran in the corona crisis. By survey method and with the statistical population of all women 18 years and older in districts 7 and 8 of Tehran, 384 people were selected by cluster sampling. . Theories of participation, social capital, and network society have been used to explain the subject theoretically and extract the hypotheses. Findings show that social network variables and utilitarianism directly and indirectly affect the dependent variable (intelligence). The variable of social trust only directly affects the dependent variable (intelligence). Also, the total effect of social trust variable on city smartness variable is equal to 0.571 and the total effect of social network variable on city smartness variable is equal to 0.531. And the total effect of utility variable on city smartness variable is equal to 0.547

Digital Identity management is considered as an important and crucial infrastructure which reinforce national governance and security in cyberspace. Digital identity management is one of the most strategic discussions of cybersecurity as the foundation of creating trust in cyberspace. The aim of the research is the recognition and prioritization of criteria and indexes of national digital identity management in the integrated framework to manage digital identity. This applied research with a fundamental approach has a descriptive-explanatory method. Data collection is conducted with library and field methods through questionnaires and interviews. By reviewing the theoretical literature of the research, effective factors were identified and screened by the Fuzzy Delphi method. To determine the relations between major and sub-factors and also to weigh and prioritize the FDANP hybrid method was used. The results of the collected data suggested that the factor of “strategic planning” is the most effective in digital identity management. To solve the problem with the FDANP method, “access management” in major factors and “access control of all resources and information only through the digital identity management systems” in sub-factors took the priority.

With the development of cyberspace and its increasing applications that have affected individual and social life and various aspects of national and public security, the occurrence of unforeseen events in the political, security, economic, social and cultural spheres and the surprising effects arising From that, it has created scattered observation structures for observation, monitoring and alerting based on the needs and mission of various organizations and institutions in the country. With the establishment of the High Council on Cyberspace and other coordinating structures at the highest levels and their efforts to integrate activities, systematization of the field of observation, monitoring and warning is also on the agenda, At least this system has been developed at the national level. The nature of cyberspace and the need for synergy in the face of it make it unavoidable to pay attention to the development and maturation of this system at the national level. In this study, we have analyzed the maturity status and gap between the current and desired situation and presented the maturity model of this system. Maturity models provide a controllable approach to assessing the level of growth of a system or organization. These models illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of organizations. The results show that among the 14 selected indicators, the agility indicators, process integration and process definitions are of special importance and need more attention in the maturity of the system. Finally, the proposed maturity model of the research is presented in the form of a radar diagram.

Nowadays, countries all over the world show a growing interest in the role of scientific productions as a power. One representation of scientific productions is its publication in the form of journals and their papers. Therefore, the appraisal of the sources and references validity used in scientific papers is regarded by some researchers with an approach called citation analysis in the literature of science. On this point, this study investigates scientific outputs in Jornal of National Security (JNS) and extracts the citation behaviors’ pattern of its authors for nine years (2011-2020). For this purpose, 5937 citations have been reviewed from 236 papers published in that quarterly. Excel was employed to analyze the data. Findings showed that the average number of citations per paper was 26. Also, books, journal papers, and electronic sources had the most number of citations among the common types of information sources. On the other hand, the results of this study showed that most of the papers were dyad authored as collaboration patterns. Most of the authors of this journal were faculty members of different universities. Also, Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei, Asghar Eftekhari, and Imam Khomeini are the most cited authors respectively, and the eight persons were ranked as the most three productive authors in this study. Finally, an overview of the papers and their citations in JNS Quarterly showed that authors of its papers in compiling their contents cite references less, also they tend to work in groups according to the calculated coefficient of cooperation.

In recent years, with the growth of cryptocurrencies and their various applications, this issue has become one of the main issues in the field of economics and especially in the financial industry. Due to the growing number of cryptocurrencies in the world, the design of cryptocurrency ecosystems is becoming increasingly important. One of the most important steps in designing this framework is to search, identify, select, and deploy key actors in each of the domains of the blockchain ecosystem. In a cryptocurrency ecosystem, many actors play a role. Some actors play a key role in decision-making, and some work to guide the ecosystem. The present study is an applied research with a qualitative-exploratory approach that has been conducted with the aim of identifying the key actors of Ramzarz with the help of multiple case studies. In this research, and theoretically, a comprehensive framework for identifying the actors and stakeholders of Ramzarz is presented and it is determined who has the power in this ecosystem. This framework can also be a way to identify the main and stakeholders of Ramzarz in the country. The results of this research are in the form of a conceptual framework with eight important dimensions, as actors and stakeholders of the Ramzarz ecosystem with the following titles: infrastructure providers, payment processors, innovators, exchanges, miners, developers, promoters and regulators.

The main concern of governments is to ensure national security by emphasizing the preservation of social capital because national security is the result of the satisfaction of citizens and groups that can be embodied in the face of strong social capital, no doubt the importance of social capital Features such as participation, cohesion and trust in social systems. As throughout history, governments have always been concerned about the extent to which they can rely on the cooperation of society to advance the activities and strategies of government with this enormous support. Clearly, without social capital, a significant portion of resources is wasted, and costs must be spent on stability, agreement, and cooperation. Based on this, it can be said that social capital is created in a long period and with difficulty, but its destruction is done quickly, the result of which is not part of the faltering of national security. And qualitative) and using library tools and a questionnaire with a sample size of 384 people among AJA employees in 1398, we seek to answer the main question of what effect social capital has on national security in the twelfth government has it? The most important results of testing the hypotheses in this study show that social capital has a significant effect on national security and the analysis of the questionnaire data shows that social capital in the twelfth government is at a moderate level that the impact It has a direct impact on national security.

Political space organization has always been a process in which part of the earth's surface is limited by geographical boundaries and organized to play political roles. In particular, the western regions were affected, including the political influences of foreigners and enemies of the Islamic Republic of Iran, natural disasters, increased mobility of terrorist groups and drug traffickers, especially in Kurdistan and West Azerbaijan. In this regard, the present study will focus on the political organization of space using geopolitical capabilities in order to reduce the western crises in the country. . The results showed that in the context of the most important challenges of political space organization in the western provinces, the results showed that there are many challenges in this field in the western provinces, among which the activities of miscreants and terrorist groups in the western regions, the challenge. Disasters related to natural disasters such as earthquakes and their aftermath and racial differences between relatives and the government play a more prominent role in this regard, as well as environmental, economic, social and political factors, including the most important geopolitical threats to security and development in the provinces. They are considered Western.

The most stable security in a country is equality in development and balance in having resources and development facilities in the regions of that country. In general, development in various social and economic dimensions is the basis and bedrock of creating security and is also affected by it. This is doubly important at the country's borders. Due to their geographical and political location, these areas have always been a breeding ground for insecurity and conflicts. The western borders of the country are no exception to this rule and always suffer from insecurity. In this regard, in this article, we have studied the indicators of development in the western border cities of the country. The type of applied research and its method is descriptive-analytical. Vikor multi-criteria decision making method and ARC GIS software environment have been used to analyze the data and information. The research findings show that most of the western cities of the country are not in a better situation according to the studied indicators. Also, these cities did not have a better situation compared to other cities in the provinces. Comparative comparison of deprived cities in 2002 with the current situation of cities also showed that after several years, these cities still suffer from deprivation and lack of development facilities. The body provides the bed of insecurity in these sensitive areas of the country. In addition, this will cause an imbalance of development among the regions of the country. Therefore, in order to prevent imbalances in the regions

In the present age, humans face numerous unprecedented environmental challenges. Environmentalists believe that the economic pressure on natural resources is on the rise. Population growth, along with the pattern of unstable resource use, puts enormous pressure on land, water, energy and other essential land resources. The importance of this issue is doubled when the issue of urbanization and the structural changes of land cover / land use are raised. Therefore, the impact of land cover / land use change on the structure and functioning of urban ecosystems during different periods with an ecological security approach is very important. In recent years, many studies have been conducted on ecological security worldwide. Various tools have also been designed and used in this field. But due to the complexity of the problem, these research and tools are still being developed in a forward direction. In fact, the need for a comprehensive framework that can seamlessly address the influential factors in a complex system including the environment, human societies and their communications and work towards sustainability remains to be seen. In this regard, the main purpose of this research is to develop a process chain to examine the structure and function of ecosystems in cities. To monitor, analyze, and predict the ecological security of cities using mathematical and geographical models.

Today, with the development of new communication technologies, cyberspace has become a tool that has helped launch a variety of movements, demonstrations, crises and disturbances through the sharing of all kinds of products, communication and more. . Accordingly, this paper attempts to analyze and analyze the relationship between the use of (messaging) cyberspace and the tendency to disturb.

This research is a survey based on applied purpose. The statistical population consists of 384 young people from Sanandaj city who were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. The method of collecting field information and its tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the research was obtained through face validity and its reliability was estimated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was higher than 0.70 for all independent and dependent variables.

Findings indicated a significant relationship between the use of cyberspace messages and the tendency for youth disturbances. Among the variables, increasing social demands with a coefficient of 0.976 had the most positive relationship, encouraging people with a coefficient of 0.964 to rank second, international support for protesters with a coefficient of 0.950, magnifying and nationwide demonstrating a coefficient of 0.931. Fourth, blackout and induction of widespread corruption in the country with a coefficient of 0.890 and fifth with the false and rumor coefficient of 0.829 had the least relationship with the tendency to disturb among the youth in Sanandaj.

Spatial forms are generally the result of the spatial processes that shape them. The formation of the foundations of unbalanced development affected by spatial injustice as the dominant spatial form of developing countries is the result of their social, political, cultural and economic processes over time. Undoubtedly, the most important goal of organizing and managing the political space in any country is, in the first place, to provide optimal services to the maximum number of citizens and to make maximum use of national capabilities and opportunities for the welfare and development of geographical space. Given the requirements of the new age and its complexities, the need to pay attention to spatial justice in The institutionalization of optimal political management of space is one of the requirements of governance. The present article seeks to explain the role of spatial justice as an effective and dynamic indicator in order to evaluate the performance of the governance system as the main driving force of the country's affairs with a descriptive and analytical method. The fact is that until there is a general consensus on the evaluation of the governance of the spatial political order, we can not try to model the optimal political governance of the space. Accordingly, spatial / geographical justice is considered as a valid benchmark for the optimal evaluation of the political management of space.