فصلنامه پژوهش های جغرافیایی برنامه ریزی شهری
سال نهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1400)

Walking is recognized as the main model of movement within human-dwelling centers. Ferdowsi Street has, due to the lack of befitting urban space for the presence of citizens on the one hand and the dominance of motorways over pedestrian zones spaces on the other hand, tightened the noose around citizens wishing to show up in public spaces and disrupted their social life. In the present study attempts are made to review the pedestrian zone design criteria and mix them with attendance quality factors in order to delineate the framework of attendance-inducing pedestrian zones and finally provide a spatial policy system and a model of intervention for the attendance-inciting pedestrian zones of a city. The present study falls within the category of mixed applied studies. In the qualitative phase, content analysis method was used to investigate the theoretical foundations and extract the research framework. Quantitative phase, exploratory factor analysis was used to analyze 300 questionnaires and identify the components of spatial policies related to attendance-inducing pedestrian zones. In the next step, regression analysis was used to present an intervention model for the design of the attendant-inducing pedestrian zones on Ferdowsi Street.14 factors can be recognized as the main components affecting spatial policies related to attendance-inducing pedestrian zones in the Ferdowsi street. Permeability and sense of belonging were found to have the greatest impact on attendance of people in the pedestrian zones of the Ferdowsi and access to urban services and efficiency turned out to have the least significant impact on that.

Urban historic area as a living witness of the history of the past and the main factor in community identity is a context for residency and activities of a wide range of stakeholders with different and sometimes conflicting goals and interests and a platform for conflicting forces of "development" and "conservation" that leads to different types of conflicts. This paper tries to identify and analyze conflicts toward planning of urban historic areas as a basis for conflict management. This study is qualitative that the required data has been collected by snowball sampling, record/document analysis and in-depth interviews and analyzed based upon grounded theory. Findings show that the key conflicts toward planning of urban historic area of Rey include “conflict between conservation and development”, “stakeholder conflict”, “spatial conflict”, “environmental conflict” and “social conflict” that can be classified in three categories including “conflicts in urban historic areas”, “conflicts through conservation plans” and “conflicts through urban development plans”. The weakness of conservation planning and management system and the inefficiency of development planning and management system in historic areas at decision-making level are the key factors in the confrontation of development and conservation that lead to the emergence of secondary conflicts at operational level. Identifying conflicts and causes, moving from power-based urban conservation approaches toward stakeholder-based approaches, using approaches like conflict-sensitive conservation, right to heritage and integrating urban conservation into broader context of urban planning at policy-making level can result in conflict resolution and conservation-led integrative development at operational level in historic areas.

Urban spaces on ware a response to the transcendent human need in the city. In recent decades, the idea of pedestrian orientation has been proposed in order to make cities viable and help improve the quality of urban spaces. These movements were an idea to make cities more humane, revitalize the centers and revitalize the city. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the pedestrian characteristics in the Saf (Sepahsalar) as an objective example of an urban pedestrian with 30Tir Street, which has a quasi-pedestrian nature in the central district of Tehran. Two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to compare the difference in satisfaction with the pedestrian status. Other methods include non-parametric comparison of two independent groups and Croxall-Wallis test. Sequential regression was used to measure the satisfaction of pedestrian status. The results showed that the level of citizens' satisfaction with the studied indicators on the 30 Tir is higher than the Saf pedestrian. Men were also more satisfied with pedestrian status than women. However, no significant difference was observed for the gender group on the 30 Tir . Pedestrian status for age groups in both cases did not show a significant difference. The results showed that among the studied variables the 30Tir is weak only in the human scale variable, which is due to the car crossing this pedestrian. While Saf pedestrian is weak in variables such as nightlife, urban furniture, diversity and aesthetics, and due to the commercial nature of its use, its economic situation is declining.

In the last few decades, a decreasing trend is observed in livability of cities due to growth of technology and applying the modernity concept in the construction of cities, which causes the adverse effects on urban spaces. One of the most prominent of these effects, which can be called urban damage, is the decline of values associated with the sense of place in the formation of these spaces. This concern is especially highlighted in metropolises where technology has naturally grown faster. This study provides a framework to estimate the livability in Tehran metropolitan district 1 by considering the sense of place factors. In this way, a novel predictive model is developed based on the integration of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). To this end, several variables based on the sense of place including physical body, meaning, activity, social capital, sense of place, and mental quality of life are considered as predictive variables. Results indicate that the ANFIS-GA model (R=0.926) is the most accurate predictive model when all input parameters are included. Besides, the social capital index has very little effect on livability and the importance of mental quality of life index is more significantly than other indices and can lead to more improvements in livability of regions than other factors.

The preservation of historical texture is affected by economic, social, environmental, and political factors that can identify the impacts on historical valuable tissues and can be programmed to identify these factors. Using Innovative Future Methods Research enables urban planners to address environmental challenges and uncertainties. This study attempts to depict the future of the historical context of the city, first identifying the key factors influencing the development and formulate future scenarios of the historical context by analyzing these factors using the cross-impact analysis method. The method of data collection is the Literature Review and interview. Targeted sampling identified 10 experts who have knowledge and experience in the field of research and analyzed the data with the help of Micmac software. The results show that the factors affecting the future of the historical context are the extent of the government's dependence on the oil economy, international competitiveness, and consumption patterns. Eight scenarios for the historical context of Yazd can be deduced from the impact of these key factors. With the logic of each scenario, the atmosphere in that scenario has been developed, among which the urban planning elements of Yazd historical context (conservation, access, preservation of valuable functions, physical development, socio-cultural dynamics, economic recovery, coexistence with the environment And the preservation of human values) in each scenario.

Rasht was selected as a creative gastronomy city in 2015 and became a UNESCO Creative Cities network member. Despite several years since winning this title, the path to realizing the brand of Rasht creative city has faced challenges, and the relevant institutions have not been able to achieve significant success in urban branding at the national and international levels. However, Rasht city can become a global brand due to its appropriate historical and cultural capacities. This study's primary purpose is to evaluate urban management's performance in urban branding and provide suggestions to promote the brand of the creative city of Rasht. The present study is descriptive-quantitative and applied research. Residents and citizens of this city have completed 410 questionnaires. The obtained data were evaluated and analyzed using Pearson correlation, binomial test, and exploratory factor analysis in SPSS software. The analysis results showed that the index of financial support for the creative class activity and facilitation of urban management has the lowest level among other indicators. Bilateral interaction and citizen participation in realizing this brand in the city is another issue that city management has ignored. Therefore, allocating the necessary financial support and facilities for the creative class, creating an influential communication institution, and using the Internet and cyberspace's capacity will be priorities in branding Rasht as a creative city.

In recent years, the benefits of walkability in the field of public health are such that the ability of urban walkability has become a key issue in the program of healthy cities of the world. The two main questions in this study are “What is the effect of walkability of urban areas on physical and mental health (public health) of the youth?” and "Will the general health of the young people increase with improving the walkability?" The research method is applied in terms of purpose, cross-section in terms of time, and mixed in terms of nature. The concept of walkability was introduced as an independent variable along with the explanation of its criteria. In a survey, a 28-item GHQ questionnaire was used to assess general health in young people. This questionnaire consists of four criteria with seven questions in each of them. These four criteria are: physical symptoms, anxiety symptoms and sleep disorders, social action and depressive symptoms. Then, in a field study, the following measures were used to assess the walkability: mixed uses, pedestrian attractive zones, pedestrian and bicycle network connection, access to mass transit, road safety and security. According to the ranks of the regions in terms of walkability and public health, it is observed that this is not a completely direct relationship and in all four scales of general health, this relationship is different. It is concluded that walkability in urban areas affects the mental health of young people more than it affects their physical health.

One of the themes associated with harassment is the theme of women's strategies in response to harassment, which researchers divide into two general categories of active or explicit reactions and passive or non-explicit reactions. Therefore, this study aimed to measure women's reaction to harassment during the use of public transportation in Ahvaz metropolis. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The required data were collected through library studies, surveys, and interviews with people and experts. Aras' decision-making method has been used to rank the reactions, and in order, to zoning, these reactions in Ahvaz city, crying interstitial model in ARC GIS 10.3 software has been used. The results show that women's reactions to harassment when using public transportation are different in each of the different ways, this difference is also evident in the city because, after the final drawing of the women's reaction map, it was determined that zone 2 has the highest very low zone and zone 4 has the largest area very high

Different methods have been considered to solve the problem of uncontrolled growth of cities, one of which is the TDR. in this study, different areas of Shiraz, which are currently facing the challenge of uneven expansion and widespread destruction of gardens and green spaces, have been studied in the context of TDR concept. Using the principles of this approach, receiving and sending areas are identified and a location and zoning map and areas prone to development is presented as research output. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical. In it, the effective factors on the realization of the transfer right transfer approach in order to preserve valuable agricultural and historical lands of Shiraz were identified. Also, suitable areas for the implementation of this project in the city were determined according to the characteristics of TDR approach. In this regard, the required information has been collected through library information and survey studies (questionnaire and observation)The results of this study provide a zoning map of areas prone to development in Shiraz by juxtaposing maps related to the indicators of number of floors, average plot size and granulation, the proximity of zones to the 1st and 2nd degree urban arterial network, the degree of proximity to urban service areas and commercial centers, the trend of construction tendencies by developers in different urban areas, the trend of housing in different urban areas, review of upstream plans and Macro-policies have been development and identification of valuable areas and other unsuitable areas for development.

The discussion of metropolitan governments, as well as a large number of governmental and managerial domains within a metropolitan area, has functioned without any single governmental authority to decide and act throughout the metropolitan area. Based on this, one of the challenges always discussed in the regional management system of Iran, especially in the last decade, has been the issue of physical division and spatial abstraction of land at the national, middle and local levels. Alborz province is the 31st reproductive province of Iran, which was officially formed in 2010. On the other hand, the spatial consequences of such reproduction are not limited to national and middle class divisions, and in 2012, the formation of Ferdis city and the physical abstraction of this nucleus from the other two core (Karaj cores and Mehrshahr cores ) began. To conduct this research, the survey method, Delphi technique and also the combination of SWOT-MetaSWOT model have been used. The results of this study, while providing negative feedback on the spatial disintegration of the region, such as high population density and heterogeneity of population texture of regions and neighborhoods and differences in the level of boundaries and uncertainty of the area, believes that integrated planning and management in a total of 12 municipal districts with three cores Old Karaj, Mehrshahr and Ferdis are interconnected and semi-governmental beyond local management, have inherent flexibility and dynamism, have specific functional areas at the metropolitan area, and have sufficient tools to ensure their decision components.