ماهنامه معرفت
سال سی‌ام شماره 6 (پیاپی 285، شهریور 1400)

From the total advices of Mohammad Bagher (PBUH) to Jabir b. Yazid al-Ju’fi, which was discussed in previous papers, it can be concluded that, the believer in this world is engaged in a struggle with the soul. In this battle, by the grace of Allah Almighty, the believer sometimes overcomes his or her soul, but sometimes he or she loses the battlefield. Of course, with the help of Allah Almighty, the believer returns to the battlefield and resumes the battle. This process continues for the rest of his or her life. In order to strengthen the human will in the struggle against the soul, Imam (PBUH) has warned of catastrophes of the path and said, Satan, with the help of carnal desires, can cause man to fall. Regarding man's past mistakes, his holiness said: Man must review his sins and seek repentance and compensation for them. Imam's remarks were about a believer. A believer whose faith is firm and has entered the battlefield against the soul must be careful to overcome the soul. The question now is, what is faith? What are its components? How can it be obtained and protected? Of course, there is a close relationship between faith and action; If human action is right, faith will also be established i.e., avoiding forbidden deeds and mistakes and performing deeds that are pleasing to God will strengthen the faith. Since Imam Bagher (PBUH) did not specify these issues in his remarks, we will use the statements of Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (PBUH) in Nahj al-Balaghah to complete the discussion.

The question-and-answer method is one of the effective educational methods in the process of learning and teaching. Has this method been used in the Qur'an and the life of the infallible Imams? Using a descriptive-analytical method this paper analyzes the verses of the Holy Qur'an and the conduct of the infallible Imams to clarify the details of this method. The content of the Qur'an and the Collections of narrations show that the Qur'an not only does not reject this method; rather, they delicately invite people to adopt this method as they invite people to ask their questions from the People of the Reminder. In order to promote the teachings of religion and stimulate thinking, the questions of the Qur'an are of two types: sometimes people ask and sometimes the question is from God. Jurisprudential narrations also show that many of them were based on questioning. Questioning raises human knowledge and reduces ignorance. Besides, questioning leads to a better understanding as it leads one to discover the unknown.

Fear is divided into two types of valued-fear and anti-valued-fear. Valued-fear plays an essential role in human education since the greater the knowledge of valued-fear, the smoother the ground for human guidance. Using a descriptive-analytical method this paper studies the valued-fear and its four companions in the Qur'an are "the station of the Lord, the Merciful, the prayer and the torment." Fearing the "station of Lord" enables man to control his carnal desires; because knowing the divine Majesty raises the spirit of submission to Allah in man. Mentioning the word fear next to "the Merciful" indicates that believers, while fearing God Almighty, also hope for His mercy. "Fear" in worship means that one should be afraid of any negligence in his worship so that this negligence does not prevent his or her prayer. The greatest fear that prevails in the hearts of the righteous is the fear of torment. Valued-fear has some effects, such as entering heaven, hastening in charity, guidance and mercy, accepting warnings, being among the benefactors, helping the needy and enjoying the gardens of paradise

Using a content analysis (quantitative) method, this paper seeks to analyze the components of religious emotion in the book "Gifts of Heaven" of the elementary school. The sample size corresponds to the statistical population and includes all textbooks of "Gifts of Heaven" from the second to the sixth grade in the academic year 2019-2020. Using the content analysis and document analysis method (textbooks), this paper studied the components of religious emotion, based on the research study of Khodayarifard and his colleagues (2012-2013). The validity of the research tool was acceptable based on the judgment of education experts and its validity was calculated based on Holsti formula and the coefficient of %83 was obtained. The results showed that the authors paid the most attention to the two components of love for God and love for God's saints. The frequency of hatred of God's enemies and hatred of the enemies of God's saints was less than expected. Also, in the form of presenting the content of these books, they have used more words and textual propositions, but they have used fewer visual attractions. Most attention was paid to the components of religious emotion in the sixth-grade book

Given the key and constructive role of youth in society and the future of the country, the issue of youth religious identity is of particular importance. On the other hand, religious identity is the basis of other identities in our religious sources and it can be said that the consistency of this identity will cause the consistency of other identities and its decline will challenge the other identities. Using a descriptive-analytical method and focusing on the verses of the Holy Qur'an and narrations this paper studies the factors affecting the religious identity of the youth. Findings indicate that not only individual and self-knowledge factors, but also social factors such as family, same age group and media have a significant role in the formation of religious identity.

Teaching religious concepts, especially knowledge, love and obedience to the Imam to children, like any other science requires correct, efficient and effective principles and methods. Therefore, just as recognizing the characteristics and abilities of children in optimizing the teaching of religious concepts is a matter of course; it is also necessary to recognize the principles and methods of teaching religious concepts to children. Using a descriptive- inferential method this paper studies the educational model of Imamate to children. For validation, the findings of this study were made available to experts in various fields, including curriculum studies, religious education, educational psychologists, and teachers and finally, it was approved with a high average. This model institutionalizes knowledge, love and obedience to the Ahl al-Bayt (PBUH) in children and provides the ground for their sure and fast perfection and nearness to God in this world and the hereafter.

One of the most important educational aspects of pilgrimage, which plays a significant role in the emotional development and motivation of the pilgrim and provides the basis for his or her normal actions and behaviors is emotional education, which, the reflection of this type of education, can be observed in the Ziyara-text of the infallible Imams. Using a descriptive-analytical method and focusing on the verses of the Holy Qur'an as well as the narrations and psychology this paper studies the role of pilgrimage to the Ahl al-Bayt (PBUT) on the emotional education of the pilgrim with emphasis on Ziyara al-Jami'a al-Kabira. The results show that pilgrimage as a religious reality affects the emotions of pilgrims and provides the basis for the formation of healthy emotions such as peace, feelings of security, hope and control of wrong feelings and the elimination of unhealthy emotions such as wrong attachments and feelings of loneliness.

Patience has a high status in the literature of resistance. Islamic teachings are also full of invitations to all kinds of patience, including patience in times of adversity. In this article, we discuss the insightful factors of Hazrat Zahra's (PBUH) patience over adversity. The factors that will undoubtedly draw the roadmap for strengthening the stability in the time of adversity before the companions of that Hazrat. Using a desk-research and analytical-descriptive method this paper s to extract and analyze the insight factors of Hazrat Zahra's (PBUH) patience during adversity. Explaining the imaginary principles of the discussion, we examine the insightful causes of Hazrat Zahra's (PBUH) patience during adversity in four areas: theology, self-knowledge, cosmology, and eschatology. In the field of theology, certainty to God Almighty, recognizing God's presence and support, recognizing divine love and nearness; in the field of self-knowledge the high and sublime knowledge of the Hazrat towards himself; in the field of cosmology knowing the nature of the life; and awareness of the afterlife consequences of patience and resurrection in the field of eschatology are among the most important reasons for the insight of Hazrat Zahra's (PBUH) patience during adversity.

On the one hand, the spiritual atmosphere of the holy shrines prepares the pilgrims to receive Islamic and spiritual education, and on the other hand, resolving their concerns can increase their motivation to attend these centers. Using a descriptive-analytical method this paper studies the ways to turn the holy shrines into a cultural hub by strengthening and improving the educational status. Utilizing capable instructors in the holy shrines, creating a suitable atmosphere and planning for performing ceremonies according to the age conditions of the people, is one of the most important ways to strengthen and promote the educational dimension of the holy shrines. Closeness to God, strengthening the spirit of hope in the individual and society, psychological security of the individual and society, are among the educational effects of the presence of people in the holy shrines. The results show that the holy shrines are the center of education and cultivation of human beings and it is necessary to make purposeful plans to benefit from these capacities.