مجله فیض
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 4 (پیاپی 120، مهر و آبان 1400)

Changes in diet to high-fat and high-calorie diets along with reduced physical activity increase obesity and UCP-1 plays a preventive role against weight gain, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to evaluation of the effect of aerobic exercise on the expression of UCP1 and MAPK p38 heat gene in subcutaneous adipose tissue in male Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet.

15 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control, high-fat diet control (40% fat), and high-fat diet+aerobic exercise. After 13 weeks of consumption of a high-fat diet, the aerobic exercise group performed the exercise protocol on a treadmill for 12 weeks and 5 sessions per week. UCP1 and MAPK p38 levels were measured using RT-PCR. One-way ANOVA analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis test were used at the level of P≤0.05.

There was no significant difference in UCP-1 mRNA expression between the normal control (P=0.151) and the high-fat diet group but there was a significant difference between the normal control and the high-fat diet+aerobic exercise group (P=0.008). Also, the expression of MAPK p38 in the high-fat diet control had a significant increase compared to the normal control (P=0.008), and a significant decrease in the expression of MAPK P38 in the high-fat diet+aerobic exercise compared to the high-fat diet control was observed (P=0.008).

Aerobic exercise can be a suitable stimulus in the expression of UCP-1. The complexity of MAPK p38 pathway activity is due to its dependence on the type of stimulus and the cell.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, inflammatory, and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) leading to some disorders including gait, balance, memory, cognition as well as pain and fatigue. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of probiotics on behavioral disorders caused by disease and biomarkers of oxidative stress in mice fed with cuprizone.

In this study 45 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided inti 4 groups: control group; control + probiotic group; cuprizone group and cuprizone + probiotic group. Treatment group were fed a diet containing 0.2% cuprizone to create an animal model of MS.

The results of this study showed that in the motor behavior test, both healthy and MS groups receiving probiotics remained longer on the rota rod during some days of the experiment. However, probiotics could not reduce the oxidative indices in these animals.

Probiotic supplement can have a mild effect on improving motor phenomena and antioxidant indices in healthy or MS animals. However, to ensure that different doses of cuprizone and probiotics are needed, changes in the animal model and intervention are made.

 First-line drugs in the treatment of leishmaniasis are pentavalent compounds of antimony which are toxic and have side effects. This study aimed to investigate the anti-leishmaniasis effect of curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on Leishmania major and L. infantum in vitro.

After synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles containing curcumin zeta potential and charge of nanoparticles was determined by zeta analysis (DLS). Also, electron microscope (TEM) was used to prove the shape and size of nanoparticles. In the final stage, the efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with curcumin on Leishmania major and L. infantum was determined. For this purpose, the two species of Leishmania were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium containing 15% fetal bovine serum in plates of 48 houses and each wells of different concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles containing curcumin (40, 80, 160, 320 and 680 μg / ml) were added to the well. The number of parasites was counted after 24 and 48 hours.

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that the nanoparticle was spherical in size and 125+/-5 nm. The zeta potential of chitosan nanoparticles containing curcumin was -9.35. Counting the number of parasites showed that the synthesized nanoparticles have a favorable effect on inhibiting the growth of L. major and L. infantum. The IC50 of the mentioned nanoparticles against the promastigotic stage of Leishmania major and L. Infantum were 131.3 and 36.46, respectively.

Curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles have anti-leishmaniasis effects and according to the obtained results can be studied in vivo condition.

One consequence of diabetes mellitus is increased inflammation, which is exacerbated by training. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two months of chia supplementation in conjunction with continuous training on Interleukin-1 beta, Interleukin-13 responses in male Wistar diabetic rats.

36 diabetic rats were randomly assigned to 3 equal groups (control group, diabetes + training group, diabetes + training+ chia group) and subjected to 8 weeks of supplementation and training. Interleukin-1 and interleukin-13 were measured in soleus muscle tissue to examine the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory indicators. ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test was used for data analysis.

There was a significant difference between the experimental groups of chia supplementation group and training group in the level of interleukin-1 and interleukin-13 after applying the diabetes (P <0.001). However, changes were not significant in the groups other than the control group (P=0/72)

Eight weeks of aerobic training has a positive effect on reducing inflammation in diabetic rats, but chia supplementation could not play a synergistic role in preventing inflammatory factors. However, chia supplementation could possibly affect and strengthen anti-inflammatory factors.

Kidney damage is one of the most common complications of diabetes that can eventually lead to hemodialysis. Inflammation is one of the effective factors in the development of this complication. Considering the strong anti-inflammatory effects of selenium supplementation, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of this supplementation on the expression levels of inflammation-related genes in diabetic hemodialysis patients.

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in 40 diabetic hemodialysis patients. Participants were randomly divided into two groups to take either 200 µg/day selenium (n=20) or placebo (n=20) for 3 months.

Selenium supplementation upregulated transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) (P=0.002) gene expression levels. This intervention also decreased gene expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (P=0.01) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) (P=0.02) compared with the placebo. In this study gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (P=0.33) and (IL-8) (P=0.45) were not affected by selenium supplementation.

Selenium supplementation during 3 months to diabetic hemodialysis patients had beneficial effects on gene expression related to inflammatory markers.

Exercise at different intensities can provide effective stimuli for the adaptation of brain function, because the activation of the cerebral cortex is sensitive to the frequency of movement. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of six weeks interval training on brain waves and electrical activity of the cerebral cortex in healthy young girls.

In this quasi-experimental study, 10 young girls with an age range of 20-30 years who had no history of exercise and interval training were randomly selected and performed interval training for six weeks (three sessions per week) with an intensity of 40-50% of maximum heart rate. they did. Alpha and beta brain waves were measured before and after six weeks by electroencephalography. Then the data were analyzed using paired t-test and SPSS software version 21 at a significance level of p≤0.05.

Analysis of data using paired t-test showed that the amount of changes in alpha and beta brain waves after six weeks of interval training in the post-test was significantly different from the pre-test (p = 0.001)

Based on the present results, it can be concluded that regular exercise may cause positive changes at the level of the cerebral cortex (electrical activity). Therefore, the interval training protocol can be an effective intervention to improve brain waves and electrical activity of the cerebral cortex and potentially promote brain health.

Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type of lateral spinal deformity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks Schroth corrective exercises and orthosis on dynamic balance in patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

In this quasi-experimental study, 30 adolescent boys with idiopathic scoliosis with a cob angle of more than 10 degrees were randomly divided into three groups (n=10): exercise, orthosis, and control. Subjects in the Schroth exercise group performed selected corrective exercises 3 times a week for 8 weeks, the orthotic group used individually designed foot orthoses for at least 4 hours daily for 8 weeks, and the control group did not receive any special treatment. Y balance test was used before and after the intervention to evaluate the dynamic balance of individuals. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using analysis of covariance.

The results showed that after 8 weeks, the mean scores of dynamic balance in the exercise (99.38±7.11) and orthosis (98.13±4.22) groups were significantly higher than the control group (89.14±4.11) (P<.001), but no significant difference was observed between the orthosis and exercise groups (P=1.000).

According to the results, the Schroth corrective exercise program used in the present study and orthosis can be suggested to improve the dynamic balance of patients with idiopathic scoliosis. It seems that a combination of the two methods of Schroth corrective exercise and orthosis can benefit patients from both treatments.

Inguinal herniotomy is the most common surgery performed by pediatric surgeons. Due to the lack of sufficient studies comparing herniotomy methods, this study aimed to compare two herniotomy methods with and without incising external oblique muscle fascia in terms of intraoperative and postoperative complications and operation time.

This single-blind randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 111 male-children with inguinal hernia who referred to Imam Ali Alborz hospital from September to December 2020, by convenience sampling method. 102 patients had unilateral hernia (91.89%) and 9 patients had bilateral hernia (8.11%) which each side was operated by different method, finally total number of surgeries was 120 cases. In the first group, 60 patients were operated with incising and in the second group, 60 patients without incising external oblique muscle fascia. Recorded data were analyzed using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U test with a significance level of less than 0.05 in SPSS-21 software.

The complication incidence rates, based on the type of surgery - with and without incising external oblique aponeurosis - the results were, respectively: a) Ileoinguinal nerve damage, n=1 (1/7%) vs. n=0; b) scrotal edema, n=3 (5%) vs n=1 (1.7%); c) fever, n=0 vs n=1 (1.7%). complications between two method had no significant difference. Average of with incising method time was longer and had significant difference.

Herniotomy without incising the fascia has a shorter operation time (2.35 minutes). There was no significant difference in terms of complications, so without incising method can be the appropriate choice than with incising oblique aponeurosis.

Self-Harm refers to the deliberate behaviors which people take to harm themselves without suicidal ideation. This study aimed to compare emotional schemas and emotion regulation difficulties between students with and without self-harm behaviors.

in this cross-sectional study, 442 people from students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences during 2020, were selected by convenience sampling. Based on the cut-point of DSHI, 52% (90) participants were placed in the group of people with self-harm behaviors and 48% (83) in the control group. Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire, deliberate self-harm inventory (DSHI), and Leahy's emotional schema scale (LESS) and difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS). Data were analyzed by SPSS version of 26th edition, and 0.05 was selected as a P-value. Due to the non-normal distribution of data, the Uman-Whitney test was used.

According to results, defective schemas are more common among students having self-harm behaviors. In students with self-harm behavior, the simplistic view of emotion, rumination, guilt, control, blame, and emotional self-awareness schemas are more common compared to the students without these behaviors. In contrast, the students with self-harm behaviors exhibited less acceptance of feeling, consensus, and validity-by-others schemas than students without self-harm behaviors (P<0.01). Also, they had more difficulties in all areas of emotion regulation except emotional awareness than those who didn't have self-harm behaviors (P<0.01).

Maladaptive emotional schemas and difficulties in emotion regulation were more among people with self-harm behaviors, therefor, improving emotion regulation skills can prevent such behaviors in individuals.

Pelvic fractures may be associated with bleeding, shock, and increased mortality and its correct diagnosis is necessary. Radiology plays an important role in the initial evaluation of trauma patients. This study aimed to evaluate the indications and findings of pelvic radiography in patients with blunt trauma referred to the Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan.

In this descriptive retrospective study, radiologic information of 292 Patients with blunt trauma who referred to the Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan during 2020, including number of pelvic radiographies, indications for pelvic radiography and CT Scanning, and service that requesting radiography were collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS - 22.

The majority of (58.6%) patients were men. The most common cause of trauma was falling (61.0%). About 88% of patients had two or more pelvic radiography. Pelvic tenderness was the most prevalent indication for radiography and intertrochanteric fracture was the most common type of pelvic fracture (38%). 26% of patients had additional CT Scan besides their radiography, in which there was an agreement between the radiographic and CT scan findings (Kappa = 0.769).

Falling is the most common cause of pelvic trauma and tenderness is the most prevalent indication for pelvic radiography. According to the request of multiple radiographies by various specialized services, it is necessary to designate and implement a single protocol for imaging requests in trauma patients in order to reduce the treatment costs and avoid high doses of radiation, as well as modifying the recent disorganized process in the emergency room.

Patient's companions in the early minutes of symptoms plays an important role in the prognosis of the disease and its mortality in acute coronary syndrome. This study aimed to determine the knowledge and performance of patients' companions about primary measures in patients with acute coronary syndrome referred to Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital in 2020.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 companions of patients with acute coronary syndrome referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan in 2020 who were selected by continuous sampling method. Level of knowledge and performance of the companions was collected using researcher-made questionnaires with the guidance of the researcher. The collected data were analyzed using Chi-Square and Exacta Fisher and Pearson Correlation Coefficients tests.

The results showed that average age of the samples was 40.42±11.67 years. Most of the studied companions were female (62.9%), housewives (52.7%) and first-degree relatives (93.5%). Most of them (40.5%) were under diploma and mostly lived in urban areas (89.1%). Knowledge of most of the participants in the study about the necessary initial measures in the face of patients with acute coronary syndrome at a good level (54.3%) ,but performance level was undesirable (36.1%). There was a significant relationship between knowledge and performance of the companions (r=0.043) (P=0.005). Also, there was a significant relationship between knowledge and performance of the companions with their age and educational level.

Despite the good knowledge level of the studied units, their performance in dealing with patients was at an undesirable level.

Covid-19 disease is caused by infection with the SARS-COV-2 virus. The prevalence of the disease is almost similar between men and women, but the mortality rate is higher in men than women. This study assesses the cellular and molecular aspects involved in the difference of severity and mortality of Covid-19 disease between men and women.

papers published in Science direct, Google, Google scholar and Pubmed databases during 2019 to 2021 based on keywords individually or in combination including "COVID-19", "SARS-COV-2", " "sex differences", "gender", "gender differences", "severity" and "mortality" were collected and after deleting similar papers and irrelevant papers, the rest were assessed.

The majority of studies have shown that the prevalence of Covid-19 disease is approximately equal between men and women, while the severity of the disease and the resulting mortality in men are significantly higher than in women.

A combination of genetic and immunological factors, differences in hormone secretion, and lifestyle can be considered as factors which differences in disease severity, and mortality between the sexes. Stronger innate and specific immune systems in women, escape from X-chromosome inactivation in areas of immune-related genes, and the estrogen-boosting effect on the female immune system can be important factors in low mortality of Covid-19 disease in women compared to men. In addition, environmental factors such as smoking can affect the severity and mortality of Covid-19 disease, which is more common in men.

In recent decades with the advent of nanotechnology, use of nanoparticles has been increased due to increased bioavailability, improved targeted treatment, and reduced toxicity. Selenium is a trace essential element in bodies of humans and animals. This element is found in the structure of numerous enzymes playing various roles in the body of organisms. Under different conditions, several effects have been reported for selenium nanoparticles, the main objective of this study was to evaluate different researches related to using selenium nanoparticles as anti-cancer, stem cell differentiation, wound healing, and dis-infection agent, also nutrition and reproduction performances.

In this study, we present a summary of studies on the effects of selenium nanoparticles in various conditions, including differentiation, anti-cancer, anti-infective and wound healing effects, also nutritional and reproductive performances.

Different forms of selenium have been used in various studies. However, in most studies, selenium nanoparticles show less toxicity than its salt forms (Sodium Selenate, Sodium Selenite, Selenium Dioxide and Selenous Acid). Positive effects have been observed in inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells and wound infection, improving nutritional and reproduction performances.

It seems that due to the lower toxicity and greater bio-availability of selenium nanoparticles, it can be used instead of its salt forms.