فصلنامه پاتوبیولوژی مقایسه ای
سال هفدهم شماره 69 (پاییز 1399)

In this research, the effect of Rose alcoholic extract on the viability of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus (La-5) and Bifidobacterium lactis (Bb-12) in Doogh was studied. Probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus were inoculated into Doogh without Rose alcoholic extract (control) and containing Rose alcoholic extract (1% and 2%). Doogh produced during 4 weeks of storage in a refrigerator at 4° C during a week was investigated for microbial count, pH changes, acidity and survival during the shelf life and the organoleptic characteristics of the product were studied. The results of the statistical analysis indicated that the difference in survival percentage of La-5 and Bb-12 between the ordinary Doogh and the Doogh containing Rose alcoholic extract was significant (p≥0.05). Regarding taste, the results of this study showed that there is a significant difference between the types of Doogh in terms of taste (p<0.05). The study of organoleptic characteristics of Doogh containing Rose alcoholic extract showed that the flavor of this Doogh was improved compared to ordinary Doogh. The pH decreased during the shelf life and the acidity increased slightly. The highest and lowest levels of pH were respectively observed for samples containing 1% and 2% extract. Also, the effect of extract amount on acidity showed that the highest and lowest levels of acidity were in the samples containing 2% and 1% extract, respectively. Therefore, the production and consumption of Doogh containing Rose extract by maintaining organoleptic characteristics together with probiotic bacteria as a pragmatic food product are recommended.

The present study was conducted to compare the histology of renal proximal tubules (I) and (II) in two species (Rainbow trout and Oscar). Rainbow trout, known as Oncorhynchus mykiss scientific name from the Salmonidae family which is cultivated and freshwater. Oscar fish, the scientific name is Astronotus Ocellatus, which is one of the most well-known ornamental fish of the Chichlidae family. Five piece of the two fish species were selected randomly and their macroscopic specification and morphometric measurements were recorded. Samples were fixed in %10 formalin buffer and the cuts were prepared with a thickness of five micron and then they were stained by Hematoxylin and eosin and Periodic acid–Schiff method and studied by light microscopy. The data were analyzed with SPSS software and T-Test statistical test (P <0.05). Proximal and distal tubes were detected and the variables were measured. The size of the cell nucleus and the outer diameter of the proximal (I) had a significant difference (P<0.01). There has been significant difference in the number and the size of cell and its nucleus, the inner and outer diameter of the proximal II between two species (P<0.001). The number, cell size of the distal tubules has been significant difference between two species (P<0.01). The size of the cell nucleus, the inner and outer diameter of the distal tubules have been significant difference between two species (P<0.001). According to the results, the anatomy and histology of kidney tissue are different in the Rainbow trout and Oscar fish.

Tritrichomonas foetus is a protozoan parasite that has been traditionally identified as a cause of reproductive tract disease in cattle and may lead to Infertility and abortion. The most common and widely used method of T. foetus detection is direct microscopic examination. When specimens cannot be tested immediately after collection it is necessary to use transport medium or culture medium. This survey aimed to review the current status of Tritrichomonas foetus in Isfahan,Iran By Molecular Assay. Tritrichomonas foetus infection was investigated in 73 Bulls and 27 cows slaughtered in two abbattoir different. Mucus samples were obtained from the vagina and from the vagina and uterus, respectively, using a "screw-head scraper rod". Extraction of DNA from samples was carried out using a DNA extraction kit (Cinnagen, Iran), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. All samples were analyzed by Nested PCR technique using T. foetus-specific primers of Genus (TFR 1–2) and specie (TFR 3–4). All samples were analyzed by Nested PCR technique with the two sets of primers, respectively. Amplification products of 372 bp were observeded in 6 Bulls (8.2%) and 2 Cows (7.4%) isolates, with the genus specific primers and in 2 bulls also T. foetus yielded amplification products of the expected size (347 bp) showed. Other samples were related to non-T. foetus organisms. Therefore, based on the results of this survey, prevalence of Tritrichomonas genus and especially Tritrichomonas foetus in samples confirmed serious attention to screening test in bulls.

Fascioliasis is a zoonotic disease with long history in Iran. Different methods are used for detection of the disease and one of methods is LAMP. The present study was conducted to compare the LAMP and PCR methods for detection of Fasciola hepatica in fecal samples of sheeps in Lorestan province. During 3 months, 195 samples were collected by classical randomized method. The samples were stored in -20ºC for future investigations by LAMP and PCR. The samples were investigated by LAMP and PCR. The data were analyzed by SPSS software and Chi-square and Kappa coefficient was used. The results showed that LAMP technique showed significant difference with LAMP and detected infected samples (11 samples in LAMP and 7 samples in PCR). The results for kappa showed a strong agreement between the both methods with coefficient of 0.65 and P=0.001). The LAMP method showed higher sensitivity. In sum, LAMP method showed higher sensitivity compared to other methods and can be used for detection of F. hepatica.

Black spot disease has been spreading over the past few years in canary flocks. The disease can be caused by various infectious agents including Circovirus, mycoplasma, and various parasites. Symptoms in neonatal canaries include black spot in the abdomen, abdominal enlargement, gall bladder congestion, death in the late period of the embryo, or the birth of the chicks carrying the virus. In adult canaries disease characterized by dullness, anorexia, lethargy and feather disorder, depression, fever, and rarely death. To conduct this study, samples collected from 10 canary flocks, each flock between 89 and 500 canaries. Specific PCR test was used for detection of canary Circovirus and Mycoplasma. Mmicrobial cultures were used for other bacterial or fungal infections. Intestinal smears were used for the detection of parasites infestations. Canary Circovirus was detected in 4 flocks. No other infections or infestations were found. According to the results of this study, canary Circovirus is a potential ethological agent for unilateral black spot on the right side of the bird body. It is a black spot due to the gall bladder congestion. This is the first report for the detection of canary Circovirus virus in Iran.

Argus persicus is found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Poultry, pigeons, ducks, geese, and other domestic and wild birds and even humans are its hosts. In addition to causing anemia, the mite can also transmit avian Spirochetosis and Pasteurellosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological and behavioral effects of feeding Argas persicus larvae on rats. After collecting Argas persicus larvae, rats were infected with the desired number of Argas persicus tick larvae in different treatments, and physiological symptoms were examined and recorded daily. The results of the present study indicated abnormalities and physiological changes in rats infected with the larvae of this tick. Early skin signs also indicated a slight inflammation of the skin at the junction of the infants and varied according to the number of ticks used to infect the rats. Also, weight changes in infection with different doses of larvae indicated the effect of the tick on weight. Considering the negative effects of this tick and the economic losses caused by this tick, further investigation of the effects of this tick in poultry seems necessary.

Babesia is one of the most important haemoparasites protozoa in tropical and subtropical parts of the world. Babesiosis is caused by different species of the genus Babesia, which infects a variety of vertebrates including domestic and wild animals and humans. Babesia motasi and Babisia ovis have been known as Pathogenic and common species in sheep and goats in Iran, also sometimes mixed infection has been reported in one host. In Iran, annually, Babesia causes heavy losses in sheep in warm seasons of the year, especially in late spring. Due to the serious problems of animal husbandry caused by Babesiosis in many parts of Iran, the aim of this study has been the molecular detection of Babesia species in sheep and goats and the identification of vector ticks to prevent disease. Blood and tick samples of suspected animals have been collected from different regions of Sistan and Baluchestan province included in Zahedan, Mirjaveh, Khash, Saravan and Iranshahr. The results of PCR have shown 2 samples which have infected with Babesia and 34 samples of total 100 samples with Theileria specious. Also one case of the study has demonstrated mixed infection. Results of Nested PCR have shown the infection with Babesia ovis only. Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum, Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, Rhipicephalus turanicus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus have been isolated from infected animals and identified using available diagnostic keys.