مجله فرهنگ و ارتقای سلامت (فرهنگستان علوم پزشکی جمهوری اسلامی ایران)
سال پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 14، تابستان 1400)

Sacrifice is very valuable for Islamic and revolutionary ideals;if this is not a universal characteristic and the scope is not expanded, public security and peace will be threaten.We are all indebted to the sacrifice of a dynamic and dedicated generation.The generation that has defended the country throughout history and has made many sacrifices to defend the homeland.In this article, we will refer to the issue of self-sacrifice of the health community in the Corona era as well as the self-sacrifice of the holy war.

This article is a review of documents;  related documents have been extracted from reliable databases and analyzed.

The white-clad angels in the field of health, wholike in the holywar era sacrificed their comforts and stood at the forefront of the unequal battle, are examples of a selfless altruistic generation.

Comparison of the holy defense era and the fight against Corona shows the many similarities between them and the efforts of the medical staff and nurses. The study of these two periods can be a roadmap for the future of the country in both human and scientific capital.

The COVID-19 pandemic is now the most important and the most urgent challenge in most countries of the world. Although rapid and massive vaccination in most countries have enlightened the path of control of this pandemic but even in these countries the high replication capacity of the new variants of this virus and reduced sensitivity in compliance to preventive measures may lead to infections and death. Control of this pandemic depends not only on rapid and massive vaccination but also on cooperation of governmental and non-governmental sectors, as well as community engagement. There is a continuous need for dynamic approaches in improving the policies, programs and interventions to control the pandemic.

In this study, a mixed method including focus group discussion and experts panels and review of scientific references as well as the best practices at global and national levels were used to find the bottle necks for improvement in the control of this pandemic .

Strengthening the headquarters for the COVID-19 pandemic at national, provincial and county level with decentralization of power and multisectoral approach, improvement of communication and community engagement, monitoring and facilitation of quarantine, strengthening the role of the Ministry of Health, reform of clinical pathways and rapid expansion of programs for universal health coverage decentralization, enhancing rapid access to vaccination, updating the guidelines, reforming disease control centers, continuous epidemiological studies and intelligent use of traditional medicine were found to be the most important foci to be improved. Reopening of schools and educational institutes should be a dynamic process with consideration of not only the health of the attendees but also their social and mental needs.

Although rapid and massive vaccination arethe mainstays to control this pandemic, other interventions are needed to improve the control policies, programs and interventions in a dynamic manner.

The COVID-19 epidemic has affected all aspects of human health and the socio-economic and cultural conditions of society. Disease control requires multidisciplinary and evidence-based measures, strategies and actions by the 13th government. In this documentary, 15 macro strategies are proposed.

Today, health and welfare are important issues. Biological issues and bioterrorism are major health threats. Unfortunately, in the present era, new facilities for convenient and diverse production of biological weapons have been developed due to the lack of a powerful mechanism to prevent their production, storage, and use of these weapons. In the present article, the effects of bioterrorism on health and environmental welfare were evaluated .

In the present article, data collection was performed through library investigation of books, articles, and websites and references. All data were descriptively analyzed.

Not only do microbial and biological weapons impose danger on communities, but also transgenic products and bioterrorism in cosmetics mayhave dangerous consequences on public health, especially in women who use them. Bioterrorism in cosmetics targets and affects a population intentionally or unintentionally.

Although there have been  legislation to combat biological weapons and maintain public health, this issue requires serious government commitment and WHO enforcement. Activities in the public health infrastructure, information, education, legislation, and planning to combat bioterrorism are the other majorissues to deal with.

Attention to health education in schools and its impact on improving the health of students, school staff and families were the basis of the initiative of health promoting schools (HPS). But nowadays incoronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak we sought to assess what should HPS do.

This analytical- review article.assessedhealth at schools andhealth promoting schools via keywords in Farsi in Iranian databases namely: SID, Magiran and Irandoc andin English in foreign databases namely: Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar articles.

Evaluation of health promoting schools' programsin Iran describedchallenges  in two levels: policy making and implementation. Eleven actions were introduced to support schools inachieving their goals.

Health promoting schools and its infrastructure have been established in Iran for many years.Despite shortcomings and weaknesses in planning and implementation of programs, it is expected that HPS choose a more active and responsible role in community health.For example,in the context of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak,schools take actions in the fields of hygiene education, preventive measures,andraise the awareness of students, their families and school staff.

It has often been observed that continuing medical education (CME) programs offered to medical specialists did  not meet the expected  results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate current CME programs and provide solutions, suggestions and novel models to improve CME programs for professionals in the fields of medicine and pharmacy.

The format and models of CME programs held for professionals working in the fields of medicine and pharmacy were assessedat the Continuing Education Center of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education inIran and in several prominent which claimed to have more successful results. Moreover, comparative studies of the patterns and strategies used in various countries were assessed.

A high proportion of both physicians and pharmacists agreed that use of media such as films, videos and slides will lead to enhanced learning. A low proportion of both physicians and pharmacists believed that virtual classes are more productive.Conclusions were drawn after analyzing the obtained results and reviewing the strategies and models used by various countries in the region and  abroad.

Consequently, the use of virtual reality and personalization of CME programs based on Artificial Intelligence and Data Mining were proposed.

The year 2020 was the 100th anniversary of the  Pasteur Institute of Iran, and under this pretext we sought to show theimportance of this  institute.

This article is a history-based research that sought  to develop a theory in the form of library data.

There are now sufficient  data and articles of the Pasteur Institute in the light of which one can take an in-depth look at this institute. It can be shown how this important national institution has changed its structure based on the health situation of the country.

The Pasteur Institute of Tehran was established following the 1918 flu massacre in Iran and increasing the social demand. Studies show that many other  institutions in the country have emerged in the light of some similaar social demands.  Now this institute has entered the second century of its activity and based on this scientific tradition, it is expected that with a view into the future, it can play an important role in health research.

Attention to human resource management leads to more qualitative educational, research and medical services. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the retention of faculty members for whom the universities have invested am enormous sum of money for recruiting, employment and training.

Five medical science universities were purposefully chosen. Using data triangulation and semi-structured in-depth interviews, 25 faculty members were interviewed. Coding was done using ATLAS.ti software. Adhering to all standards and protocols, open, axial and selective coding were used. Following 5 stages of refining codes and designing the initial model, the reliability and validity of the model were measured.

1197 open codes were extracted. Using open and axial and selective coding, 60 components in 12 categories and 3 dimensions were recognized. Based on the findings of the content analysis, personal motivations was the most important reason for retention of faculty members.

The findings of this study showed strategic planning with special attention to intra and extra-organizational motivating factors can enhance the retention of faculty members.

Spiritual health is considered as one of the components of general  health and has a significant impact on other parameters and therefore, has long been of particular importance among researchers. This study was conducted with the aim of Meta-synthesis of researchs studies in the field of spiritual health in Iran.

The research method was applied based on the purpose and meta-synthesisof data collection based on the seven-stage meta- synthesis method of Sandlowski and Barroso. The statistical population of the study included the collection of studies conducted in the Iranian scientific community, ie articles and dissertations during the last 15 years, which were selected based on purposeful sampling method and entry and exit criteria. The research tool included a check list form. Data were collected in Iranian databases. The analysis process was based on open coding, axial coding and creating categories and domains in maxquda software.Validity was confirmed by internal validity or expert opinion.

Findings showed that the set of studies and researches conducted in iran were classified into eight areas: outcome variables of spiritual health, the effectiveness of various interventions based on spiritual health, the effectiveness of psychological intervention on spiritual health, constructing and validation of a questionnaire, identification of components, comparison and assessment of spiritual health in various communities.

It can be said that spiritual health research in Iran has been conducted heterogeneously in different societies and in relation to specific variables and requires more attention to  new societies and variables.

The issue of social health and the variables affecting it is among the topics of interest in the recent decade; one of the variables to be considered by social networks and its impact on the social health of Iranians is to use meta-analysis to analyze and combine the results of previous studies on the relationship between social network and social health, to accurately and scientifically compare the research toassess the impact of social network on social health.

Meta-analysis was done assessing 14studies from 2010 to 2020; they were selected based on internal criteria. The second version of CMA2 software was used to assess the impact factor and review the studies.

The studies showed heterogeneity of effect size and lack of publication bias in the assessed studies. Theresultsof thestudies showed that the size of the effect or coefficient of impact of social networks on social health based on the random effects model was 0.384, which according to Cohen's interpretive system, this amount is considered a moderate effect.

The social network variable had a moderate effect on the social health of Iranians; however, over time it becomes more important depending on the place of residence and education level; and it undergoes changes and affects social health.

The Coronavirus is affecting the entire world causing constant stress on therapists. The aim of this study was to seek the relationship between job satisfaction and burnout in occupational therapists and physiotherapists working in the coronavirus departments.

A descriptive correlational study assessed occupational therapists and physiotherapists employed and unemployed in the coronavirus wards; both case and control groups were assessed.In this study, 90 therapists were randomly divided into case and control groups with 45 people in each group. Job burnout was measured by the Maslash and Jackson questionnaire and job satisfaction was measured by the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire. Demographic information, informed consent form and the texts of  questionnaires were uploaded virtually and the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21.

The mean age (years) of  participants was 31.42 with a standard deviation of 6.54 and the average work experience (years) was 7.13 and the standard deviation was 5.082. Pearson correlation coefficient between Minnesota job satisfaction / Maslash burnout in case and control groups were -0.328 and 0.387, respectively, and their significance levels were reported to be 0.034 and 0.009, respectively.

This study showed that many occupational therapists and physiotherapists are at risk of burnout and reduced job satisfaction.

Epigenetics is the study of how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work. Unlike genetic changes, epigenetic changes are reversible and do not change your DNA sequence, but they can change how your body reads a DNA sequence.Epigenetics is defined as inherited changes in gene expression, without actual changes in gene DNA sequence. Epigenetic modifications are biochemical changes in chromatin, DNA, or histones that are functionally related but do not affect the nucleotide sequence of the genome.Epigenetics  and its role in  autoimmune diseases and allergies were sought.

: Pubmed and Google Scholar databases were searched using the key words: Epigenesis, autoimmune diseasesand allergic diseases for the past twenty years. Related articles were assessed and reviewed by the authors.

Allergic and autoimmune diseases such as asthma, multiple sclerosis (MS) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA)can developed due to inappropriate immune responses to harmless foreign allergens (allergic disease) or to autoantigens (autoimmune disease).

Epigenetic mechanisms have recently been studied more extensively because they are environmentally influenced and can alter disease polymorphisms in a similar way.Epigenetic modifications affect (or are affected by) various environmental factors that both protect against allergies and transmit allergies.Changes in DNA methylation patterns may predict disease susceptibility prior to onset and be associated with a lack of persistent response to allergens.New technological approaches such as epigenetic editing and DNAzymes provide new methods for the treatment of allergic diseases

Nurses are the front line of patient care and must be able to communicate with patients of different cultures. This study assessed the relationship between nurse’s cultural intelligence and social interaction.

This study was a descriptive correlation study wherein 352 nurses working in hospitals of Kerman University of Medical Sciences participated. The instruments used included demographic, cultural intelligence and the fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation- Behavior. The collected data were entered into SPSS software, version 22, and descriptive statistics, correlation, independent t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe post hoc tests were used for analysis.

The results showed that the mean score of cultural intelligence in nurses was 79.83 and mediocre. Mean score of social interaction was 18.79 and low. Also, between the mean score of cultural intelligence and social interaction in nurses a positive and significant correlation existed (P<0.001). The results of this study also showed that the overall score of cultural intelligence and social interaction was higher in men than in women.

There is a significant correlation between social interactions and cultural intelligence in nurses. Thus enhancing the cultural intelligence can increase their social interaction in patients with cultural diversity.

Social health is one of the most important aspects of human health, and among these, one of the most important issues is the social situations in which the components of social health occur. The purpose of this study is to investigate social health situations in Islamic sources.

In this research, a combined

the classical descriptive-analytical method in the study of religious sources, and a panel of experts to determine the validity of the findings  were used.

The research finding is that the twenty-four main concepts of social health appear in ten social situations namely: 1) The possessions of others, 2) the deprivation of others, 3) the fate of others, 4) the good received, 5) the bad received, 6) the honor received 7) interpersonal emotions, 8) communication excitement, 9) social covenants, 10) communication format. These situations are either directed at the person who has an active nature, or at others who have a reactive nature, or has a reciprocal and action-reactive nature.

The result is that social health can be improved by focusing on these ten situations and planning focused on individual action, reacting to the behavior of others, and adjusting behavior to the cause of interaction.

In medicine, the primary meaning for "death" in a human or living being is the cessation of natural or physiological activity forever. The term apoptosis can be found for "death" in the basic medical sciences.

This study was conducted by reviewing some documents andinterpretation of evidence.

The command of death is institutionalized in all creatures at the time of their creation, and these two creatures, namely death and life, started their work together from the beginning, but the commands of death are more active at the end of the creature's work, and the commands of life are more active at the beginning.We will faceAjalMusamma, if everything goes normally, and if the factors accelerate death, we will face AjalMu'allaq.Scientific development can give man the power to minimize the accelerating factors of death and only lead to AjalMusamma.In fact, what accelerates our death is in our own hands and due to our ignorance. Problems with the imbalance in life and death, such as increased cell proliferation, decreased cell apoptosis, can be capable of disrupting cell death.At different stages of embryo formation, death and life are involved in development of program of forming a healthy bodyin a managed balance.Therefore, the death plan of some cells must be pre-written in parallel with the survival of other cells.Therefore, death must be designed before life so that it can act before the formation of living cells.

What has been said is an interpretation of death and life at the level of naturee. The shift from chemicals to biomaterials is happening because there is a degradability in bioproducts without any complication. Therefore, the design of death at the time of production of a product has arisen from wisdom. When we believe that God is the absolute wise, we can see the highest manifestations of this design in God's creation.