نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال بیست و ششم شماره 4 (پیاپی 147، مهر و آبان 1400)

Consumption of crunchy foods and lack of nutritional hygiene causes destruction of adipose tissue homeostasis and secretion of inflammatory factors. Aerobic exercise is one of the ways to control inflammation adipose tissue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigation the simultaneous effect of aerobic exercise and Octopamine on NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 1 (NLRP1), leptin, carbonyl protein of brown adipose tissue changes in rats fed with deep fried oil.

In the present experimental study conducted in 2019, 40 male Wistar rats (age 20 weeks; weight ± 350 20 20 g) were randomly selected in healthy control groups (n = 8), control with heated oil (n = 8). Poisoned + aerobic exercise (number = 8), poisoned + octapamine (number = 8) and poisoned + aerobic exercise + octapamine (number = 8). Heated oil was fed orally (gavage) to the relevant rats for 4 weeks. The dose used was 81 mg / kg octapamine by intraperitoneal (IP) injection and dissolved in 9% normal saline. Aerobic exercise groups also trained on a treadmill for 4 weeks with increasing intensity in the first week of 50% of aerobic power and in the last week the intensity of training reached 65% of aerobic power. Concentrations of leptin, protonyl carbonyl were assessed by ELISA method and brown adipose tissue changes were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin and IHC staining methods. Real time PCR and immunohistochemical methods were used to determine changes in NLRP1 gene and protein, respectively. The collected data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and independent t-test.

In all toxic groups, a significant increase in NLRP1 gene and protein expression was observed, as well as an increase in carbonyl protein and leptin compared to the healthy control group (p≤0.05). The results showed that the expression of NLRP1 gene and protein in the poisoned + aerobic exercise and poisoned + octapamine groups had a significant decrease compared to the poisoned group (p≤0.05). Also, the expression of NLRP1 protein in the toxic-aerobic + octapamine group was significantly different in comparison with the poisoned control group (p≤0.05). while the expression of this gene in the DFO + aerobic + octapamine group did not decrease significantly compared to the toxic group. The results showed a significant difference in the concentration of carbonyl protein in the DFO-aerobic and DFO-octapamine groups compared to the DFO sole group, but this result was not observed in the DFO-aerobic exercise + octapamine. Leptin concentration in the poisoned+aerobic exercise (poisoned+octapamine and poisoned+aerobic exercise + octapamine) groups was significantly reduced compared to the poisoned group.

It looked as if that the use of octapamine supplement along with aerobic exercise with control of NLRP1 and reduction of leptin were effective in controlling risk factors for adipose tissue.

Lead is one of the neurotoxic environmental pollutants that causes anxiety behaviors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise and curcumin diet supplement on anxiety behavior and locomotor activity of lead nitrate-infected female Balb / c mice in the hole-board test.

In the present experimental study conducted in 2019, 42 female mice weighing 25-30 g were purchased from Pasteur Institute of Iran. One week before the start of the study, the rats underwent low-intensity aerobic exercise for 10 minutes (five sessions) for adaptation and familiarization. Subsequently, they were randomly divided into seven groups of six including healthy group (control), negative control group receiving distilled water, negative control group receiving distilled water and ethanol solvent, positive control group receiving lead nitrate, receiving group Lead nitrate and aerobic exercise, lead nitrate and curcumin supplement group and lead nitrate, aerobic and curcumin exercise were divided. At the end of the study, the Hullboard test was taken to evaluate the anxiety behavior and motor activity of the animals. One-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis and Tukey post hoc test was used for multiple comparisons.

The results of the present study indicated that after oral administration of lead, the number of times the head was sunk into the holes of the hollow board and the latency was reduced compared to the control group (p=0.01), whereas, the number of times the lines were crossed. Positive (+) page (movement activity) increased (p= 0.001). Curcumin supplementation increased the number of times the head was sunk into the holes (p= 0.03), increased the latency (p = 0.02) and decreased the number of times crossing the lines (p= 0.01) compared to the lead nitrate group. Aerobic exercise increased the latency (p=0.02) and decreased the locomotor activity compared to the lead nitrate group (p=0.01), but no significant change was observed in the number of head dips into the plate holes. In addition, performing aerobic exercises simultaneously with curcumin injection caused more head immersion into the holes (p=0.001), increased latency (p=0.01) and decreased motor activity compared to the experimental groups (p=0.01).

 In general, it was concluded that exposure to lead nitrate causes anxiety behavior. Also, the aerobic training and curcumin supplementation can moderate the anxious effects of lead nitrate treatment.

Soy milk is a appropriate source of protein for the elderly as a result of its high absorption rate and amino acids. The present study was performed to determine and evaluate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training and soy milk consumption on lipid profile, body composition and some physical fitness factors in elderly women.

In the present semi-experimental study, 48 elderly women (age 65±2.2 years) in Yasuj, Iran, were selected by targeted sampling method and at that point randomly divided in four groups of resistance training + soy milk (n=12), resistance training + placebo (n=12), soy milk (n=12) and placebo (n=12). Forty-eight hours before and after the intervention, body composition tests, physical fitness and blood samples were taken. Data analysis was performed using dependent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance and LSD follow-up test at a significance level of less than 0.05.

After eight weeks, weight, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, TG, TC and LDL-C significantly decreased in the intervention groups, but HDL-C significantly increased (p<0.05). It is worth noting that only in the resistance training + soy milk and resistance training + placebo groups, the percentage of fat decreased and the strength of the upper limbs, the strength of the lower limbs and the maximum oxygen consumption increased significantly (p<0.05).

It seems that resistance training and consumption of soy milk as a non-pharmacological method can be an effective factor in preventing and promoting the health of elderly women by improving lipid profile, body composition and physical fitness

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as the strongest and most important stimulant of angiogenesis increases the migration and proliferation of endothelial cells and vascular network formation. The expression of this protein in hypoxia conditions is increased and stimulates angiogenesis by increasing the expression of hypoxia-induced factor (HIF-1). The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of eight weeks of moderate intensity endurance training on the expression of HIF-1 and VEGF genes in the heart muscle of male rats with myocardial infarction.

In the present experimental study conducted in 2019, 16 Wistar male rats of 10 weeks old and mean weight 250-300gr were allocated to two groups of Exercise (60 minutes of interval treadmill running for four minutes with the intensity of 65-70 and two minutes of active rest at 50-60 percent of VO2max for 5 days a week for 8 weeks) and control group (without any training). Real-time PCR was used to assess the expression of genes. Data were analyzed in SPSS18 using independent t test (P≤ 0.05).

The results of independent t-test related to experimental and control groups in VEGF and HIF-1 cardiac muscle index indicated that VEGF in the exercise group was significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.001) and also HIF-1 in the exercise group. It was significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.001).

In general, eight weeks of moderate intensity endurance training increases the effective factors in angiogenesis in male Wistar rats after myocardial infarction. Hypoxia resulting from eight moderate intensity endurance training increases HIF-1 and on the other hand this protein increased the expression of VEGF gene, which is the most important stimulator of angiogenesis, and ultimately increased angiogenesis in the heart muscle.

The increase of myoD gene expression is the characteristic of activation and proliferation of satellite cells due to induced stimulus in skeletal muscle. But it seems the fast and slow skeletal muscle response and the appearance of this marker due to stimulus are not similar. Accordingly, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of endurance training on myoD gene expression in fast and slow skeletal muscle in Wistar male rats.

In the present study conducted in 2020, 14 rats (weight 234±24g) provided from Pasteur Institute and housed under natural conditions (temperature, light/dark (12-h) cycle, with ad Libitum access to food and water). The rats randomly divided to two groups experimental (n=7) and control (n=7); the experimental group performed an endurance training program (30 m/min, 50 min, 6 sessions per week for 14-weeks) on a motorized treadmill, and 48 hours after the end of the last session of endurance activity with the control group were anesthetized and sacrificed, then the soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were removed. Real-time RT-PCR was used to determine if expression levels of myoD gene. To conclude, the data were analyzed by independent t-test.

endurance training induced a significant increase (p=0.022) in EDL myoD gene expression; correspondingly, this modification was observed in soleus muscles (p=0.001)

it appeared that endurance training increased the myoD gene expression in soleus (slow-twitch muscle) and EDL (fast-twitch muscle).

Reallocating boosted memory can lead to blocking or updating and re-boosting memory. Various factors affect the performance of memory reinforcement. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise and electrical stimulation of the brain on memory reinforcement in sleepless and sleepless conditions.

45 young participants aged 20 to 25 years participated in the present quasi-experimental study conducted in 2019. Data were collected using demographic questionnaires, Petersburg sleep quality, Edinburgh excellence, Wechsler memory, chain reaction color matching time test, direct cranial electrical stimulation device and heart rate monitor. Subjects were selected based on inclusion criteria and then randomly assigned to three experimental and control groups. The subjects performed the chain color matching task in the acquisition stage (six blocks of 100 attempts), then the first group performed aerobic physical activity for 30 minutes, the second group did 15 minutes of electrical stimulation of the skull and 15 minutes of aerobic physical activity. All groups called the chain color matching task in a 100-item block 30 minutes after the training intervention and participated in the retest tests one and 48 hours later. The collected data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test.

The results indicated that the subjects performed better in the third training block than the first and second training blocks (p ≥ 0.05). In the retention test after 1 hour, the aerobic exercise group had the best performance and the combined exercise group had the weakest performance (p ≥ 0.05). In performing the retention test after 48 hours, the combined exercise group had the best and the control group had the weakest performance.

According to the findings of the present study, aerobic physical activity and electrical stimulation of the brain to increase memory-enhancing performance are recommended.

Due to the adverse effects of domestic violence and trauma on women's physical and psychological health, the aim of this study was to investigate post-traumatic biological experiences in women victims of domestic violence. The aim of the present study was to determine and post-traumatic biological experiences in women victims of domestic violence.

In the present qualitative study conducted with the content analysis approach in 2021, the data were analyzed through secondary data analysis, semi-structured interviews with 50 women victims of domestic violence by thematic analysis.The basic theory method was collected using theoretical sampling at each stage according to the analysis of previous data from women who wished to do the interview. Data in this study were analyzed by Corbin and Strauss methods.             

Data analysis led to the extraction of 3 explanatory categories, 20 interpretive categories and 64 descriptive categories, which were: 1. Post-traumatic behaviors experienced (coping behaviors, vengeful behaviors, turning to alcohol and smoking, affecting physiological responses, suicide attempts, and passive behaviors), 2. Post-traumatic emotions experienced (low self-esteem) , Fear, anger, hatred and lack of pleasure in life) and 3. Thoughts experienced after trauma (constant fear, feeling of helplessness and misery, wishing to die, hating being a woman, comparing oneself with others, hating oneself, thinking about divorce , the desire to kill a wife, lack of love for children, desire for betrayal, contemplating suicide, indifference, remorse for marriage, thinking of revenge and hatred of men.

Based on these results, women exposed to domestic violence have many problems in the area of experienced behavior, experienced emotions and thoughts experienced after traumatic experiences. These findings can be useful in assessing the risk, determining treatment pathways, and managing domestic violence in women victims.

Suicide is one of the most important psychological crises that health professionals may face in their workplace. One of the causes of suicide is depression, which requires medical and psychological treatments. One of the important approaches in this regard is the meaning therapy approach. The aim of the present study was to determine and compile a package of suicide prevention interventions based on the meaning of therapy and its effect on life expectancy, negative spontaneous thoughts and suicidal ideation of female students.

The present quasi-experimental study with pre-test-post-test design was conducted in 2020. After reviewing the scientific and written sources, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 10 psychologists to develop an educational package. The content validity of the package based on Lavasheh index is 0.94. In the second phase of the study, a package of intervention based on meaning therapy was developed in 10 sessions. In this section, from 18 to 25 years old students of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, 40 people were selected using the available method and randomly divided into two groups (experimental and control groups). The research instruments included Schneider Hope Scale, ATQ Negative Spontaneous Thought Scale and Beck Suicide Thought Scale. Based on the components extracted from scientific texts and interviews with psychologists, the package includes: Components of suicide drive (emptiness and aimlessness - a sense of self-harm), suicide prevention (meaning of life - suffering - freedom - responsibility) and excellence in life (love - work - spirituality and thoughtlessness) during 10 hours of training given. The collected data were analyzed using Levin statistical tests and analysis of variance and Wilkes lambda.

Findings indicate that the package based on meaning therapy is effective in increasing life expectancy and reducing negative spontaneous thoughts and has not been significant in reducing suicidal ideation (P = 0.0001). The intervention method has a significant effect on the total score of hope (F = 83.66 and Sig = 0.0001) and has a significant effect on the total score of negative thoughts (F = 49.01 and Sig = 0.0001). Regarding the effect of treatment on suicidal ideation, it did not have a significant effect on the total score of suicidal ideation (F = 1.63 and Sig = 0.20) and according to the results, Eta squared could only explain 6% of the variance of suicidal ideation.

Due to the effectiveness of the package developed based on meaning therapy on reducing negative thoughts and increasing the level of hope, therefore, teaching this package to increase knowledge and empower students against depression and its components is recommended.

Intrinsic motivation or spontaneity arises from psychological needs and instinctual efforts to grow. When people are internally motivated, they engage in specific activities and act on that motivation because of the interest and pleasure they derive from their inner challenge. Therefore, the purpose of the present determination and comparison was spontaneity from the perspective of the Qur'an and psychology.

The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted by library method in 2020. The present study used the perspectives of Quranic scholars and psychologists to apply and compile the topics.

 Intrinsic motivation increases creativity. A person becomes very creative when he feels that he is tasked mainly by his own interest, satisfaction, satisfaction, and challenge, not by external pressures. Since the ideal and progressive society is a society in which people in any position have internal motivations to perform their responsibilities, the importance of paying attention to spontaneity in individuals becomes clear.

The results and findings indicated that both the field of Quran and psychology emphasize intrinsic motivation. Though in the field of psychology, material and physiological factors and measurable indicators are the basis of motivation. In psychology, the concept of spontaneity in the form of specific concepts and structures such as; Motivation, motivation, need, stimulus and purpose are used.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in addition to reducing the quality of life, correspondingly affects the social and economic performance of individuals and their daily lives. The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of PMS and some related factors among female students of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences in 2018.

In the present descriptive-analytic study, 193 female students of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences whom met the inclusion criteria, were selected through convenience sampling. In addition to demographic form, the PSST questionnaire (to screen the premenstrual syndrome) and short form of WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL) were used. After receiving the ethics code, required permissions, and the informed consent form, the research questionnaires were filled out by the participants. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21 using descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation, and Chi square, t-test as well as ANOVA tests.

In this study 73 students (37.8%) had PMS and 24 students (12.4%) had PMDD. The results displayed that people with physical activity had significantly less PMS or PMDD than those without physical activity (p <0.05). There was no significant difference in mean body mass index in the three groups of people with PMS, PMDD and healthy (p> 0.05). The results correspondingly indicated that the mean of physical and psychological dimensions of quality of life in healthy people was significantly higher than the two groups with PMS and PMMD (p <0.05).

Given the relatively high prevalence of PMS among college students, the attention of university officials to this issue and the development of students’ mental health is important. Due to the association of this disease with physical activity and exercise, encouraging students to do regular exercise can reduce the severity of PMS symptoms and its complications.