نشریه مدیریت ارتقای سلامت
سال دهم شماره 5 (پیاپی 51، مهر و آبان 1400)

High-risk behaviors predispose to delinquency in adolescents, and the identification of their predictions can be effective in preventive measures. The aim of this study was to determine the structural equation modelling of high-risk behaviors with loneliness and social network addiction mediated by academic burnout in adolescents.

The research method was descriptive-correlation. The second-high school students in Shiraz in 2020 were the statistical population of this study, 221 of whom participated in stratified random sampling method. Data collection instruments included demographic questionnaire, "Iranian Adolescents Risk-Taking Scale", "UCLA Loneliness Scale: Version 3", “Addiction to Mobile Questionnaire Based on Social Networks” and the “Maslach Burnout Inventory”. Construct validity was measured by confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency was measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed in SPSS. 24 and Amos. 24.

The proposed model had a good fit. Also, the results of Bootstrap test showed that loneliness with mediation of academic burnout (β=0.085) and addiction to social networks with mediation of academic burnout (β=0.163) have an indirect and significant correlation with high-risk behaviors(P<0.05).

High-risk behaviors in adolescents based on loneliness, addiction to social networks can be predicted through mediation of academic burnout. It is suggested that psychologists and health professionals pay attention to the role of these variables.

Infertility and its treatment affect all aspects of the life of the individual and the couple and can cause various mental disorders. The aim of this study was to predict the psychological distress of infertility based on psychological toughness, mindfulness, and basic psychological needs in infertile men and women.

The present study is a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population included all infertile men and women in Tehran. 200 women and 200 men with primary and secondary infertility diagnoses referred to infertility centers in Tehran in 1998 were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale, the Psychological Hardiness Scale, the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, and the The Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale was performed. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 22.

Among the components of research, observation components (β = -0.12), description (β = -0.18), conscious practice (β = -0.24), autonomy (β = -0.22) and competence (Β = -0.33) were able to predict psychological distress. Based on the coefficient of determination, it can be said that in general, the variables in the model are able to explain 33% (R2 = 0.33) of the variance in the psychological distress variable.

Psychological hardiness, mindfulness and basic psychological needs play a role in predicting the psychological distress of infertility. Therefore, by training the necessary skills in this field, this can be reduced. Therefore, it is suggested that health teams can think of better measures to treat and improve the stress and psychological distress of infertile people with the knowledge of these issues.

The death of a loved one is one of the most common stressful events. There are certain complexities to accepting it, especially in the case of children. The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of Drama Therapy and Music Therapy on loneliness, anxiety, and children with grief referred to Ahvaz clinics.

The present study was a quasi-experimental pretest, posttest with control and follow-up groups. The statistical population of the present study included all children with grief referred to psychological clinics in Ahvaz during the fourth 4 months in 2018 with 93 children. A total of 45 girls and boys aged 9 to 12 years with symptoms of grief of one of the other attachment figures (such as mother or father) were selected and purposefully selected. Then, they were randomly selected by lottery in the drama-therapy, music-therapy and control groups (15 children in each group). Research data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, "Children's Loneliness Scale" and "Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children". Content validity and reliability by internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated. Then for the subjects of the experimental groups, 12 sessions of 90 minutes of Drama Therapy and 15 sessions of 45 minutes of Music Therapy (two sessions per week for each group) were performed and no intervention was performed for the control group. One month later, the follow-up was performed. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS. 23.

There is a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in the two variables of loneliness and anxiety, both in the post-test stage and in the follow-up stage. Also, there is no significant difference between the two groups of Music Therapy and Drama Therapy in the variables loneliness and anxiety after the test and follow-up. Therefore, both intervention groups were effective in reducing loneliness and anxiety in children with grief (P<0.01).

Both Drama Therapy and Music Therapy reduced loneliness and anxiety in children with grief. It is suggested that the above two therapies be used to help the psychological problems of children with grief.

Mindfulness skills are one of the most important concepts in increasing tolerance for anxiety and procrastination. The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship between distress tolerance and procrastination in women athletes.

The method of this research is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population in the present study included all female athletes in District 3 of Tehran in 2016-2017. 350 people entered the study through convience sampling and estimating the number of samples from Tabachnick & Fidell formula. Research instruments included: demographic questionnaire, “Kentucky Inventory Mindfulness Skills”, “Distress Tolerance Scale”, and “Procrastination Scale”. The validity and reliability of the instruments were confirmed to previous studies. Data analysis was performed in SPSS. 22 and LISREL . 8.80.

 Between the components of the “Kentucky Inventory Mindfulness Skills” (observation, description, focus, and acceptance) and the subscales of the “Distress Tolerance Scale” (tolerating emotional distress, absorption by negative emotions, mental distress estimate, and adjust efforts to alleviate anxiety) there was a direct and significant correlation (P<0.05). The path of distress tolerance towards procrastination was significant (P<0.05 t≥3;). Mindfulness skills were also directly correlated with procrastination (P <0.05; 3> 2≤t). Also, distress tolerance indirectly with mindfulness skills increases procrastination.

There was a significant correlation between the components of the “Kentucky Inventory Mindfulness Skills”, “Distress Tolerance Scale”, and “Procrastination Scale”. in female athletes. It is suggested that training courses be held to explain the effect of mindfulness and distress tolerance in reducing procrastination.

Suicide is on the rise among adolescents, and according to Cognitive Theory, hopelessness is the cause of suicide in depressed patients, and impulsivity has a moderating role. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of "Rumination -Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy" and "Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy" on impulsivity and hopelessness of depressed teenage girls attempting suicide.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with intervention and control groups with 2 months follow-up. The study population included depressed adolescents who attempted suicide in the emergency department of Samenol Aeme (AS) Hospital and Imam Hassan (AS) Hospital in Bojnourd in 2019. 30 teen girl were selected in a purposeful manner after confirming the inclusion criteria. Then they were randomly divided into two intervention groups and one control group. The demographic questionnaire, "Beck Depression Inventory-II", "Impulsiveness Scale" and the “Suicide Probability Scale” were used to collect data. Convergence validity and reliability were measured by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient of instruments. The intervention groups each received 10 sessions of 60 minutes of treatment. Data were analyzed with SPSS. 25. 

Both interventions had a significant effect on reducing hopelessness (F = 37.94, P <0.001) and impulsivity (cognitive; F = 23.29, P <0.001; lack of planning F = 55.63, P <0.001) and also in Post-test (P <0.001) and follow-up time (P <0.05) were more than pre-test, and the results were stable compared to the post-test during each two-month follow-up period in each of the intervention groups (P > 0.05).

Both interventions can reduce hopelessness and impulsivity in different ways but without superiority. Therefore, it is recommended to use these two interventions in times of depression and in times of suicidal crisis.

The brand of the club has a decisive role in the fate of the club and the factors influencing the creation and strengthening of the brand in the clubs of the Premier Volleyball League are numerous and the impact of each of these factors is different. The aim of the present study was to develop and psychometrics "Scale of Factors Affecting the Branding of Volleyball Premier League Clubs"

The research method was qualitative-quantitative (methodological). In the qualitative section, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 19 sports experts from the volleyball league teams of Iranian cities and faculty members in the fields of sports management at universities. In the quantitative part, content validity was measured qualitatively by 15 faculty members in the fields of sports management in universities. The construct validity was measured by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in both a sample of 362 sports science faculty members, volleyball specialists and sports science students (by convenience sampling method). Reliability was calculated by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient in a sample of 30 experts. Data analysis was performed in SPSS .26 and Amos. 24.

Developed scale items were derived from the qualitative section. In the quantitative part, the validity of the qualitative content was confirmed. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed 63 items and 10 subscales. Reliability was obtained by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole scale of 0.95 and for the subscales from 0.91 to 0.75.

The "Scale of Factors Affecting the Branding of Volleyball Premier League Clubs" was developed with validity and reliability. Therefore, it is recommended to use it to measure the factors affecting the branding of volleyball premier league clubs.

Mild cognitive impairment, in addition to imposing costs on community health, increases the risk of dementia. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of "Humor Training" on agitaion and cognitive function in male elders with mild cognitive impairment.

The present study is a quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included elderly men with mild cognitive impairment in Kahrizak Charity  in Alborz province in 2020. A sample of 34 male elders with mild cognitive impairment was purposefully selected based on the “Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic” score and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Data were collected from demographic questionnaire; “Cohen-Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory” and “Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic”. The validity of the instruments was determined by the convergent validity method and their reliability was determined by the internal consistency correlation method by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The intervention group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes of "Humor Training" based on "The 7 Humor Habits Program”. Data were analyzed in SPSS .24.

After intervention, there was a significant difference between intervention and control groups in agitation and cognitive function (P <0.01). After controlling the pre-test score, there was a significant difference between the intervention group with mean (99.80) and the control with mean (106.08) in agitation and the intervention group (mean 20.76) and control (mean, 16.82) in cognitive function was observed. 

"Humor Training" reduced agitation and increased cognitive function in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. Therefore, it is suggested that "Humor Training " be used to promote health, improve individual functioning and interpersonal relationships in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment.

One of the most important issues for organizations is to establish a fair system of career advancement between men and women to provide a fair opportunity for them to participate in social activities. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of predicting psychological capital based on glass ceiling and organizational justice in female employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth.

The present study is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the study was 297 female employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth in 2018-2019. 170 of them were selected through Morgan Table and simple random sampling method of lottery as a research sample. Measurement instruments were demographic questionnaire, "Psychological Capital Questionnaire", "Glass Ceiling Questionnaire" and "Organizational Justice Questionnaire". The face and content validity were assessed by the qualitative method of the questionnaires as well as the reliability by the internal correlation method by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The collected data were analyzed with statistical software SPSS. 23 and PLS. 23.

The glass ceiling and organizational justice were able to predict strongly (regression coefficient 0.66) the psychological capital of female employees. About 43% of the variance of psychological capital was explained by the glass ceiling and organizational justice. In other words, for one unit of standard deviation increase in organizational justice, the amount of psychological capital increased by 0.64 standard deviation and for one unit of standard deviation increased in the glass ceiling, the amount of psychological capital increased by 0.03 standard deviation.

Glass ceiling and organizational justice can predict the psychological capital of female employees. It is suggested that training courses be held for employees and managers in sports organizations to benefit from the expertise and ability of women.

Internet addiction and reduced perceptions of family social support among adolescents cause widespread social harm in the community. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of " Reality Therapy" training on internet addiction and perceptions of social support -family in teenage girls.

The research method was quasi-experimental and pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of this study included 220 high school girls in North Khorasan province in Bojnourd in 2020. 30 people were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly (lottery) were placed in an intervention and control group (15 people in each group). Research instruments included a demographic questionnaire, the “Internet Addiction Test”, and the “Perceived Social Support - Family Scale”. Face validity was confirmed by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Before the intervention, research instruments were completed by the groups. The intervention group received 90 minutes of educational interventions for 8 sessions and the control group was placed on the waiting list for training. After the intervention and post-test one month later, the instruments were completed by both groups. Then, at the end of the research, the control group received training. Data analysis was performed in SPSS. 22.

After the intervention, there was a significant difference between the intervention group and the control group in both variables of internet addiction (F= 23/02 and P =0/001) and perceiving the family social support (F=15/01 and P =0/001). According to the effect size values, 45% of the changes in Internet addiction and 0.34% of the changes in the perception of social support -family are due to "Reality Therapy" training (P =0/001). 

The use of "Reality Therapy" training is effective in reducing the internet addiction of teenage girls and increasing the perception of social support-family. It is recommended that counselors use the above training to improve individual abilities and reduce internet addiction and better understand family support in adolescents.

Promoting the culture of endowment and expanding endowments requires broad social participation of individuals and is formed on the basis of awareness. The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation between psychological empowerment and creativity of sports managers in attracting donors.

The present study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study was the managers and deputies of sports organizations (General Department of Sports and Youth of Tehran province, public relations officials of sports federations, managers and sports officials of the Education Organization) of Tehran province in the number of 266 people in 2020. The study sample consisted of 157 people and were selected by stratified random sampling according to Morgan Krejcie &'s table. The instruments used in the study included demographic information, "Scale of Psychological Empowerment of Employees in Sports Organizations of the National Olympic Committee of Iran", "Scale of Factors Affecting the Recruitment of Charities" and the “Scale of Effective Factors on Attracting Charities and Acquaintances in the Field of Sports “ and the “Creative Potential and Practiced Creative Scale”. Content validity was assessed by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's coefficient. Data were analyzed in SPSS. 26 and PLS. 3 software.

The values of t-statistic are positive for the relationship between empowerment and donor attraction, empowerment with creativity and creativity with donor attraction and are significant at 99% confidence level. Also, the values of standard coefficients of empowerment path on attracting donors, empowerment on creativity and creativity on attracting donors were reported positively.

Psychological empowerment and creativity of sports managers had a positive and significant correlation with attracting donors as well as psychological empowerment with creativity. It is suggested that by implementing appropriate mechanisms such as participation in the development of organizational goals, performance feedback system and strengthening creative activities to promote creativity and psychological empowerment of sports managers to provide a basis for attracting more donors in this area.

Students, as an essential element of the country›s education system, face challenges. To understand these challenges, it is important to pay attention to the psychological and social dimensions of students.  The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between cognitive emotion regulation and metacognitive awareness with help seeking behavior in students.

The present study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study was all students of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Central Branch in the 2019-2020 academic year. 330 students were selected by cluster random sampling. In this study, demographic questionnaire, «Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire», «Metacognitive Awareness Questionnaire» and «Help Seeking Behavior Questionnaire» were used. In the present study, the validity of previous studies was sufficient and reliability was measured by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach›s alpha coefficient. Students answered the questionnaires for one hour in the presence of the researcher. Data were analyzed using SPSS. 24.

There is a significant negative correlation between self-blame component and acceptance of help (P <0.05). And there is a positive and significant correlation between acceptance of help-seeking (P <0.05) between the components of accepting conditions, positive refocusing, planning refocusing and positive re-evaluation (P<0.05). Also, metacognitive awareness has a positive and significant correlation with acceptance of help, and a negative and significant correlation with avoidance of help (P <0.05).

Cognitive emotion regulation and metacognitive awareness have correlation with help seeking behavior. help seeking behavior is also predicted based on cognitive emotion regulation and metacognitive awareness. Therefore, it is suggested that more attention be paid to creating a supportive environment to strengthen students› help seeking behavior and teaching cognitive emotion regulation and metacognitive awareness.

 The role of information technology in smart schools in recent years with the prevalence of epidemics is one of the most controversial and challenging study topics. The aim of this study was to Identify factors influencing the smart schools in order to protect public health against epidemics diseases. 

The present study was conducted following the interpretive paradigm and with a qualitative approach. The statistical population of the study included senior managers and implementers of projects related to information technology, experts and smart managers of Tehran schools in 2020-2021. 16 of the above individuals were purposefully selected and participated in the study.Interviews were used to collect data using open and semi-structured questions. Acceptability, transferability and confirmability were confirmed for the validity of the study. For reliability, the validity of the encodings was checked and verified. Finally, the data were analyzed by content analysis method and using coding method. 

221 open codes were extracted and after aggregating the codes, 43 sub-themes and 5 main themes were identified as effective factors on school intelligence.

The findings indicate that the factors affecting the intelligence of schools in order to maintain community health include learning and teaching materials, processes, users, information technology and digital literacy. It is suggested that these factors be used as a framework for smartening schools, to maintain the health of a compatible community to address the challenges in the country's education system.