مجله جغرافیا و روابط انسانی
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 14، پاییز 1400)

In recent years, public access and maximum access to the Internet and its platforms, has made virtual tourism more and more possible. Also, issues such as the increase in environmental pollution, the spread of the Corona virus and the increase in travel costs have doubled the importance of paying attention to this form of tourism. In the present study, an attempt has been made to Achieve a systematic review of previous studies in the field of virtual tourism. Studies related to the subject of virtual tourism in Persian were searched in valid databases in Persian also after reviewing and writing, they were categorized according to the subject mentioned below . The thematic classification of previous studies is as follows. 1- Descriptive studies in the field of virtual tourism 2- Comparative study in the field of virtual tourism 3- Expressing the weaknesses and challenges of virtual tourism 4- Expressing the factors affecting the development and expansion of virtual tourism 5- Expressing the positive effects of tourism on different dimensions 6- Presenting a virtual tourism model.

Considering the importance of housing and the quality of the residential environment in the city as an environment that affects the mood and vitality of the residents of residential complexes, the need to design open spaces of residential complexes according to the needs and behavioral patterns of the complex residents based on principles Appears on urban planning and environmental design. The purpose of this study is to achieve the principles and model for combining open spaces of residential complexes with green space. The present study, with an analytical-comparative approach, first examines and describes the types and arrangement of full and empty spaces of residential complexes and different patterns of applicable green space to integrate with the environment, then in a hierarchical and coherent relationship, based on The criteria obtained from this section use it in the role of integrating green space in the amount of social interactions of Yasuj residents. Based on this, the findings of this study provide lessons for improving the space of residential environments and increasing social interactions and dynamizing the urban space in the city of Yasuj.

Determining the climate of a region is of great importance in the hydrological studies of a region. One of the most influential natural factors in a region is the climate and climate of that region, which due to its variable and dynamic nature has always caused very important changes in natural areas and therefore to recognize and study its status. It is very important in the study of natural resources. The aim of this study was to determine the climate of Kerman province according to the ambrothermic curve, Domarten drought coefficient and Umbrella climate. For this purpose, climatic parameters including average annual and monthly rainfall, average annual and monthly temperature, average minimum and maximum temperature in the coldest and warmest months of the year were used. The results show that due to the ambrothermic curve it is dry almost all year round except for the months (December, November, October, February, January). The numerical value of Dumarten drought coefficient, considering the two parameters of rainfall and annual average temperature, is 7.8 (range less than 10), so the climate of the region is dry. Climate The amberge view shows the climate of the region as dry and cold. All three methods show almost the same results, and in general the region has a dry climate.

Commercialization of research and production knowledge can not only provide investment in better and more advanced technologies for researchers and knowledge providers, but also contribute to the development of the country. Research commercialization is the process of transforming new research findings and developing new ideas, producing, marketing, and selling the final product. The agricultural sector is one of the most important economic sectors, especially in less developed countries, where investment is associated with high returns. Agricultural research is responsible for the development of knowledge and technology for the sustainable development of agriculture, and the commercialization of agricultural research findings in the direction of economic development based on knowledge and entrepreneurship is necessary and emphasized. Despite the importance and high value of commercialization of the achievements of agricultural scientific research, this category should not be considered as it should be and there are always many issues and problems that prevent the realization of commercialization goals in this sector. This study tries to review the concepts and importance of commercialization of research through a review method and using library resources, and by identifying the existing challenges and mentioning the influential factors, the necessary solutions to remove barriers and support commercialization in order to leap and increase production. In the agricultural sector.

Creating social justice in the villages is one of the factors that make life in the villages more prosperous and not only can it prevent the repulsion of the population, it can also attract the population. Among these, balanced distribution and distribution of rural credits are among the most important factors creating social justice in the rural environment. Therefore, using the Delphi method, seven factors of population characteristics, spatial characteristics, physical characteristics, economic characteristics, tourist attraction, natural environment characteristics, and managerial-institutional characteristics to analyze the spatial distribution of rural development credits in relation to the implementation of rural master plan in Bardsir County was determined to be divided into 23 sub-factors. Then, using AHP method, criteria and sub-criteria were prioritized. The results of this section showed that economic factors with 0.261 and household dimensions with 0.145 were the most important criteria and sub-criteria. Some criteria, such as distance from the road, did not already exist and were prepared using this tool. Also, the map of each sub-criterion was reclassified based on their importance using the GIS. Finally, the ranking of villages was done using the TOPSIS method and the results showed that out of 32 villages in which the pilot project has been implemented and allocated credit in the past, only 12 villages are in the top priorities of the TOPSIS program and 5 villages in They are at the lowest level of priority, in which the master plan has been implemented. In fact, it can be concluded that so far little attention has been paid to geographical criteria in the distribution of rural credit.

Today, public spaces such as cafes and restaurants play an important role in people's daily life style, and use the coffee shops have increased significantly compared to the past, and consequently the number of coffee shops has increased significantly. For this reason, attracting customers and turning them into loyal customers have the considerable importance for coffee shop owners. Since the sense of belonging to a place creates an emotional interaction and connection between man and place and leads to a strong desire to be present and stay and return to that place, paying attention to the physical parameters effective in promoting a sense of belonging should be the main concern. The purpose of this study is to explain the concept of environment to recognize the physical factors affecting it in the coffee shop ،moreover, to examine how these factors work in a case study (Ivy Coffee Shop). The present research is a type of applied and qualitative one and in terms of descriptive-analytical nature, the first part has been done through documentary and library studies and the second part has been done through survey and field studies. The results show that the factors affecting the creation and promotion of a sense of belonging to the place in the coffee shop can be divided into physical, functional, social, cultural, personal, semantic and temporal factors. The physical component includes elements of light, color, materials, nature, furniture, texture and decoration, size and scale. The characteristics' quality and desirability play an important role in increasing the sense of belonging to place in coffee shop users. The most important physical characteristics to create the sense of belonging in the case model (Ivy Coffee Shop)are indigenous materials, connection with nature through the use of natural elements and special attention to artificial lighting.

Today, quality of urban life is the key concept in urban planning. Accordingly, in many developed countries, planners are trying to show the quality of life levels at different geographical levels in order to find optimal solutions to improve the quality of life in the backward areas in terms of indicators. The concept of quality of life is related to human needs. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is the role of civil engineering in improving and renovating worn-out urban structures with an emphasis on improving the quality of life. The research method in this research is "descriptive-analytical" and the method of collection is survey. To collect the required information and data, documentary studies and field studies such as interviews, observations have been used. The results show that changes in people's income level, living conditions, health status, environment, stress, leisure, family happiness, social relationships and several other variables like it determine the quality of life and its changes. It can be said that the old texture of Tehran's 18th district, due to rapid urbanization and lack of infrastructure and facilities, has severely affected the quality of life, which is due to the lack of careful and predictable planning to control migration and population growth.

The emergence of cities in one place is due to political, economic and environmental capabilities, but their development and expansion over time and in each period in accordance with the orientation of governments and economic and social policies, have developed in certain directions. And the urban planning policy of governments has given many ups and downs to cities. The city of Kerman has been expanding from the center to the periphery since its formation in the Sassanid period, so that it was first built on the heights of Ardeshir and Dokhtar castles and then on adjacent flat lands until the Seljuk period in the west It continued to expand in the period of the Ghazs, Qarakhtaei-Al-Muzaffar and Timurids to the north and in the Safavid period, Zandieh and Qajar to the west, so that in the Qajar period the city was important in terms of size and population. The purpose of this research is to analyze the historical developments of Kerman city and the factors affecting urban growth and development in each period. The research method is descriptive and documentary. Using historical sources and existing evidence and documents, urban growth in each historical period has been studied and evaluated and shown on the current map of Kerman. The results show that Kerman has undergone many changes and developments in its spatial context and in each period the size and population of this city has increased. So that today it is one of the metropolises of the country. It has valuable and valuable relics of historical growth periods that deserve to be protected.

AbstractToday, urban tourism has become an important issue and activity that has caused extensive spatial changes in large cities. Cities are considered as tourist destinations due to the existence of living and welfare facilities, economic activities, trade, industry, culture, politics, health, communication, leisure and having historical and tourist attractions. The heavy dependence of cities in Iran on oil revenues has led to inadequate urban growth and encouraged consumerism. In addition, due to the fact that oil resources are finite and unreliable, it has disrupted the economic process of cities. One of the most important strategies to get rid of this challenge is to pay attention to other factors for development. Creativity is an essential element in the social, economic and cultural development of cities that is necessary to increase the commercial capacity of cities. This facilitates the exchange of knowledge and experiences between all walks of life and allows artists from all walks of life, especially in the field of culture, to acquire innovative skills and promote cultural productions. For this purpose, the present study was conducted to investigate the tourism development strategy of Nahavand city using the SWOT model. This research is applied-theoretical in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The required information and data are collected through library and field methods. The results of the research indicate the existence of tourism development capacities in Nahavand city, however, there are obstacles in this way.

Recognizing the potential of bioclimatic or bioclimatic comfort in geographical areas can help identify the comfort zone and plan for daily affairs and even help ecotourism planning of natural attractions. In this study, the first method, effective temperature and Baker in a statistical period of 5 years (1963-1969) to identify the months of bioclimatic comfort during the months of the year has been done; January 1959 January, February, March are outside the comfort zone and need 75 kcal of energy to reach the comfort zone In January 1960, February needs 75 kcal of energy to reach the comfort zone but March outside It is from the comfort zone and needs 62 kcal of energy to reach the comfort zone: in January 1974, when the CPI value is 35.8, according to the table of environmental conditions, it is cold and its human bioclimatic conditions are moderate to severe. April, July, August, September are tolerable in hot environments and are in the range of bioclimatic comfort. May, January, October, November, December are mild and in the range of bioclimatic comfort.

Today, with the expansion of cities and the growth of urbanization, as well as the increase of problems and difficulties resulting from this process and the importance of integrated management and balanced, comprehensive and sustainable development of the city, the discussion of improving existing infrastructure has become more intense. In this regard, the improvement of the urban road network and also the urban sewage network as an important and vital artery should be of special importance. Based on this, what is the appropriate solution for controlling and managing surface water? Financial and social consequences of flooding One of the geographical and climatic conditions of Iran, precipitation occurs in different parts of the country, which is very important in some areas causing soil fertility and unfortunately in some areas. Leads to flooding. Dezful city is facing water shortage in agriculture, industry and beverage sectors. According to studies, currently 1 billion and 400 million cubic meters of water leaves Dezful city annually, which can transform agriculture and industry. کرد. In this research, the required information and data have been collected through library and field methods. In this research, the SWOT model has been used for the study area.

The purpose of this article was to write about the importance and impact of sidewalks in improving the quality of life and increasing vitality and urban interactions and analyzing the relationship between the quality of urban space on sidewalks (vitality, diversity, permeability, readability, security and social interactions). The research is of descriptive-analytical type and objective observations and its contents have been collected through documentary and non-documentary methods and the article has been discussed through maps, photos and measurements with meter tools.The results showed that sidewalks play an important role in the quality of life and urban spaces, vitality and urban interactions of citizens. Proper handling and design of sidewalks will increase the presence of citizens in the urban space. This will increase the sidewalk and reduce the excessive use of personal vehicles. Components affecting the presence of people in urban areas and the use of sidewalks include safety and security, vitality, readability, access to land uses, proper access for the disabled and physically disabled, visual attractiveness, etc., which are observed in the presence of More and more people are found in urban spaces and sidewalks.

Ardebil province is one of the tourist areas in Iran. Some parts of the province have experienced climate change. But no exact and comprehensive scientific work has been carried out so far on climate change simulation over the past geological courses to draw conclusions on changes in geomorphological systems, water resources, climate change impacts on climatic variables, the environment and predict them in the future. So, the present study uses climatic-synoptic stations (1951-2010) and Demarten statistical method to evaluate climate changing fewer than three scenarios: Current Era, Holocene epoch and Pleistocene Era in order to environmental protection, study of the different geomorphological hazards in the province in terms of environmental management, management and planning. The results showed that there was no the same climate changing in the whole province. Ardebil and Meshkinshahr stations, where currently have dry climate had a Mediterranean and semi-humid climate, respectively, during the Pleistocene Era. Germi station has not changed its climate. Climate Station of Pars Abad at current Era is similar to that of the Pleistocene Era. Climate Station of Khalkhal, where is in Mediterranean type at current Era, was humid in Pleistocene Era. The results of the present study can be used to predict changes in geomorphological systems, water resources, impacts of climate change on climatic variables, the environment in the future.

Urban land use is one of the basic concepts in urban planning. It can be called the main foundation of urban planning. It can be said that urban land use has always been a constant component in all Substantive and process theories in planning discipline. This clearly states the importance of urban land use planning in its physical environment. This research uses a descriptive and narrative and best evidence synthesis review methods to survey the criteria for locating urban cultural land uses. In terms of purpose, it is an applied that examines the cultural centers and libraries as case studies. The results showed that in the studied land uses, the main criteria of locating by different researchers include: centrality, adaptability, scale, human environment, physical condition, population density and distribution, accessibility, security, safety and health. Each also includes different sub-criteria such as distance matrix, land plots, public transportation stations and stops and etcetera.

The presence of trends in rainfall and temperature can be evidence of climate change. There are different methods for examining changes and trends in temperature and rainfall time series, which are divided into two categories: parametric and non-parametric statistics. The linear regression method is a parametric category and the most common non-parametric method is the Kendall method. The aim of this study is to study the change of some climatic elements in the north and northwest of Kerman province from normal. The time period studied in this research is a 20-year period that occurs between 1999 and 2019. To study the trend of changes in meteorological parameters (average temperature, rainfall and wind speed) in Kerman province and in Anaar, Zarand, Sirjan, Shahrbabak stations, Man-Kendall and least squares regression methods were used. The results of regression of trend line slope show that for moderate temperature is a positive trend for all stations and only Shahrbabak station has a negative trend (-0 /0019)) about the rainfall parameter for the whole province has a negative trend that shows a negative trend. In the region is declining and we are moving towards droughts. Regarding wind speed, the trend is positive for Pomegranate, Zarand, Sirjan and Kerman stations and ShahrBabak station is without trend. The results of Mann-Kendall test show that the temperature of Kerman and Anaar stations has a positive trend, but Shahrbabak station has a negative trend in August (summer) and November (autumn), Zarand and Sirjan stations have no trend. Rainfall in Zarand station has a positive trend in May (spring) and in other stations there is no trend and wind speed has a positive trend in all stations.

This paper presents the earthquake disaster management in Japan. General disaster management has been promoted in an integrated and well-planned manner by the central, prefectural and municipal governments, and public utilities in their capacity according to Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act. In addition, building and improvement of facilities of high priority which help reduce damage by earthquakes have been promoted according to 5 year plans based on Act on Special Measures for Earthquake Disaster Countermeasures to prepare for earthquakes that occur anywhere at any time. On the other hand, countermeasures have been formulated individually against devastating large-scale earthquakes. One of the example is TOKYO Inland Earthquakes, which is outlined in detail. There have been some developments in earthquake disaster management policy for TOKYO Inland Earthquakes. Following, policy framework, (Earthquake Disaster Reduction Strategy and Guidelines for Emergency Response Activities, Specific Plan for Emergency Response Activities) was formulated by Central Disaster Management Council (CDMC) chaired by the prime minister. Specific measures for massive evacuees and the stranded generated by TOKYO Inland Earthquakes were also formulated and proposed measures have been further considered and pursued. Current situation of several other initiatives are also outlined in this paper such as building quake-proofing, Early Earthquake Warning (EEW) and Disaster Management Information System.

Due to the growing population, especially the urban population, as well as the industrialization of communities and the vital role of transportation in these communities and the allocation of a high percentage of value added to the transportation industry in GDP, there is an urgent need for planning in this The background is felt more and more every day. Therefore, developing a safety system along with efficient management in the transportation industry will be one of the basic foundations in reducing the resulting losses. In this research, the safety of the inner-city road network is provided by modifying the shape of the geometric plan of the roads. The research method in this article is based on analytical and descriptive method that by collecting the required information through documents and library by referring to the documents and also by interviewing the responsible persons and persons, information has been collected and solutions such as widening the passages. With the use of appropriate elements and equipment, the lighting of the passages and the correct planning of the geometric plan to create or increase safety has been presented. Based on the findings and studies, it has been concluded that the safety of inner-city roads and its role in reducing casualties in urban accidents is one of the important issues that should be considered in urban planning.

Long-term annual or seasonal periods of climate variables are suddenly used as indicators to detect climate change. Acute weather conditions often lead to significant financial and even human damage to living life and the environment. Strong winds at sub-zero temperatures can quickly dissipate heat from the body, and this process may cause the skin to become dry. wind chills are part of the local winds in the Kurdish language that lead to it and in the United States it is blizzard and in the Soviet Union and Asia it is called storm. The purpose of this study is to provide synoptic models related to the wind chill index to predict the recurrence of this natural disaster in the future, to plan and manage crisis management, to deal with the damage of this disaster and reduce its impact. The minimum standard period is a five-year period. To do the research, calculate the minimum daily temperature in Celsius and the average daily wind speed in kilometers per hour in Excel software using the formula and then compare the results according to the table of wind chill table and then the months with wind chill with You specify this index. Found. Normally presenting the amount of wind in the weather forecast to the people, the amount of skepticism for the forecasts leads to people's satisfaction.

The consequences of climate change over the past years have directly and indirectly affected many problems for the country. Meanwhile, one of the most important consequences is the drought, a phenomenon that has caused great damage to the country and the diamond sector in recent years. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of drought in both economic and social dimensions of rural areas of Bijar city and Cheng Almas section. In this study, we used SPSS software and Friedman test to analyze the data. The results show that in the economic dimension, ‌ increase in unemployment, ‌ decrease in savings, ‌ decrease in job satisfaction, اهش decrease in land and land prices, decrease in livestock production, اهش decrease in life expectancy and increase in food prices have had the greatest impact in these areas. In the social dimension, there has been an increase in migration, a decrease in rural participation, an increase in poverty, a decrease in the quality of the environment and living standards, an increase in family conflicts and the spread of disease.

Urban regeneration is a comprehensive and integrated view and action that leads to solving urban problems and improving the physical, physical and environmental economic stability of a neighborhood in the region. Abad is located in Shiraz. The research method in this research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The results were performed by t-test, correlation coefficient and regression in SPSS software. The results show that there is a positive and significant correlation between the independent variables of urban regeneration and quality of life. A rate of 0.76 can affect the quality of life of residents. Finally, suggestions were made to improve regeneration in the neighborhood.Urban regeneration is a comprehensive and integrated view and action that leads to solving urban problems and improving the physical, physical and environmental economic stability of a neighborhood in the region. Abad is located in Shiraz. The research method in this research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The results were performed by t-test, correlation coefficient and regression in SPSS software. The results show that there is a positive and significant correlation between the independent variables of urban regeneration and quality of life. A rate of 0.76 can affect the quality of life of residents. Finally, suggestions were made to improve regeneration in the neighborhood.

The issue of climate change and the tendency of global warming and its consequences, in addition to scholars, has attracted the thoughts of government men and politicians around the world. Climate is one of the most important components of the ecosystem and parameters Climate Temperature and precipitation are sensitive to climate change. Therefore, examining the trend in such variables can help in identifying climate change in the region. In order to study and detect climate change, the study of a number of climatic parameters has a higher priority than other parameters. The aim of this study was to investigate the trend of annual temperature changes in Urmia synoptic station by Mankendal test in a statistical period of 15 years with a time interval (1996-2010 in Sinotec meteorological station of Urmia. Statistical method of linear regression and Fan Kendall statistic for hair Significance of trend of temperature and precipitation series changes was used.The results show that the lack of temperature trend in Urmia has decreased with a downward slope and the lack of synchronous rainfall trend of Urmia with rising valve is increasing.

Review:The successful development of the tourism industry requires sufficient knowledge and awareness of important and effective economic, socio-cultural, infrastructural and managerial factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the development of rural tourism with emphasis on the tourism target village of Kangavar city. The study area has pristine and unique natural attractions that can attract many tourists, but for the prosperity and development of rural tourism must be provided the necessary infrastructure. The present research is of applied type with a descriptive-analytical approach and data collection has been done in a combination of documentary and field methods. Validity and reliability of the research was done through a questionnaire and 16 SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Using the Cochran's formula, 226 people were selected as the sample size. The research findings indicate the lack of essential facilities and infrastructure such as accommodation, welfare, hospitality and communication, and managerial and institutional weakness in the field of tourism development. Of course, variables such as financial status, type of occupation, production, education status, marriage and age, village of residence were related to the dependent variable of tendency to develop tourism.

The emergence of industrial hubs with oil and gas energy substrates has built economic structures which are in conjunction with energy production, transit and energy consumption centers, lt is referred to as geo-economic .The Greater Near East strategic region is in the spotlight due to the existence of large hydrocarbon reservoirs, that dominate and control it. Territories called bases and operational centers have been considered to advance the political-military and economic-commercial goals of the great powers. Afghanistan is one of the centers of operations due to its special topographical-geopolitical position .it is connected to world powers (Russia and China) and regional powers (Iran, Pakistan and India).This article uses analytical-descriptive method and using scientific and research resources while examining the geo-economic issues of Afghanistan and raises the hypothesis of creating insecurity and continuing instability in Afghanistan in order to ensure the economic-energetic benefits of industrial powers and pressure on actors. The competitor is evaluated on this basis, it is concluded that the systemic crisis resulting from the exploitation of energy resources under the name of geo-economic crisis will face major obstacles to the development of peace and stability processes in Afghanistan and will make the spread of insecurity for its surroundings inevitable.

Urbanization is the most prevalent complication in developing countries. Therefore, city managers, as the top of the city leadership pyramid, have a heavy task to create coordination between the departments that manage the city. Urban management in developing countries faces many problems, including financial inadequacies and technical skills. Along with the rapid and rapid growth of urbanization in the world, especially in developing countries in the last two or three decades, the role of cities in the national economy of these countries has changed completely and is of vital importance.The aim of this study was to investigate and identify the challenges and crises of urban management in Ahvaz metropolis, which in terms of research purpose, except for applied research, is qualitative in terms of implementation process. Data were based on a survey method and a questionnaire technique and the information was collected by random sampling.Findings have shown that there is a difference between the challenges and crises of urban management in the city of Ahvaz and from the citizens' point of view, there are many challenges with different degrees of importance in this city. Citizens believe that management challenges and crises Ahwaz metropolitan cities in order of importance are: economic challenges; Cultural challenges; Environmental challenges; Social challenges; There are security challenges and urban service challenges. Conclusion According to the research findings, the need for urban management to information dashboard in the city and awareness of the current situation, information and financial resources, equipment tools, needs and problems of the city and the citizen, is felt more than ever. And takes steps to eliminate them by planning, organizing and monitoring.

especially cultural geography. Urban areas are the turning points of human societies and the center of the accumulation of people and material objects. Our view of urban spaces can be based on different patterns of people in creating diverse places and neighborhoods. The important thing about attractive public spaces for people is to make them feel desirable or comfortable. The inescapable fact is that people will judge the activities of architects, planners, etc. by the quality and especially the physical quantity of what they see or experience around them. Social relations and public interaction of people take place in public behavioral camps. They are attracted to a camp that has the ability and desire to adapt to the fixed patterns of movement that take place there. This study examines and analyzes the quality of the environment and the sense of place of the people in Keshavarz Boulevard. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the statistical population of this research is 50 people (residents, passers-by, tourists, etc.) who were present in Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran. The theoretical framework of the research is based on documentary studies and the data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed using excel software and SWOT table. The results show that good urban spaces are measured by the concept of optimal quality. Therefore, in order to study the quality and measurement of urban spaces, criteria and characteristics have been proposed during the previous decades. The more cities can create more favorable public environments for city dwellers in order to have better social interactions, the more the city will enjoy a higher quality of urbanization and mental health of its inhabitants.

Industrial tourism whose development requires sufficient knowledge and awareness of economic, social and cultural issues and factors in each region. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of tourism on the development of Derek village in Sistan and Baluchestan province. Research information and data have been obtained through field studies and documentary-library studies. The statistical population of the study is 51 villagers. Analysis of findings was performed using SPSS software and one-sample t-test. The results show that in the index of economic effects of tourism, the level of significance of each item was less than 0.05, which shows that all variables of the economic index have significant effects on tourism, except for the variable of increasing purchasing power and improving living standards. Among the social and cultural indicators of tourism, all variables have a significant level. In the index of environmental effects of tourism, except for the indices of plant environment protection, noise pollution, air pollution, etc., the improvement of the condition of internal passages, other variables have a significant level

Drought is one of the natural disasters that can occur in any climate. In recent decades, Iran has been continuously affected by severe and widespread droughts and has imposed detrimental effects on various economic sectors, including agriculture, environment and water resources. Today, vegetation indices obtained by remote sensing technology are used to identify and analyze agricultural droughts. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate drought with vegetation indices VCI, TCI, VDI, WSVI VHI. In the study area. This operation was carried out using Landsat 8 satellite images in the period 2013 to 2020. The results showed that the drought situation in Chehregan village is not in a good condition and among the studied villages, Goni Markazi village It has vegetation in better conditions in terms of drought. Also, using the opinions of experts and using AHP weighting method, agricultural and infrastructural strategies for the study area were evaluated. According to experts, the development of rural living standards scored the most points according to experts for standard infrastructure solutions.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between thinking styles and emotional intelligence and family functioning in married women working in Tehran Children's Medical Center Hospital in autumn and winter of 1399.

The research method in this study is descriptive and correlational. The independent variables of thinking styles and emotional intelligence and the dependent variable is family performance research. The statistical population of the study was 181 people and the statistical sample was 121 people who were selected by random sampling method to collect information. Sternberg Thinking Style Questionnaire, Shot Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire and Family Functioning Questionnaire (FAD) were used to test the hypothesis and research objectives after examining the general and specific assumptions of descriptive and inferential statistical methods used in descriptive statistics. Mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum in inferential statistics section, Pearson correlation test, multivariate linear regression analysis was used.

The results showed that there is a relationship between thinking styles and emotional intelligence with family performance in married female employees working in medical centers. There is a negative and significant relationship between emotional intelligence and family dysfunction. In other words, there is a positive and significant relationship between emotional intelligence and family functioning. There is also no significant relationship between thinking styles and family functioning. It was also shown between thinking styles and ability. Problem solving (family performance component) There is a relationship and there is no relationship between thinking and role playing styles, emotional intercourse and emotional companionship (family performance components). There is also a relationship between emotional intelligence and the ability to solve problems, role play, emotional intercourse and emotional companionship (components of family functioning (.

Sustainable income is very important for any organization, whether in the field of urban issues or in other areas, and is the basic basis for the correct and purposeful performance of the activities of an organization. For this reason, the managers of each organization try to consider specific resources for their annual budget and, if necessary, even determine alternative sources and use them if necessary. Lack of these resources or its uncertainty causes the income of an organization to fluctuate during a year or even many years, and depending on the scope of activity of that organization, part of the unfulfilled goals and direct or indirect users of its services and activities. Affect the organization. Meanwhile, tourism planning in order to generate income for a city like Tehran, which has all-round potential, is a necessity and task for managers and planners of this metropolis to improve the quality of life of the people of this city through this income. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to plan sustainable income generation of municipalities, the need to improve the quality of life by emphasizing the potential of tourism in the metropolis of Tehran by descriptive-analytical method. The results show that tourism is an important factor in sustainable economic development and job creation and is one of the industries that is very significant in terms of income and job creation, and this industry directly and indirectly creates jobs for countless people. Also, planning in the field of urban tourism development should lead to the promotion of a vibrant, environmentally friendly society, a decent economy, equality and justice, livability of the city and the sustainability of the city's economy.