مجله تحقیقات نظام سلامت حکیم
سال بیست و سوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 91، زمستان 1399)

The Covid-19 pandemic created a situation in which managers had to make decisions in a short period of time and also created challenges for them. One of the most important challenges in this situation was the provision of manpower. As the prevalence of Covid-19 increased, the number of patients referred to hospitals increased and the workload of staff multiplied. Lack of standard equipment for personal protection and constant fatigue and exhaustion of medical staff due to high workload led to a decrease in their level of immunity and safety, and a large number of hospital staff became infected with Covid-19. The purpose of this study is to provide the scenarios and strategies that were used to meet the challenge of providing and maintaining medical staff during Covid-19 in Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman, as experience to other managers of medical centers and hospitals.

Avoidable mortality is one of the indicators that shows the effectiveness and efficiency of health policies in society. Accordingly, this study seeks to analyze the contribution of avoidable mortality in improving Iran’s life expectancy during 2006-201.

Data on causes of death by age and sex were obtained from the system of registration and classification of causes of death of the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education and were used after correcting for under reporting and misclassification of causes of death. Also, using the decomposition method, the contribution of avoidable deaths and other causes of death in increasing life expectancy has been calculated.

The findings of this study showed that avoidable deaths caused 1.3 years and 1.2 years of increase in life expectancy (0-74 years old) of men and women in Iran during 2006 to 2016. Avoidable deaths in old age have played an important role in increasing the life expectancy between 0 and 74 years of both sexes, and among the causes of death, ischemic heart disease with 0.8 years for women and 0.7 years for men has been the main reason for the improvement of this index in Iran.

The cause of most avoidable deaths is diseases that can be prevented through treatment. But because investing in treatment is not economical, investing in preventive care is more effective and beneficial in preventing death.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of exchange rate uncertainty on drug exports in Iran Non-oil exports in Iran are a key element for economic growth.

in Iran by longitudinal studies from 2003 to 1397. The statistical population of the present study is pharmaceutical companies active in the field of export, which is based on data Official information and reports were selected and the sample included time series data from 2003 to 1397. To analyze the data and estimate the real exchange rate uncertainty index, the generalized conditional heterogeneous variance self-regression econometric method (GARCH-M) is used to estimate the parameters and evaluate the effects of macroeconomic variables on Non-oil exports GMM econometric technique was used using EVIEWS econometric software.

This study showed that non-oil exports in the Iranian economy is a key variable because its prosperity is a sign of the existence and continuity of competitiveness of the country’s economy, but the performance of non-oil exports in industries such as pharmacy and its trend in Iran has not been favorable.

Based on the results, non-oil exports are a key variable in Iran’s economy because its prosperity is a sign of the existence and continuity of the country’s economy and the government itself for continuous growth. And it is the competitiveness of the economy and the performance of non-oil exports and its trend in Iran has not been favorable. Although the massive import of goods and services into the country over the past years has been continuously financed through revenues from oil exports, the slowness of non-oil exports is hampering both productivity growth and meeting foreign exchange needs in the future.

Metabolic syndrome (MS), is an important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MS and its components in the population over 30 years in Naghadeh city and their relationships with demographic characteristics.

In this cross-sectional study, 10,296 people over 30 years who participated in the IraPEN program in Naghadeh during 2016-18 were studied. Demographic characteristics, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol were studied. MS was defined according to the ATPIII criterion. Relative frequency, 95% confidence interval, and mean and standard deviation were used to describe qualitative and quantitative variables. Direct standardization method was used to standardize the prevalence measures.

In this study, 57.6% of the sample were female and 62.3% lived in urban areas. The age-standardized prevalence of MS was 32.8% (95%CI: 31.9-33.8) (48.3% in women and 18.2% in men). Its prevalence was higher in urban areas, and increased with age and decreased levels of education. The prevalence of MS components had a similar pattern in demographic subgroups. Abdominal obesity in women (77.6%) and low HDL in women and men (75.3% and 49.7%, respectively) had the highest frequency.

The prevalence of MS and its components is high in Naghadeh city. Planning and implementing educational programs for the whole population, especially housewives, to change eating behaviors and increase physical activity, as well as appropriate screening and preventive programs to identify people who need intervention can be effective in reducing the complications of MS and its components.
 
 

Inadequate physical activity is one of the main causes of chronic diseases in adult and elderly individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of physical activity in middle-aged people (30-59 years) in Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 on 4112 middle-aged population (30-59 years old) of the country using systematic proportional to size cluster sampling from five universities of medical sciences (Mashhad, Guilan, Alborz, Bushehr and Kermanshah) located in five different geographical areas were selected.The physical activity of individuals was assessed by Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) has been used in WHO STEPS methods. Data analysis was performed in Stata software version 14 using Chi-square test and logistic regression model.

The mean and standard deviation of the age of the subjects was 42.4 ± 7.8 years (men: 42.3±7 7.9 and women: 42.5 ± 7.8 years). According to the results, 61.3% (men:55.1%,women:67.6%) had insufficient physical activity. The percentage of appropriate physical activity was significantly higher in men than women (P <0.001) and in people with higher education (P <0.001) than people with less education.

Based on the findings of the present study, 61.3% of the middle-aged population of Iran do not have enough physical activity. Designing and implemention of interventional programs to increase the physical activity and prevent of main non-communicable diseases in this age group seems to be necessary.
 
 

Improving the health is one of the responsibilities of medical universities. Examining the employment status of graduates in universities can help the process of growth and quality development of education. The purpose of this study was to determine the employment status of medical graduates of Ahvaz jundishapur University of Medical Sciences.

This retrospective cross – sectional study was conducted in the medical graduates of 2012-2016. Data gathering instrument was a questionnaire, consisted of personal, employment and job satisfaction details. Data were collected by phone. For data collection a researcher-made questionnaire was used which validity and reliability had been confirmed. Data analysis was performed by spss-18 software and descriptive statistics and Chi-square test.

Examining the employment s tatus of graduates of universities can help the improvement of quality of education. The purpose of this study was to investigate the employment s tatus of medical graduates of Ahvaz jundishapur University of Medical Sciences.

This cross – sectional study was conducted among the medical graduates between 2012 and 2016. Data gathering instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire which validity and reliability had been confirmed. Data were collected through telephone-based interview. Data analysis was performed by SPSS-18 software and descriptive statistics and Chi-square tes t.

Two thirds (66.7%) of participants were female and one third (33.3%) were male with a mean age of 32.2±1.8 years. The results indicated that 42.4% of medical graduated were employed at one of the public or private organization, 13.1% were unemployed and 39.4% admitted for continue in residency training. 5.1% had also emigrated abroad. The majority (84%) of the graduates were satisfied with their occupation in the medical profession and 94.6% evaluated the quality of university education as medium and good. Chi-square test showed that there was no statistically significant difference between employment of male and female graduates (p = 0.10). The success rate of female graduates in the residency entrance exam was significantly higher than male graduates
(p = 0.015).

Medical graduates were in good condition in terms of employment, continuing education and passing the residency entrance exam. The majority of graduates were satisfied with their occupation in the medical profession and the quality of university education.

The access rate to medical graduates was 60%(198/330). Two thirds (66.7%) were female and one third (33.3%) were male with a mean age of 32.2±1.8 years. The mean age of medical graduates was years and their age ranged 29-37 years. The results indicated that 42.4% of medical graduated were employed at one of the public or private organization, 13.1% were unemployed and 39.4% admitted for continue in residency education. 5.1% had also emigrated abroad. The majority (84%) of the graduates were satisfied with their employment in the medical profession and 94.6% evaluated the quality of university education as good and average.

Medical graduates are in good condition in terms of employment, continuing education and passing the residency exam. The majority of graduates were satisfied with their employment in the medical profession and the quality of university education. 

In recent years, among managers and designers of healthcare spaces, there has been a growing tendency to move towards hospital design by combining patient perceptions and expectations of the physical environment of the care area. The main question of the research was how to adapt the objective perception to the patient’s mental perception to create a sense of place in the hospital space.The purpose of this study is to investigate the patient’s perception of the factors affecting the sense of place in the hospital space to assess how they perceive the components of the hospital location.

This was qualitative research with a phenomenological approach conducted between July and December 2020. Purposeful sampling was performed on 23 patients that waz admitted in surgical ward of Pirooz and Ghaem hospitals in Gilan province and the participants were interviewed in depth.The data, analyzed by the Colaizzi method.

  consisted of 530 primary codes, 57 sub-themes, and seven main themes. The main themes were hospital location, access to hospital, hospital identity, hospital dependency, hospital attachment, human interactions in the hospital, and hospital evaluation.

  A successful treatment with human interactions within the hospital between patients and users and companions in a complete hospital with efficient space through fixed features of the environment ,and a healing environment with the help of environmental variable features and hospitalization in a suitable position in the city which its easy accessibility, and identification were effective in creating a general sense of the patient towards the hospital.
 

This study aimed to investigate the health information behavior among the employees of the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 2020. This s tudy is applied research, conducted by descriptive survey method.

This applied- descriptive study have been done in 2020 and research population includes 348 employees of the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The results showed that “Knowledge of Disease Prevention Methods” with a mean of 4.27 (SD=0/99) has been declared as the most important goal of health information search. “Consultation and assistance from physicians, nurses and health professionals” with a mean of 4.07 (SD= 0/97) has been named as the main channel for obtaining health information. Among social networks, Instagram is mentioned as the main channel for obtaining information (with an average of 4.52).

Employees of the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran need to receive information through official and credible sources and channels for the quantitative and qualitative level of appropriate information related to the field of health (personal and occupational). Appropriate planning and policy-making by the officials and senior managers of the bank in the field of health and at the head of the Department of Welfare, Health and also the administrative and financial deputy of the Central Bank to facilitate staff training in health information resources by expanding and increasing Information channels and channels can be helpful.

The health sys tem consis ts of individuals, groups and organizations involved in policy making, financing, generating resources and providing health services with the aim of promoting, res toring and maintaining people health. The health sys tem mus t be resilient to shocks and crises. Concepts related to health sys tem resilience are complex and ambiguous. This s tudy aimed to explain the concepts, attributes, antecedents, and consequences of the health sys tem resilience.

This research was conducted in the period of February to March 2021 using the conceptual review method. All articles related to health sys tem resilience indexed in Medline, Scopus, Web of science, Science Direct, Iran Medex, Magiran, and SID databases and Google and Google scholar search engines between 2005 and 2020 were extracted, assessed and reviewed. Finally, 76 articles were selected and analyzed.

Health sys tem resilience is “the ability, capability and capacity of the health sys tem to predict, prevent, prepare, absorb, adapt and transform when exposed to shocks and s tresses and deliver routine health services continuously during the crisis management”. Adaptation, learning, response, change, preparedness, sus tainability, communication, prediction, absorption and withs tanding are the main elements of the health sys tem resilience. A model including six building blocks and three outcomes were developed for health sys tem resilience and a checklis t was developed to evaluate the resilience of the health sys tem using these 9 dimentions and 75 items.

Resilience is a multidimensional concept that has changed over time. It is necessary to s trengthen the resilience of the health sys tem’s six building blocks to be able to improve health sys tem resilience.