مجله پژوهش در ادبیات کودک و نوجوان
پیاپی 4 (بهار و تابستان 1400)

Ancient Iranian literature, is an inexhaustible source for creation of diverse cultural products for all age groups, but the way that authors narrate this enduring source is very important. Education has always been one of the primary concerns of human beings and basically it is the mission of the prophets and their role in the human life is achieving to this goal. Gradually with the emergence and evolution of literature and its division into different types, many scholars decided to combine literature and didaction in order to pave the way for achieving this, and thus didactic literature was formed. Didactic literature believes that human felicity lies in improving morality and focusing on cultivation of the spiritual powers and moral education of man. The content of this literature is moral, social or scientific educations and is aimed on education. Whereas Iran is the cradle of dedactic literature, and Children's literature follows this approach, many writers from the past to the present and based on their literary taste, mentality and imagination have used ancient texts as the basis and standard of their work. They re-created it or rewrote that ancient work in modern and appropriate language for the age of their audiences, Children and adolescents. while retaining the linguistic characteristics and tone of the original work, a new recreation of the texts will be offered to their audiences. Qaboos nameh and Siasat nameh are of the prominent and important books containing dedactic and advisory books, which were recreated and rewrote several times. Present article is going to observe the statistics of the recreation and rewriting of these two books during the sixties to nineties, then examining the uniformity and impact of the recreations.

Children’s poems have been remarkably evolved within the last two decades. Some of the researchers believe that considering concepts in relation to war and peace in children’s poems within the years after war have been the distinguishing point in this regard. In this research, two hundred ten books including 1518 have been studied. The poems were composed by ten poets from the 2000s and 2010s. two hundred thirty-eight of them which indicated the concepts of war which have been analyzed from the view point of content. The results of the present research indicate that the poets of these two last decades have remarkably mulled over concepts such as description of military conflicts in Iran, especially during the war, liberation movements, religious wars, especially Ashura, family conflicts, tensions between children and society, animal conflict and the retelling of ancient myths. They followed a peace – based outlook through which reflected them in their poems.

One of the consequences of the eight-year Iran-Iraq war is the emergence of a branch of literature such as resistance literature. However, children and adolescents' literature as a sub-branch of literature is no exception to the reflection and impact of the war and like other cultural phenomena, it is influenced by political and social currents, so its roots should be examined in the social context of society. As an external factor, war affects the imagination, which is the most important factor in the creation of art, including literature. By division of images into night and day systems, the paper aims to investigate the effect of war on the formation of the author's imagination (Ahmad Akbarpour) and the creation of “Good Night Commander!” story based on the structures of the imagination system from the perspective of Gilbert Durand. However, the reflection of these images is examined in inducing the author’s message about the phenomenon of war to the audience, in particular, children and adolescents.

Legends and folktales are an indispensable part of the literature and culture of any nation. They are reflection of the culture, civilization and customs of every nation, which is part of the literature and history of each country. They have also carried moral, philosophical and national messages since ancient times and their main purpose has been to educate the next generation and to transmit cultural and national concepts. The aim of this research is to compare and focus on the mythical concepts and archetypes of the two cultures with the help of comparative literature and intertextuality and to analyze the main literary elements of legends in both Iranian and Polish versions.

Every inventive prose narrative work that has significant relation with real world, is located in the domain of literatures. The most important element which transfers story theme and the most important factor of propounding story plan, is fictional character. One of the main duties of fictional character, is stimulating agreement or disagreement and disgust sense of reader. Although most complicated stories, attract reader's emotions and feelings to main character of story so that reader likens himself/herself with him/her and identification sense is created. Teenager literature is a literature that its existence is completely dependent on imaginary relations with its particular addressee that is teenager. The first element of this type of literature, is its creator. This study, considers character element in eighteen teenager stories created by Mohammadreza Bayrami, that through collecting library information and in the form of analytic and descriptive, tries to consider various human and non-human characters, types of characters in terms of interactions, and character in terms of structure and texture, and analyze them (characters). Findings of this study show that most characters in teenager stories of Mohammadreza Bayrami, are human and real.

Teaching sexual issues to children seems to be one of the main concerns of today’s society. Although lots of research has been done in this regard, there are still concerns about teaching sexual issues to children. One of the concerns is about the age of teaching them. Even though there are not any specific limitations on teaching sexual issues to children, it is essential to arrange a certain plan to convey them to children. Sexual abuses can influence children’s life both in long term and short term. Children who have not been taught about sexual education are more vulnerable to sexual abuses. In case they are abused, they will suffer alot. The present research aims to scrutinize the emphasis of teaching sex education in family and training environments and the necessity of using children’s literature in this field. It is also concluded that there are at least three alternatives to teach sexual issues to children. First, teaching in families, second, teaching in educational environment and third, by children’s literature. However, children’s literature can be the best choice according to the attitude, traditional, religious and cultural distractions in Iran.

Children’s literature plays a key role in nurturing and institutionalizing the educational, behavioral and social values. Children’s poetry develops the most fundamental part of this type of literature. Thus, it has a leading role as one of the educational instruments. Defining suitable didactic concepts and valuable implications in form of poem can undeniably affect developing child’s ideology, character and mind. The emergence of didactic literature in Children’s works is regarded as one of the greatest and the most magnificent literary types in Iran. Many of the children’ poets heed this literary type. Asadollah Shabani, Jafar Ebrahimi and Afsaneh Sbaban Nejad are identified as the most prominent figures in children’s literature who have figured out the significant role of these concepts and have used them as an instrument to foster a dynamic, strong and considerate generation. The present research aimed at analyzing and indicating the didactic and social components in the works and poems of the poets. This research is a theoretical study based on library research as well as an analytical- descriptive approach. The findings of this research indicate that the aforementioned poets have considered the didactic components and concepts in the field of Children’s poetry such as empathy, altruism, peace, perseverance and patriotism. And socio-educational concepts are among the practical concepts of these three poets.

Socialization is more important in childhood and it can be very effective on the child's personality and emotional regulation. Indeed, storytelling has a special role and position among the methods of teaching it to children. The present study is based on a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test of the control group to investigate the effect of electronic storytelling on the development of social skills and emotional regulation of mentally retarded male students. The statistical population of the study included all male students with mental disabilities of The Exceptional School of Golestan 1 in Baharestan Province. In this study, thirty of these students were selected using a simple random sampling and were divided in two groups of experimental group and control group each containing fifteen ones. The experimental group was trained in social skills and emotional regulation through electronic storytelling for 12 months in twelve 20-minute sessions. The data were collected after the sessions were over and analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results indicated that teaching social skills through electronic storytelling is effective on improving and strengthening social skills, emotional regulation and communication with respect in students with mental retardation.

This study seeks to analyze the themes and characteristics of one of the works related to the adolescent age group entitled "Rooney swallowed a piano", written by Timur Aghamohammadi to determine how the author of literary works can achieve his goals and ,provide a beautiful language in the form of narrative, thereby enhancing the necessary impact on inclusive education. The research method is content analysis. In this method, the researchers extract the important issues raised in the text. In this method, data collection was done through library and text documents and the structure of the article was the pattern of critique and analysis of the work of art. In the study and analysis of Rooney's novel by theme analysis, 188 initial codes were extracted. These basic open source codes (examples and sentences) were categorized into 157 central themes which were summarized in the form of 16 selective themes. After reviewing the themes, the final theme of Rooney's novel shows that the 4 main themes of this novel include : (educational, social and family, cultural, literary and artistic) and its 20 sub-themes include: ( education, educational, religious, moral, psychology, communication and norms, Iranian culture, culture of other nations, cyberspace, literature, music, daily interactions, economy and livelihood, family, social etiquette, peace and friendship, criticism and demanding, Internet, lifestyle, life skills).

Most picture books include some elements denoting a timeline to the book which are both active and passive to enable the audience to perceive the chronology of events. In narratology, these elements are called “character”. Analyzing the position of a “character” in picture books from a visual view and its relation to the writing language system is one of the topics which has not been remarkably scrutinized. Since the semiotics signs introduce the narrative discourse as a purposeful one, the present study aims to analyze the role of the characters of a picture book from the perspective of semiotics signs. It is noteworthy that a picture book holds its own setting and semantics, but it is dominated by a linear structure and narration-based trend. Accordingly, the picture book of Cicada by Shaun Tan will be mulled over from the narrative discourse and the interactive relations (the characters) point of view. Nonetheless, the interactive discourse between the subject and the book can be detected. The findings of this research indicated that the imaginary organization has an important position in the relations among interactors and their roles. In fact, the valuable object of the narration can be changed. This also affects the reading of the audience as the narrative discourse subject.

The major part of the country's development is based on the educational system and the elementary course is considered as the most important course in all educational systems because children's personality is being formed. Given the vital and effective role of entrepreneurship in creating employment and inclusive growth of countries, the expansion of entrepreneurship and its training in educational systems is felt more than ever. As a result, the educational system is one of the important platforms in any society for the creation, growth and development of entrepreneurial skills through textbooks and curricula in children who are the future of society. Most of the studies and research that have been conducted in the field of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial education are related to higher education. The present research aims to scrutinize the concepts of education, elementary education, entrepreneurship, education and entrepreneurial goals and entrepreneurial training courses, the impact of the school atmosphere on entrepreneurial education the concepts that can be taught in elementary school as critical and crucial periods in the lives of individuals and future society should also be addressed.

The level of understanding linguistic concepts and receiving literary images varies due to the distinctive characteristics of human beings in relation to each other. Many factors such as cultural level, economic well-being, ideology and mental abilities as well as intelligence determine the acquisition of language skills. The discussion of language is one of the categories that is very important in the works of children and adolescents due to the special audience and the deep influence of language in childhood. In this study, the use of language in the works of children and adolescents has been studied and critically from two perspectives. The researcher tries to investigate some incorrect uses of language in the works of children and adolescents and believes that the language of literary works of this group should be given serious attention; Because these audiences have not yet reached a level of linguistic comprehension that can recognize complex linguistic and literary works. The method of descriptive-analytical research and data collection is often library method.