نشریه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی خراسان شمالی
سال سیزدهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1400)

The study aims to present the sport participation model of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.

This research was exploratory mixed method (qualitative-quantitative), respectively. The population in the qualitative section of the study consisted of some sports authorities, specialist physicians, sports management professors and a number of athletes with MS illnesses (n = 18), and in the quantitative section, some of the patients who were referred to medical centers (n = 224). Sampling was targeted and accessible. Data were collected through qualitative interviews and quantitative researcher-made questionnaires. Reliability was confirmed by considering the ideas of 8 experts in sports science and the validity was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.86). Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics (EFA) with Spss22 and path analysis using Smart PLS software.

According to the results, six different factors affecting the participation of MS patients were: individual (t=2.881, β=0.169), managerial (t=2.588, β=0.149), economic (t=2.617, β=0.131), media (t=4.776, β=0.126), socio-cultural (t=4.629, β=0.147) and facilities-equipment (t=3.091, β=0.112).

Given the research findings, a total of six identified factors reflect the model of development of sports participation of MS patients, and with officials' attention to the mentioned factors, the MS patients' participation in sports activities will increase dramatically which will in turn improve their lifestyle.

Radiation therapy is one of the most important methods of cancer treatment. Radiation therapy uses symmetric and asymmetric fields in which the radiation dose distribution is different. To calculate the dose distribution, computer treatment planning systems are used which must have acceptable calculations accuracy. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of the dose calculated by the Isogray treatment planning system in symmetric and asymmetric fields in the water phantom using ionization chamber dosimeter.

Practical measurements were performed by a Semiflex ionization chamber dosimeter in the PTW-MP3 water phantom. Depth dose data on the central axis of the beam and dose profile at a depth of 10 cm, for square fields with dimensions of 5 × 5, 10 × 10, 15 × 15, 20 × 20 and 30 × 30 cm and rectangular fields 20 × 8 And 15 × 10 cm and half beam fields with dimensions of 6 × 10 and 7 × 15 cm were measured. Corresponding data were extracted from the treatment planning system and compared with each other by gamma index.

Dosimetric data and treatment planning system were in good agreement for depth dose percentage and dose profile, and for almost all points, the gamma index value was less than one with strict criteria of 2% dose difference and 2 mm difference in distance.

The results show the acceptable accuracy of Isogray treatment planning system in dose calculations for symmetric and asymmetric open fields in homogeneous water phantoms.

The first step to oral health is the prevention and treatment of the disease in its early stages, which affects the quality of life, self-confidence and social relationships. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of Propolis, Miswak and Rosa damascene on oral pathogens.

The medicinal plants Miswak, Rosa damascene and Propolis, after preparation and drying, were extracted by ethanol solvent by maceration method and its antimicrobial properties were investigated by disk diffusion, well diffusion and determination of minimum inhibitory and lethal concentration.

The results showed that the ethanolic extract of Rosa damasce compared to Miswak and Propolis showed highest diameter of no growth in the disk and well methods on the bacteria and fungi studied and its antifungal effects was better than antibacterial effects. It was higher and the extract of this plant had a stronger inhibitory effect on Streptococcus mutans than Lactobacillus acidophilus and in some cases with the inhibitory effect of 0.2% fluoride was observed to be somewhat equal. Ethanolic extract of Rosa damascena with the lowest MIC showed the highest growth inhibitory effect after antibiotics and 0.2% fluoride.

Ethanolic extract of Rosa damascena had a higher antimicrobial effect and with better MIC and MFC / MBC had a better inhibitory effect on oral pathogens.

One of the most important events that can happen in a man's life, is becoming a father, which causes huge changes in men's personality, lifestyle and identity. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between adaptation with paternal role and its fatherhood and offspring predictive factors in fathers attending to healthcare centers in Rasht.

The present study is a cross-sectional analytical study. The participants were 298 of fathers referring to healthcare centres and were chosen randomly. Paternal adaptation is measured with standardized paternity adaptation questionnaire (PAQ) that contains 38 items classified under five factors (ability in performing the roles and responsibilities; perceiving the parental development; stabilization in paternal position; spiritual stability and internal satisfaction; and challenges and concerns). Data were analyzed using Shapiro and Kruskal-Wallis test and Man Whitney and Spearman correlation test.

Shapiro and Kruskal-Wallis tests showed that the paternal adaptation level was statistically significant in terms of the child's age (P <0.05). The father's age also had a significant inverse correlation with the level of paternal adaptation (r = -0.115) , (P =0.048).

Due to the results of this study, it seems that paternal ethnicity is the predictor of paternal adaptation among other predictors of paternal adaptation. the level of paternal adaptation in ability in performing the roles and responsibilities; perceiving the parental development; stabilization in paternal position; spiritual stability and internal satisfaction subscale were in favorable range but the challenges and concerns subscale was in unfavorable range.

Insulin resistance is a common complication of obesity in communities, so effective and available treatment for this disorder is necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Eryngium Billardieri extract on insulin resistance in animal models.

30 Wistar rats were prepared from Baqiyatallah University Animal house and randomly divided into control (N = 6) and case (N = 24) groups. After preparing a blood sample,they were fed a normal and high-fat diet for 13 weeks, respectively, and at the end, blood samples were taken again and serum cholesterol, FBS, TG, OGTT and insulin were measured. The case group was then randomly divided into: positive control, E. Billardieri, pioglitazone, and E. Billardieri + pioglitazone groups (N = 6) and treated with (50mg / kg) E. Billardieri and (5mg / kg) pioglitazone by gavage daily for 4 weeks. At the end of treatment, serum samples were prepared again and serum factors were measured by standard laboratory methods.

Treatment with high-fat diet significantly increased the weight of animals (P <0.0001). Cholesterol, sugar, triglyceride and insulin levels also increased significantly but HDL-C decreased (P <0.05). HOMA-IR and TYC indices showed a significant increase (P <0.05). Treatment of animals significantly increased HDL-C and decreased other factors (P <0.01).

The findings of this study indicate a reduction in insulin resistance by E. Billardieri extract, so it can probably be used as a complementary or alternative treatment for insulin resistance.

Non-tuberculous species of Mycobacterium are a large group of Mycobacterium and are widely distributed throughout the world. Increased isolation of non-tuberculous mycobacteria from patients with mycobacteria infections in Iranian laboratories was associated with erroneous and unnecessary drug treatment, so that in some cases isolated strains considered as drug resistant strains. According to studies conducted in Iran, Mycobacterium simiae was one of the most abundant non-tuberculous mycobacteria. The treatment regimen used includes Moxifloxacin, Clarithromycin along with third drugs Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole and Streptomycin antibiotics. Due to the limited studies performed on Mycobacterium simiae, in this study, the resistance of Mycobacterium simiae to common antibiotics used in the treatment regimen was evaluated by using the REMA Plate method.

In the present study, the drug susceptibility of 10 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium simiae to Clarithromycin, Moxifloxacin, Co-trimoxazole and Streptomycin antibiotics was evaluated using the REMA Plate method.

Out of 10 samples, all samples were sensitive to streptomycin and clarithromycin antibiotics (100%) and resistance to Moxifloxacin and Co-trimoxazole were %10 and %60, respectively.

The results indicated that the most effective drugs for the treatment were Clarithromycin, Streptomycin and Moxifloxacin, which can be used as a proper regimen in the treatment of Mycobacterium simiae infection.

Due to the widespread prevalence of the disease of Covid 19 and the fact that the behavior and lifestyle of people has an important role in the transmission of this disease, this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of high-risk behaviors in patients with this disease.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 706 patients whose PCR test results were positive. The required data were collected by completed checklists and medical files. Descriptive tests and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze collected data.

There were 706 people with Covid 19 disease in the study. The mean age of patients was 42.68 ±16 16.66 years and 388 people of them were male (55%). The most high-risk behaviors of the people were 423 people attending in public and crowded places (60%) and 226 people using public vehicles (32%). There was a significant relationship between the high-risk behaviors acts and demographic characteristics (P<0.05).

Given the relationship between high-risk behaviors and demographic variables, it is recommended that health education programs be developed with the aim of enhancing knowledge of infectious diseases and conforming to life habits based on specific groups. Periodic evaluations of the behaviors of different demographic groups can also lead to informed planning and smart decisions to prevent the spread of the disease in society.

When World Health Organization (WHO) declared that Covid-19 is a pandemic, a wide range of drugs, including antiviral drugs and antibiotics have been taken to treat this disease. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of cardiac dysrhythmias due to the conventional medications in 58 COVID -19 patients.

This study is a cross-sectional analytical study was performed to determine the incidence of dysrhythmias due to the conventional medications in 58 COVID -19 patients. The instruments used in this study were a checklist consisted of two parts: 1- Demographic information, 2- A Checklist to investigate the incidence of changes in the patient's electrocardiogram (ECG). The collected data were entered into SPSS Ver 20 software, and statistical analyzes were performed, considering the significance level of P< 0.05.

The data of 58 patients were analyzed. The results showed that the use of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in 71.4% of patients increased the QTC interval, and in 77.1% increased the RR interval in QRS complexes. Only a significant relationship between the use of Lopinavir-Ritonavir and QTC (P< 0.05).

Taking Lopinavir-Ritonavir in some cases increases the QTC interval in patients with Covid-19 and may expose them to life-threatening dysrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia and torsade de pointes.

The use of supplements and exercise to treat metabolic diseases and disorders has become popular; Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise and resveratrol supplementation on some inflammatory markers and insulin resistance in women with type 2 diabetes.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. Twenty-four women with type 2 diabetes were voluntarily and randomly divided into three groups: supplement, exercise + supplement (400 mg resveratrol) and control group. Subjects practiced for 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week, and each session lasted 40 to 60 minutes with an intensity of 45-65% of the reserve heart rate. Data analysis was performed using analysis of covariance and paired t-test at the significant level (P <0.005).

The combination of aerobic exercise and resveratrol supplementation significantly reduced c-reactive protein compared to the supplement group. (P=0/02). Also, insulin resistance in the supplement group (P = 0/03) and aerobic exercise + supplement group (P = 0/01) compared to the control group showed a significant decrease.

Based on the findings of the present study, it seems that taking resveratrol supplementation and aerobic exercise can have better results on serum levels of inflammatory agents in women with type 2 diabetes.

Lumbar hyper extension syndrome is the second most common category of lumbar syndromes that reduces the height of the disc and narrows the intervertebral foramen in the lumbar vertebrae. The purpose of this study was the effect of exercises (imagery and corrective) on the degree of lumbar hyper extension and the activity of electromyography of the pelvic muscles.

Twenty- four women with the lumbar hyper extension syndrome in the age range of 30-40 years, non-athlete and without injury and surgery in the lumbar region were divided into two groups of combined and corrective exercises. The groups trained for six weeks and three times a week. Lumbar lordosis, abdominal muscle and gluteus maximus strength and activity of electromyography of selected pelvic muscles were measured before and after exercises.

Paired t-test showed that the variables of lumbar lordosis (combined group: P=0.00, corrective group: P=0.00) were significantly reduced between the two training groups in the post-test compared to the pre-test and the strength of gluteus (combined group: P=0.00, corrective group: P=0.01) and abdominal muscles (combined group: P=0.00, corrective group: P=0.00) in the two groups in the post-test was significantly increased compared to the pre-test. Gluteus maximus (P=0.01) and abdominis transfer muscle activity rates (P=0.03) in the combined group (imagery and corrective exercises) increased significantly in the post-test compared to the pre-test and gluteus maximus muscle activity rate (P=0.03) in the corrective group increased significantly in the post-test compared to the pre-test. The activity rate of lumbar erector spine (combined group: P=0.00, corrective group: P=0.02) and rectus femoris muscles (combined group: P=0.01, corrective group: P=0.00) decreased significantly between the two groups in the post-test compared to the pre-test. Unpaired t-test also showed that there was no significant difference between the two training methods (P ≥ 0.05).

The findings showed imagery corrective exercises have been effective in reducing lumbar hyper extension dysfunction by altering the lumbo – pelvic muscles activity. It is suggested to use imagery corrective exercises which is a different program for reducing increased lumbar lordosis by altering the activity of lumbo-pelvic muscles.

According to the adaptive characteristics of executive functions, the present study aimed to investigate and compare the relationship between executive functions with career adaptability and employability in students with and without attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder.

The present study is a correlational study. Among students studying at Bojnourd University in the academic years 2019 to 2021,138 students with ADHD and 229 students without ADHD were selected by the available sampling method. To collect research data, Barkely’s ADHD rating scale for adults, Barkely’s deficit in executive functions scale, diagnostic interview form for ADHD for adults, Savikas’ career adaptability and Self-Perceived Employability/ ambition Scale were used. Data were analyzed by calculating Pearson correlation coefficients, comparing these relationships, and calculating the effect size of these coefficients in the two groups using SPSS18 software.

The results showed that in the both group of students with and without ADHD, there was a significant negative relationship between deficit in executive functions with career adaptability and employability - except self-control in student without ADHD. Also, the comparison of correlation coefficients in the two groups, showed that all correlations in the group of students with ADHD are statistically stronger than the group of students without ADHD -except emotion self-regulation-. Self-control made the biggest difference between the two variables in the two groups, followed by time management, problem-solving, self-motivation, and emotion self-regulation.

Higher levels of executive dysfunction in adults with ADHD have a greater impact on their occupational functions.

Epilepsy is a chronic and multifactorial disease with recurrent seizures. Carbamazepine is the most common drug used to treat epilepsy. In this research project, the anticonvulsant effects of carbamazepine on the seizure parameters in adult male rats during dorsal hippocampal are investigated epilepsy by electrical kindling method.

This study is experimental. In this study, 49 adult male rats were randomly divided into 7 groups: control, surgical control and drug control, Kindle, drug-Kindle groups. Animals in the Kindle group received daily kindling stimuli rapidly in the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus. In the drug-kindle groups (CBZ20K and CBZ40K), 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg of carbamazepine were injected before receiving kindling stimuli. In the methylcellulose + kindle (MCK) group, before receiving kindling stimuli, the value 0.2 ml of methylcellulose solution was injected. Seizure intensity indices, duration of after discharge, and duration of seizures were recorded during execution. After words, data analysis concerning seizure behavior was conducted using ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis tests.

The results show that there is a significant difference between the mean seizure severities in comparison between the two groups. However, there is no significant difference between the mean duration of after discharge in the two groups MCK and CBZ40K. In addition, there is no statistically significant difference between the mean duration of seizures in the two groups KND and MCK.

The results show that the effective amount of carbamazepine in the CBZ40K group reduces the severity of seizures, the duration of after discharge and the duration of seizures compared to rats in the KND group.

Folliculogenesis is a cycle that any disruption in this cycle leads to disease. Treatment include Surgery, drugs and low-power lasers have been used as complementary. This study investigated photo-bio-stimulation effect of lasers (power<250 mW)) on folliculogenesis cycle in rats’ ovarian tissue in two wavelength 630 and 810 nm autonomously.

Twenty-eight female Wistar rats in weights between 150-250g at the age of 9 weeks divided into four groups: control (CT), Drug(D), Red Laser (RL) and Near Infrared Laser (NIRL). For this, two diode lasers with an output 33±2 mw/cm2 for RL and 212±2 mw/cm2 for NIRL have been used. In the first 2 days of estrous cycle the laser groups were irradiated (5j/cm2 dose). The rats in D group received clomiphene (1μg/Kg). After the experiments, the rats were anesthetized and sacrificed and their ovarian tissues were removed.

The number of different follicles and the levels of effective hormones were evaluated. The results showed a change in follicles and hormones compared with D and CT groups. This change was significant in the NIRL group compared with other groups, while it was not significant in the RL group. Theas results in D group was less than laser groups and was significant only compared with CT group.

Low-power laser therapy at 810 nm can increase the activity of ovarian tissue in the production of follicles independently. Therefore, this study was able to introduce 810 nm laser as a new independent treatment for ovarian hypoglycemia that can be used in future studies.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotional focused therapy and acceptance – commitment therapy on self-compassion couples with marital conflict.

Research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and follow-up test with a control group. The statistical population of the women was referring to Tayebad Behzisti counseling centers. The statistical sample included 39 women (13 women of EFT group, 13 women of ACT group and 13 women of control group) who were selected by available sampling method and randomly placed in three groups. For the experimental groups, EFT (during 9 sessions) and ACT (during 8 sessions) were performed and the control group did not receive any intervention. The research instruments included Barati & Sanai’s Marital Conflict Questionnaire, Neff’s Self-Compassion Questionnaire. For data analysis from the analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test was used.

Findings showed that the educational protocol of emotion-oriented therapy had a more significant effect than acceptance-commitment therapy on increasing their self-compassion in women with marital conflict (P <0.001).

According to the findings of the present study, emotion-oriented therapy package can be used to increase their compassion through expressing emotions, empathy with others and criticism in women with marital conflict.

Epilepsy is one of the most common and chronic neurological diseases in children. The prevalence of this disease among children in Iran is estimated at 5%, which is higher than the average prevalence in other countries. Several studies have been done on the role of trace elements in serum and its role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, but there is still little information on the role of zinc and its serum level in children with epilepsy compared to fever-induced seizures.

Patients with febrile convulsion and epileptic patientsyounger than 6 years old and admitted to pediatric neurology ward of Ghaem hospital from mordad to azar 1398 were divided into two groups of 22 each with parental consent. The third group was selected as the control group with 22 patients in the same age range from febrile patients without pediatric seizure. The amount of 2 ml of blood was collected within the first 6 hours of admission and measured in the biochemical laboratory of Ghaem Hospital by a dedicated serum zinc expert. At the end the results were compared and then analyzed.

A total of 22 epileptic children, 22 children with febrile seizure and 22 children with no seizure as control group were enrolled. The mean age of the patients in the study was 3.00±1.84. The results showed that the serum zinc level in the group of children with epilepsy was 84.53±29.42mg.L, in the febrile seizure group was 82.14±27.61mg.L and in the control group was 83.02±28.25mg.L. Results of statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the three groups (P = 0.96). Statistical analysis also showed no significant difference between each two groups.

The results of this study show that there is no difference between serum zinc level between patients with febrile convulsion and those with epilepsy. However, according to the results of other studies, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to obtain stronger evidence in this topic.