نشریه روانشناسی اجتماعی
سال نهم شماره 61 (پاییز 1400)

Today, the use of social networks has grown a lot and these networks have both positive features and consequences and negative features and consequences. From the factors related to social networks can be noted to interpersonal relationships and emotional regulation. Therefore, the aim of present study was predicting tendency to social networks based on interpersonal relationships and emotional regulation in female high school students. This was a descriptive-analytical study from type of cross-sectional. The study population was all female high school students in Rasht city in the academic years of 2018-19, which from them number of 100 students were selected by available sampling method. Samples responded to research tools including the tendency to social network scale (Andreassen & et al, 2012), communication skills questionnaire (Barton, 1990) and emotional regulation questionnaire (Gross and John, 2003). Data collected by the above tools were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression with enter model methods in SPSS software version 19. The results of Pearson correlation coefficients showed that verbal skill (r= -0.169), feedback skill (r= -0.117), interpersonal relationships (r= -0.367) and emotional regulation (r= -0.420) had a negative and significant relationship with tendency to social networks (P<0.05), but listening skill (r= -0.085) had no significant relationship with the tendency to social networks (P>0.05). The results of multiple regression with enter model showed that interpersonal relationships and emotion regulation could significantly explain 28.5% and the dimensions of interpersonal relationships could significantly explain 4.6% of the changes of tendency to social networks (P<0.05). According to the results, the specialists and planners of education of students to reduce the tendency to social networks can increase the level of interpersonal relationships and emotion regulation in them through training workshops.

Everyone including university students faces many interpersonal problems and challenges in life, and the important thing is how to solve them, which seems coping styles with stressful factor to be related to it. As a result, the aim of this research was predicting social problem solving based on coping styles with stressful factors in university students. The present study was cross-sectional from type of correlation. The research population was all undergraduate students of Islamic Azad University of Saveh branch in 2019-2020 academic years. The sample size was calculated according to Cochran's formula 220 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research tools were the social problem solving revised inventory (D’Zurilla & et al, 2002) and coping styles with stressful factors questionnaire (Endler & Parker, 1990). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression with enter model methods in SPSS version 22 software in the significan level of 0.05. The results of Pearson correlation coefficients showed that problem-oriented style had a positive and significant relationship with adaptive problem solving and emotion-oriented and avoidance-oriented styles had a negative and significant relationship with adaptive problem solving and problem-oriented style had a negative and significant relationship with non-adaptive problem solving and emotion-oriented and avoidance-oriented styles had a positive and significant relationship with non-adaptive problem solving (P<0.05). Also, the results of multiple regression with enter model showed that coping styles with stressful factor could explain 68% of the changes in adaptive problem solving and 22% of the changes in non-adaptive problem solving (P<0.05). According to the results of the present study, university psychologists and counselors to increase adaptive problem solving and decrease non-adaptive problem solving in students can provide the background for improving coping styles with stressful factor.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationships perception of transformational leadership styles of physical education departments heads with employee’s organizational citizenship behaviors. One hundred and five participants, stratified randomly selected, answered transformational leadership style and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) questionnaires. Correlation analyses revealed that perception of transformational leadership style was correlated with organizational citizenship behaviors and three of its facets including (conscientiousness, courtesy, and altruism). No correlations were found between transformational leadership style with sportsmanship and civil virtue. Moreover, facets of transformational leadership (idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual motivation, and individualized consideration) were correlated with some facets of OCB specifically conscientiousness, courtesy and altruism. Regression analyses revealed that among all facets of transformational leadership style, two of them including idealized influence and inspirational motivation more accounted for OCB variance and its facets than other facets. Based on research findings it could be concluded that the managers should strengthen their ideal influence and inspirational motivation for increasing OCB of employees.

Women are the foundation of the health of families and communities, and women are of special importance in ensuring and maintaining the health of the family and society. According to the World Health Organization, enjoying the highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental right of every individual, and many women are deprived of this fundamental right. Women must maintain and improve their health and well-being in order to play their caring role effectively. Health-promoting behaviors are one of the major determinants of health. The purpose of this article is to meta-analyze the social health of women heads of households and non-heads of households and the impact of social support on their health. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection, it is a descriptive survey. The statistical population studied in this study includes 400 women in Mashhad (200 supervisors and 200 non-supervisors) who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and the required data were modified by two Keys social health questionnaires. A researcher-made social support questionnaire was also collected by the researcher. The validity of the instrument used is the validity of the content, and the validity of the instrument is also obtained by the reliability of the internal consistency of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient method. Findings indicate that the average social health among non-head women in Mashhad is higher than women heads of households. Also, social support and its four dimensions in the group of non-caregivers are significantly different from women caregivers. In such a way that unmarried women have more social support.

Intimacy is generally defined as a feeling of closeness between people and increases when a person reveals his or her personal thoughts or feelings to his or her partner, the partner supports him or her, and the partner's response by the whistleblower is validated and It is considered care and causes marital satisfaction in couples. Marital satisfaction is one of the common concepts used to evaluate happiness and stability in marriage. The aim of this study was to explain the relationship between communication beliefs, sexual satisfaction and differentiation with marital intimacy. The statistical population of this study included all married women who referred to health centers in Tehran in 1398, of which 320 people were selected as a sample according to Morgan’s table, which finally considering the possible sample reduction, 350 married women were selected. The sampling method in this study was multistage cluster sampling. The Edelson-Epstein (1981) Relational Belief Inventory, the Larson Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (1988), the Scorne and Friedlander Differentiation Scal Differentiation of Self Inventory e (1998), and the Marital intimacy questionnaire (1995) Couple Intimacy Questionnaire were used to collect data. Findings were analyzed using correlation statistical method in SPSS software version 22 and the results showed that there was a direct and negative correlation (-0.145) between communication beliefs with couple intimacy and significant positive correlation (0.315) between sexual satisfaction and couple intimacy; although there is no significant relationship (0/006) between differentiation and couples intimacy at the level of p <0.01. Therefore, it can be concluded that in order to promote couples intimacy, components such as communication beliefs, sexual satisfaction, and differentiation can be taught and reduced high divorce rate due to the lack of these skills.

The purpose of this study was to develop and test a causal model of students' tendency to addiction based on differentiation through alexithymia and responsibility. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study included all undergraduate students of Azad University units in Tehran in the academic year of 2018-19. Cluster sampling was used to select the sample under study, with 350 students being selected as the sample group. Research instruments included the the Wade and Butcher Addiction Scale (1992), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (1994), the Scorn and Friedlander Differentiation Scale (1998), Nemati Responsibility Scale (1387). They were. Descriptive (mean, standard deviation, tilting and elongation) and inferential (structural equation modeling) methods were used for data analysis using SPSS and Amos software. The results of the measurement model analysis showed that the factor structure of the research scales was acceptable. The results of the conceptual model test indicated that the fit indices of the research model were in good condition. The hypothesis regarding the indirect effect of differentiation on students' tendency to addiction through alexithymia and responsibility was confirmed (p <0.05). The findings of the study indicated that the conceptual model of the research was appropriate. Accordingly, in addiction treatment clinics, attention to antidepressant antecedents and differentiation is necessary to reduce the level of tendency to addiction. . Subsequent results of the study showed that the hypothesis regarding the indirect effect of differentiation on students' addiction tendency mediated by emotional malaise and responsibility was rejected by 95%.

The purpose of this study was development of a model for predicting the marital stability based on social factors (socio-economic status, social homogeneity, and social capital) and satisfaction of marital relationship in student marriages and ranking of these factors in universities of Isfahan. The research method was descriptive structural equation modeling. The research design was a post-event and structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all of Isfahan universities’ students, including University of Isfahan, Isfahan University of Technology, Khorasgan Azad University and Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, who were married as students between 2016 and 2018. From these individuals, a sample of 687 people was selected by purposive convenience sampling. The assessment tool included a researcher-made questionnaire on Social factors, satisfaction of marital relationship and Marital Stability (Shariati, 2019). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and Friedman test. Findings showed that among the social factors, only the factor of social homogeneity of spouses (P <0.05) and satisfaction of marital relationship (P <0.01) are able to significantly explain the marital stability in student marriages. Findings of Friedman test also showed that satisfaction of marital relationship, socio-economic status, social homogeneity and social capital are important in the stability of marriage, respectively and there is a significant difference in the mean rankings (P <0.05). According to these findings, basic programs for marital stability should first focus on education and improving marital relationships, and social factors can be considered in premarital programs.

Prisons staff are faced with many problems, especially in the field of declining marital satisfaction and increasing role conflict, and one of the educational methods to improve the psychological characteristics is ontological education. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determine the effectiveness of ontological education based on Giddens's theory on marital satisfaction and role conflict in prison staff. This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and trimester follow-up with control group. The present study population was the staff of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province prisons in 2018 year. The sample of this study was 30 people of prisons staff who after reviewing the inclusion criteria were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly replaced in two equal groups. The experimental group underwent 10 sessions of 60 minutes (per week one session) ontological education based on Giddens's theory and the control group did not receive training. Both groups in addition to the demographic information form, responded to the short form of marital satisfaction questionnaire (Afrooz and Ghodrati, 2011) and role conflict subscale in the role conflict and ambiguity questionnaire (Rizzo, House and Lirtzman, 1970) in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS-23 software. The findings showed that the ontological education method based on Giddens's theory led to increased marital satisfaction and decreased role conflict in prison staff and the results remained in the follow-up stage (P<0.05). According to the results of the present study, can be used ontological education method along with other educational methods to improve psychological characteristics, especially to increase marital satisfaction and decrease role conflict.

The purpose of this study was to compare antisocial and borderline personality disorder, empathy, and mirror neuron function in chronic addicts and non-addicts with secure and insecure attachment styles. The research method is causal-comparative. The statistical population of this study consisted of all opioid addicts (opium and heroin addicts) who were referred to addiction treatment centers in Tehran in 2019. Sampling method was purposive sampling. The research instruments included the Hazen & Shaver Attachment Style Questionnaire (1987), Davies Empathy Questionnaire (1983), the Millon 3 Clinical Multidisciplinary Questionnaire, and electroencephalography apparatus. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. Results of data analysis showed that main effect of attachment styles was significant (p <0.05). Accordingly, the differences between the two groups of secure and insecure attachment styles in antisocial personality, borderline personality, empathy, and mirror neuron function in the cz channel were confirmed. Accordingly, in both groups of addicts and non-addicts, insecure attachment style had a greater effect on antisocial personality, borderline personality, empathy, and mirror neuronal function in the cz channel. . Also, people with a secure attachment style from a psychoanalytic perspective have a better ability to control their transient needs and behavioral impulses. Benefiting from a strong super ego allows the individual to manage and control the emotions and impulses of the id more powerfully. Postponement of immediate and transient needs draws human attention and concentration to the satisfaction of more important and long-term needs that play an effective role in a person's mental health, as well as the amount of neurotic anxiety caused by interpersonal conflicts. It focuses on the behavior and reduction of impulsive behaviors in these people.

Among mental illnesses, borderline personality disorder is one of the most common disorders in medical settings. On the other hand, despite the fact that patients with this disorder form a heterogeneous group (Hoprich, 2017), they also have common features that are the most important. They are obvious impulsivity and instability in the three areas of interpersonal relationships, mood and self-image. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mentalization therapy and emotion therapy treatment in reducing the symptoms of borderline personality disorder. This study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population in this study included all women with borderline personality disorder symptoms referred to counseling centers in Qom in the age range of 18-35 and from August to October 1399, from which 60 people were selected by availability and in two groups. An experiment and a control group were assigned. All three groups were interviewed and tested before and after the intervention with the Milon-3 questionnaire (Millon, 2000) and according to DSM-5 criteria. Then, both experimental groups underwent subjectivization therapy (Bateman and Fonagy, 2016) and emotion therapy McCullough, 2003) in 8 sessions of 90 minutes, one session per week, and the control group was placed on a waiting list. The results of data analysis were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance using SPSS software version 26 and the results showed that both treatments are effective in reducing the symptoms of borderline personality disorder and mentalization treatment is more effective than emotion therapy. . Also, the results of this effect in the follow-up test remained stable for two months. Therefore, it can be concluded that mentalization therapy along with drug therapy can be used for patients with borderline personality disorder.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of transactional analysis approach on marital adjustment and life satisfaction of primary school male students' mothers District 1 of Tehran. The statistical population of the study was all mothers of first grade boy students in 2017. research design of quasi-experimental type with pre-test and post-test with control group and the sample was selected by multi-stage random sampling and simple random assignment, the sample size was 30 people to teach the interaction behavior analysis approach, of which 15 were in the experimental group and 15 in the control group. Data collection method using, Spanier (1976) marital adjustment scales and Diner et al(1985) life satisfaction scales of and training of transactional analysis approach was performed on the sample during 8 sessions for 90 minutes per week. data were analyzed using statistical test (multivariate analysis of covariance). Findings showed: Training of transactional analysis approach had a positive effect on marital adjustment and components (two-person satisfaction, solidarity-two-person agreement, two-person agreement and expression of affection) in the post-test group and also increased life satisfaction in the experimental group was in post-tested. Also, the results showed that the transactional analysis approach increases marital adjustment and life satisfaction of mothers of first grade boy students in primary school. In general, the concept of marital adjustment and life satisfaction as a dependent variable of this study and also the study of interaction behavior analysis as an independent variable of this study were studied. Considering that human life has undergone changes and transformations over the centuries that have sometimes been in control and sometimes out of human control and have somehow disrupted human adaptation and peace and have led to stress and anxiety. Is.

Women, as half of human resources in societies, are an effective factor in advancing the goals of society and the family. Studies show that women are more vulnerable than men to discrimination and reduced social security, which is one of the most fundamental aspects of life in today's society. Therefore, the present study was conducted to analyze the relationship between social health, communication skills and life skills with women's social security. The method used in this study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study was all women referring to the affairs of martyrs and martyrs. Based on Krejcie and Morgan table, 250 people were selected by convenience sampling. The required data were collected using the questionnaires of social security sense of Sahabi (2010), social health of Keys (1998), communication skills of lawyer and colleagues (2012) and deductive life skills and data analysis using Analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis were performed. The results showed; Social health dimensions are able to predict changes in women's social security. In addition, the variable of social participation has a greater effect on social security. Also, the dimensions of communication skills are able to predict changes in social security and the variable of interpretation and clarity of the audience's speech has a greater effect on social security. Women, as half of human resources in societies, are an effective factor in advancing the goals of society and the family. Studies show that women are more vulnerable than men to discrimination and reduced social security, which is one of the most fundamental aspects of life in today's society. Therefore, the present study was conducted to analyze the relationship between social health, communication skills and life skills with women's social security. The method used in this study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study was all women referring to the affairs of martyrs and martyrs. Based on Krejcie and Morgan table, 250 people were selected by convenience sampling. The required data were collected using the questionnaires of social security sense of Sahabi (2010), social health of Keys (1998), communication skills of lawyer and colleagues (2012) and deductive life skills and data analysis using Analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis were performed. The results showed; Social health dimensions are able to predict changes in women's social security. In addition, the variable of social participation has a greater effect on social security. Also, the dimensions of communication skills are able to predict changes in social security and the variable of interpretation and clarity of the audience's speech has a greater effect on social security.