فصلنامه نقش جهان - مطالعات نظری و فناوری های نوین معماری و شهرسازی
سال یازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 36، زمستان 1400)

It is to achieve practical criteria for designing and improving the quality of social behavior settings in accordance with the spatial qualitative values of social behavior settings in neighborhood parks and considering the components affecting the quality of the behavior settings with a holistic approach (objective-subjective) which include objective and subjective criteria which lack of proper attention to them, overshadows the overall function of the park spaces. Based on the Persian garden lessons, it can strengthen social interactions.

This study was based on fieldwork with an analytical-descriptive approach. Quantitative analysis tools of indicators include questionnaires and cognitive maps to examine objective and subjective criteria from the landscaping perspective in behavior settings and the objective quality of space is evaluated by the syntactic indicators of space syntax.

Findings indicate that among the objective criteria of place in behavior settings of neighborhood parks in the 5th district of Tehran, safety and social activities and also among the subjective components of place, security and sociability in the physical quality of the park have higher priority.

The results show that People use spatial places that are designed openly and adjacent to active social settings as subjective settings without regard to physical values. Numerical intervals obtained from modeling in the depthmap show the attention of designers to the shape of ground in the design of park and lack of attention to spatial quality of behavioral settings, which is directly related to security and sociability of the park.

Topology optimization is among contemporary approaches introduced to connect Architecture and Structural Engineering through simultaneous form-finding of the Architecture and Structural design. It is among various optimizations methods in structural engineering, which has been recently adopted in the architectural design process due to its direct effect on the overall form of the structure. This research aims to outline the potentials of this method within the realm of the design process as a framework.

Given that this research is performed using Finite Element modelling, at first, the theoretical framework of TO within FE software is described briefly and practically. Further on, different examples of the application of this method for architectural design is introduced, and the procedure of utilizing the method within architectural design process by use of related software and algorithms is described.

Throughout the Architectural design with TO, the effect of the initial design decisions on the resulting forms becomes somewhat unclear; for this purpose, morphology diagrams have been provided for cases similar to the design problem to facilitate the initial decision making of the designer at the initial stages of the design. Morphology diagrams, describing the effect of parameters related to boundary conditions for similar cases, make the design process transparent.

in this paper, a well-defined framework of the TO process and the required information to apply this method in the architectural design process are presented, and its application in the case study of an urban pedestrian bridge is described.

Nowadays, air pollution and rising greenhouse gases are among the major problems in the world. This problem that affects not only human life and health, but also destructive effects on global warming. Concerns about pandemic diseases have increased the importance of healthy air and the health of citizens. The purpose of this study is to introduce the capacities of biological membranes for use as a living and environment-friendly material in the walls of buildings.

The research method is quasi-experimental, which is based on simulation of the effects of using the proposed shell of the research. The designed operational model represents the production of artificial shells, which have the ability to absorb air pollutant particles and can also warn if the amount of these pollutants increases with color change. The use of lipid-like peptoids - abnormal particles mimicked by peptides and proteins and similar to cell membrane phospholipids - to simulate the plasma membrane of cells and build this synthetic shell has been suggested in this study.

These molecules, like plasma membrane phospholipids, can attach to side chains and other molecules to absorb pollutant particles, turning them into harmless particles. Therefore, these shells can be produced with special features and functions such as self-repair, self-assembly and air filtration.

The research emphasizes on the necessity of preparation for the post-Pandemic age. Cheap and efficient production, the availability of amines needed to make peptide chains, make these molecules a good choice for building shells as environmentally friendly materials.

This study investigates the amount of heating load, cooling load, daylight and ventilation in different types of construction in Tehran and based on the objective function, calculates the optimal building type by considering the general form and RC(relative compactness) and Introduces the basis of WWR(window to wall ratio), states of window to wall distribution and orientation.

At first, different types of building types in Tehran were extracted. The types were arranged in a modular method and were classified after calculating the RC. Then the types were modeled and simulated using software to calculate heating load, cooling load, daylight and ventilation in different modes. For each type, 60 analysis were performed and by writing the objective function, the types were compared and the optimal types was introduced.

The types with a RC=0.95, WWR=10% and West 270, had the lowest heating and cooling load. Although it has a minimum energy load, it doeschr(chr('39')39chr('39'))nt have maximum daylight and ventilation. For this purpose, after equalizing the unit and writing the target function, a building types with a RC=0.54, WWR=40% and Uniform 180 with the lowest energy consumption and the highest amount of daylight and ventilation was selected as the optimal form.

Although the building types with high RC has the least load of heating and cooling, but considering other variables, these types is not optimal in climatic performance. Therefore, the weight coefficient of variables in the objective function is very important for deciding on the energy consumption of building types.

The purpose of the research is to introduce the capabilities and capacities of contemporary and industrial heritage of Iran in in the post-COVID era.

The analysis of the most important developments of the possible scenarios for the post-Corona period as well as the needs of the post-pandemic age creates a kind of in-depth conceptual framework for the selected descriptive and analytical research methods. The conceptual model of the research is designed based on the highperformance architecture theory and the standard of a well building. The main strategy of the research is to turn the weakness into the strength, and to turn threats into opportunities, with a futuristic approach. Kahrizak Sugar Factory as a shared-heritage of Iran and Belgium has been selected as a case study.

The findings emphasize on the necessity of accordance with post-corona age requirements, based on seven factors of a well building including: 11- Air, 2- Water, 3- Light, 4- Mind, 5- Comfort, 6- Fitness and 7- Nourishment. It shows that the Kahrizak sugar factory has high potentials to become a model of contemporization, in line with architectural and urban planning priorities in the post-COVID era.

The concept of health in harmony with the green adaptive reuse is a key concept to deal with contemporization of industrial heritage sites, which provides a competitive for the post-COVID agae in line with the aims of the sustainable development.

The study of natural shells has long been considered by architects. This research focuses on investigation and recognition of "Rotationally Symmetrical Synclastic" shells (RSS shells). It aims to promote and introduce the structural capabilities of RSS shells in architecture in order to promote the use of the bird eggshell pattern in nature.

The research method is mixture of the descriptive-analytical and the comparative methodology; with the use of the primary sources, MATLAB analytical software, and parametric analysis of the optimality of bird eggshell surfaces as examples of natural RSS shells. The research method is set to introduce how to use the optimal and functional capabilities of these surfaces in architecture.

First, an introduction of RSS shells and their morphology is presented with an emphasis on bird eggshells. Next, the issue of bird eggshell optimality and the usability of optimal forms and structures of these shells in architecture is discussed. Finally, after interpreting and analyzing the data, a parametric analysis of the optimality of eggshell surfaces was carried out, which informed the use of similar RSS shells in architecture.

By using digital analysis tools in parametric modeling of bird eggshells, more optimal RSS shells can be achieved in contemporary architecture. Shells with minimal materials and the ability to run faster and easier than other shells, which can be suitable coverings for large spans.

 the Sardar of Bagh-e Melli was the symbol of Tehran for many years. Its current state is the result of events, changes in Visions, and social, cultural, and political changes. This study focuses on the experience of Tehran Beautification Organization to reveal the quality of conservation in valuable monuments of Tehran.

the current study is a descriptive-analytic and explorative-field work study. It has tried to triangulate the results of to Make understandable with library studies and document analysis to offer hypothesis in terms of interpretation of hidden elements and features of the monument and provide a proper analysis of the changes and the reasons behind them.

studies show that the monument had four distinct periods of life, the effect of each can be seen as physical changes and interventions in it: 1- Formation as a symbol of power in the bureaucracy of the capital and the country; 2- The period of pause in urban development; 3- The era of ignorance and decline; 4- The rise of historical and symbolic values of the monument in the old Tehran.

The study answers the questions regarding the formation, changes, and second rise of a monument that was the symbol of Tehran in an era and is considered the face of old Tehran today. In these examinations it became clear how social and political changes affected the rise and focalization of a monument and consequently resulted in its decline. Thus, the value of the said monument in each era makes certain changes permissible or prohibited. Finally, the growing old of previous values and formation of new ones are studied and how this limit intervention in the monument more difficult compared to older taboos.