فصلنامه نقش جهان - مطالعات نظری و فناوری های نوین معماری و شهرسازی
سال سیزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 44، زمستان 1402)

Gustavo Giovannoni theory in architecture, urban design and urban conservation is famous for its brilliant effects on the physical quality and increasing the identity of neighborhoods, and guiding the design action to improve the "quality of historical setting". The purpose of this research is to explain the opinion of people and experts about the theory of Gustav Giovannoni. The hypotheses of the research tell about the applicability of the opinions and thoughts of Gustav Giovannoni to respond to the needs of the old and ancient context of the historical city of Tabriz.

The research at the beginning of the work in a descriptive way, the opinions and thoughts of Gustavo Giovannoni in five axes including 1- solidification, 2- re-china or anastylosis, 3- liberation, 4- completion and 5- innovation; It is analyzed and then people and experts are asked about it using a questionnaire. research in terms of type, applied; And it is a combination of descriptive and analytical methods.

The survey of 385 citizens (the number of respondents was selected with Cochran formula) and 37 experts (the number was selected based on snowball) shows significant results.

The results of the research emphasize that the five priorities identified from the opinions and thoughts of Gustav Giovannoni have been approved by both people and experts. It is noteworthy that experts emphasize these priorities more than people to guide the urban restoration process for the future of the old and ancient fabric of the historical city of Tabriz.

The credit system is in the focal point of the attention of the design philosophy. The main purpose of the research is to identify the view point of the Allameh Tabatabai, for analyzing the functions of the credit system and perceptual device, in architectural design process. It is to improve the performance of designers and architects.

The process of perception has been explained by the philosophers in a more comprehensive way than other related sciences. Meanwhile, the problem of the existence and the way of formation of the basic assumptions of the perceptual system is the challenging problem of the research. The logical argumentation research paradigm, the descriptive-documentary methodology have been adopted with qualitative-quantitative research approaches to outline the the view point of the Allameh Tabatabai.

The findings of the research show that understanding the phenomena and the process of transforming human's peripheral and internal contents into knowledge is an extremely multifaceted and wide-ranging issue. What and how we think are among the desiners’ dellima toward architectural design process, but most of the experts in the field of design and architecture have also shown favor to the view point of the Allameh Tabatabai.

Allameh Tabatabai confirmed the existence of this important sub-system in the mental system and described the process of its formation in a completely argumentative philosophical statement. He named this knowledge package the “credit system” and recognizes it as one of the sub-sections of the perception system as a part of conceptual recognition system.

Aims :

The complexity of today`s urban issues are such that researchers and urban designers can not manage to to focus on all topics simultaneously and explain the consequences of their decisions and their designs in urban spaces. Space syntax logic, which is one of the mechanisms that can help in overcoming these types of problems, uses software that has high accuracy in mathematical calculations and presentation of graphic maps. The purpose of this research is to investigate the qualities of the spatial dimension and the experience of pedestrians in Resalat Square, Tehran.

Methodes:

 in this study, while using DepthMap software due to observations and interviews with residents, retailers and pedestrians and observing the problems of citizens' access to different parts of the square, the technical weaknesses of software related to space syntax logic were identified and the strengths and weaknesses were achieved through SWOT technique.

Findings:

 After reviewing the preliminary results and observing the methodological contradictions, the field survey was renewed inorder to reveal the additional requirements. The results can be considered in two aspects. Firstly, raising additional awareness to refine space syntax logic, mathematical cognition, and DepthMap software, and secondly, achieving comprehensive cognition of Resalat Square in spatial structure.

Conclusion :

The human experience of the city can be different from the quantitative results obtained. The final results indicate that the south and southwest areas of Resalat Square have the best state of integration and connection with other urban spaces and consequently have the greatest potential for development.

Fine dust is one of the environmental challenges in dry areas, which disturb human comfort. Wind is the main factor in the movement of fine dust, and the movement pattern of wind is affected by the architecture of cities. The presence of a hole in the form is one of the design which affects the wind load and the flow of fine dust. The purpose of this research is to compare the distribution of fine dust in a tall building with horizontal cavity, with variable number and volume of cavity.

Numerical study was done by CFD. K-omega-SSD turbulence model is used. In order to the software data (the size and type of particles), the field sampling method has been used.

The findings of the research show that as the number of holes increases in volume and their size decreases, the wind speed inside the holes decreases and on the other hand, the movement behavior of the wind and accordingly the dispersion behavior of the particles become more uniform. In these cavities, the concentration of suspended particles increases and their size becomes smaller.

The results show that the design of the form with more holes and smaller volume is more suitable to deal with the phenomenon of fine dust and to achieve comfort in indoor environments. In addition, the design of the openings at higher heights and the depth of the holes reduces the settling rate of fine dust particles in the interior spaces.

The purpose of the current research is to analyze the configuration and spatial organization in the plan of historical schools of Islamic-Iranian architecture and compare it with new schools in terms of interconnectedness, depth (spatial influence), connection and accessibility.

The research method is descriptive-analytical with logical argumentation and deductive reasoning, as well as simulation with the use of Depth-map software. As case studies, Chaharbagh, Sadr Bazar and Sadr Khajo schools have been selected as historical educational buildings with a high arrangement and integration and uniform configuration, and Saadi and Setare Sobh schools with linear organization have been selected as contemporary educational buildings.

In Chaharbagh, Sadr Khajo and Sadr Bazar schools, they have the most spatial influence. The factor of difference in these schools is close to one which shows high spatial integration and the same configuration. We can also mention the connection between open space and education. The yard has the most access and is the heart of the configuration. After that, porches and cells have the least amount of access. In contemporary schools, the connection is less than in traditional schools. It can be seen in the combination of entrance, corridor and classroom spaces.

The analysis of the plans and the outlines of the schools from the past to the present shows the changing factors have a great impact on the of difference and the distance from the case study one, which indicates change in organization, the reduction of spatial integration and uneven configuration.

Emerging technology is a part of the international identity of contemporary architecture. Architectural algorithms as a practical tool have influenced modern designs. The aim of the research is to reformulate future architecture through examination of the visual, form and functional characteristics of buildings. Achieving the goal of the research requires creating a theoretical framework for the role of emerging technologies and determining the levels and mechanisms of their application to form the identity of highperformance architecture.

The research methodology is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods with a theorization approach and exploratory survey of examples of projects that have been influenced by emerging technologies. The results have been analyzed based on three-way analysis, Likert scale and using SPSS statistical software.

The main indicators investigated in the research have an effective role with an impact rate of 40 to 100 percent. The obtained numerical results indicate the confirmation of research hypotheses and the necessity of a designerly approach to highperformance architecture.

The results of the research emphasize the capacity of emerging technologies in interaction with contextual identity. The results concluded in the significance of highlighting the Islamic Iranian identity of the country as a field for realizing the highperformance architecture theory. The conclusion of the research shows that a designerly approach to highperformance architecture is a prerequisite to interaction between context and emerging technologies. Islamic Iranian identity should be seen as a scene for visioning the future architecture and the architecture of the future.

Tehran, as the capital of Islamic Iran, has a strong and valuable history in the modern period. The formation of new Tehran in less than three centuries ago and its dramatic changes in one and half century have created many problems for it. The most important identified challenge is the need to review Tehran's contemporary heritage, to materialize Islamic Iranian urban identity.

The research has a qualitative approach, which is known as "meta-analysis". The research technique is the analysis of documents through which the research examines the subject literature and upstream documents. Relying on "complete research" and "theoretical saturation" has given special validity to the research results.

The results of the research refer to ten concepts that are possible to recognize the modern identity of the city of Tehran, and redesign the Iranian Islamic identity of the city of Tehran through them. Things like 1- street, 2- urban open space, 3- religious places, 4- city geometry, 5- urban neighborhoods, 6- intermediate space, 7- cultural space in the city, 8- residence, 9- urban squares and 10- Education and educational spaces.

The results of the research emphasize the importance of "urban identification", "popularization" and "intelligence" as the three pillars of Iranian Islamic identity in the field of tasks and missions of Tehran City Beautification Organization; The issue that is needed to realize the vision of "Tehran; The metropolis is the model of the Islamic world" and its various dimensions are necessary and necessary.