فصلنامه سیاست علم و فناوری
سال چهاردهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 52، زمستان 1400)

Financial technological phenomena are likely to cause side and adverse effects due to the changes in their ecosystem. So far, various and parallel regulatory channels have been used by financial regulators. The regulatory Sandbox has also attracted a lot of attention in recent years as one of the available ways to understand these phenomena. This space is a framework provided by a regulatory body that allows start-ups to test their innovative solutions on a small, live scale before entering the market. But extracting the requirements for success and the challenges ahead is an issue that has been overlooked because of its novelty. Therefore, in this study, we have tried to identify the requirements for success and its challenges through library studies and semi-structured interviews from a sample of 42 elites. Based on the content analysis of the interviews conducted by the coding method using NVIVO software, the results should be aggregated and combined in the form of thematic categories and analytical statements based on the frequency of phrases and keywords. The results of this study require the successful implementation of the test environment to create specialized test environments with a dedicated unit, 3 to 12 months test period with two periods of appropriate 6-month extension, providing services based on user leveling, forming a complaints unit, facilitating entry conditions with conditions Minimum is the continuation of supervision after the examination period, the provision of consulting services, the implementation of barriers and exemptions with the implementation of steps and the use of outsourcing services to evaluate applicants.

Finding a solution to the problem of the prevalence of scientific misconduct, if we recognize it as a problem, requires comparative studies and observation of successful (or unsuccessful) experiences of other countries. Therefore, in this article based on a comparative research on legal experiences in selected countries (some of which are successful in dealing with scientific misconducts and others less successful) it will be argued that legal rules and processes do not provide sufficient conditions for supporting scientific integrity.For this Purpose, firstly, by searching for evidence of scientific misconducts in less successful countries, found evidence that indicate the existence of the phenomenon of “epidemic misconduct”, as well as differences in the type of cases and the extent of people who commit misconducts. secondly, the policies of more successful countries, and the established policies related to scientific misconduct, examined, and argued (and predicted) that, given the differences noted between the two countries, the application of the legal policies of successful countries will not work in less successful countries. Finally, with reference to examples of the failure of the experiences of less successful countries to apply the legal experiences of successful countries, the prediction confirmed. Finally, an analysis of why the failure occurs is provided.

Empowered human resources are one of the most important factors in the development of innovation in enterprises. In terms of innovation policy studies, governments use policy tools, especially in private businesses, to improve innovative performance. Designing a policy model is very important for government support for capable human resources in knowledge-based companies. In order to design this policy model in Iran, a case study of the knowledge-based specialized duty system facility program has been on the agenda in this research. The data collection method was semi-structured qualitative interview and the content analysis method was used to analyze the data. Based on the proposed model in this researchDesigning a policy based on providing an identification and evaluation system for individuals and companies needs to be considered in other policies. Strengthen the project development framework and performance monitoring model of applicants using intermediary institutions such as private brokers and specialists and technical consultants. Also, establishing coordination in the body of government and governance with the design of an appropriate governance system and the use of technological infrastructure will have a serious impact on the evolution of the policy model.

Considering the detailed document of the Sixth Development Plan of the country, the essence of focusing on the export of products with advanced technology as an indicator of the effectiveness of national innovation capability, is one of the important goals of development. Therefore, in this study in order to designing a dynamic system in evaluating the extent of access to the mentioned goal, through examining the evolution of the intellectual structure of national innovation capability by using the bibliographic analysis approach, the key concepts related to it were classified in clusters, and based on the extracted concepts, the main components of the promotion model of national innovation capability were identified. Then, based on the research background and holding of the focus group with experts, other variables were determined in accordance to the dimensions of promoting national innovation capability, and based on the system dynamics approach, a dynamic model was drawn. Then, different strategies to innovation capability based on behavior of the main variable of the ratio of exports of high-tech products to patents were examined and analyzed.  The findings indicated the extraction of 5 clusters which were technological catch-up and productivity, knowledge absorptive capacity, dynamic capability, technological capability, and strategic alliance, as the main concepts extracted from bibliographic analysis. By applying two main strategies of encouraging the return of elites to the country, and facilitating the commercialization of knowledge-based products, the simulated variable of the ratio of exports of high-tech products to patents showed better behavior in the future.

The field of university and the field of entrepreneurship have a strong relationship with each other and play an important role in the development of the country, individuals, organizations and companies. Spin-off Companies is one of the companies that have reciprocal relations with the field of university entrepreneurship. In fact, university mechanisms have multiple effects in different dimensions and categories on the development or non-development of these companies, and it is necessary to recognize these effects in order to plan properly for universities and related companies. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to identify the thought patterns that govern the effects of university support mechanisms on the development of university-based companies. For this purpose, three universities of Imam Khomeini, Razi Kermanshah and Yazd University were selected for case study, data were collected from faculty members, administrators, and graduate students, including 62 experts from all three universities, in the form of interviews and questionnaires. To identify and determine the categories of academic entrepreneurship, inductive qualitative content analysis method and to analyze thought patterns, Q analytical model have been used. The results showed that mechanisms and categories of the university were in eight groups: university policy changes, individual factors, university rules, infrastructure, de-monopolization, macro factors, partnerships and barriers to corporate development. Universities also have relatively good effects on the development of companies in general, but the relationship between companies and universities is weak due to the lack of companies.

Numerous studies have been conducted on the position of the mediator in the ecosystem of non-electronic industries. However, there are limited studies on the intermediary of creating common value in the ecosystem of electronics industries. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the dimensions of the value creation mediator in the ecosystem of electronics industries.The present study was conducted using a qualitative method and a systematic data theory approach. In-depth interviews were conducted with 19 experts in the field of innovation and electronics industry in order to gather information. From the analysis of data on 236 concepts, a total of 186 open source and after analyzing and aggregating the data, 19 sub-categories were obtained and finally 6 main categories were identified and discovered as the dimensions of the mediating entity of creating common value in the ecosystem of electronic industry. These six main categories are the category of "shared value creation institution" as a central phenomenon whose role is the creation and development of common assets, resulting from inter-institutional cooperation and the category of "creative exchange network" as causal conditions that underlie the realization, discovery and development of assets. Includes the category of "cooperation network requirements" as effective conditions for enabling value-creating cooperation between institutions, and the category of "institutional cooperation conflict" as intervening conditions that prevent divergence of inter-institutional cooperation, and the category of "cooperation programs". "Joint" as an action strategy that determines the main way of creating value in inter-institutional cooperation, and finally, the category of "eco-excellence of the electronics industry" as the effects and consequences of that central phenomenon.