مجله راهور
پیاپی 38 (پاییز 1400)

Lack of an appropriate local model of management, both criminal and non-criminal of crime and traffic violations for commanders and managers of urban traffic and traffic managers of the Islamic Republic of Iran, is one of the most important issues facing them in carrying out important prevention mission in driving violations and offenses in the current situation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design a model for the prevention of driving offenses.

This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of quantitative methods of data collection. The statistical population includes traffic police officers in Tehran, as well as drivers who violated the law in the investigation period. Simple random sampling and statistical sample included 264 and 277 drivers and traffic police officers, respectively. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and data were analyzed using SPSS and Smart PLS statistical software.

It showed that at the level of 0.95, there is a relatively strong relationship between the variables with the pattern of crime prevention and driving violations, which has the highest effect of prevention related to the prevention of circuit growth with 63.8 (strong relationship), criminal prevention with 42 (Strong relationship), social prevention with a value of 38.1 (moderate relationship) and finally the lowest value related to situational prevention with a value of 16.5 (weak relationship) compared to the pattern of prevention of crimes and driving violations. Also, the factor loads of developmental prevention are equal to 0.789, criminal prevention is equal to 0.648, social prevention is equal to 0.617 and finally situational prevention is equal to 40.6 which are more than 0.4 which is at the level of 0.95. It is meaningful.

Finally, 4 variables, 14 components and 104 indicators including growth-oriented prevention variables including family-oriented programs, school-based programs, for social prevention variables including social constraints, risk management, awareness, program Community-based and specialized police training, for the situation prevention variable including patrolling, intangible control, use of cameras and intelligent systems for recording violations, and finally for the criminal prevention variable components of punishment certainty, certainty of punishments and The severity of the punishments.

In the last few years, the crime of fake accidents has become a major problem in the community. In the present study appropriate prevention measures were taken to deal with it. In fact, the main purpose of this study is to "explain the effective factors in committing the crime of fake accidents."

The research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative approach, which was done by directional content analysis. The study population of this study consisted of 20 experts related to the subject of investigating and dealing with fake accidents in the form of purposeful sampling until sampling of data was achieved. The dependent used to collect data using semi-structured interview technique.

Based on the research findings, the effective factors in committing the crime of fake accident in 4 subcategories and 23 open codes, including 9 social and cultural codes, 5 economic codes, 5 interdepartmental codes and 4 legal codes, respectively; Methods used by criminals to commit fake accidents in four subcategories and 48 open codes, including 6 time zone codes, 6 accident location codes, 12 personal identification codes, 8 accident type codes, 15 injury type codes; consequences of fake accident crimes in four sub categories and 21 open codes. It includes 5 economic codes, 8 social and cultural codes, 6 legal codes and 3 inter-sectoral codes, and finally prevention strategies in four subcategories and 43 open codes include 4 economic codes, 7 social and cultural codes, 11 legal codes and 21 inter-sectoral codes.

Investigating the factors involved, identifying the methods of committing the crime of fake accidents, and recognizing the consequences of this crime at the community level and finally preventive strategies can play a useful and effective role in preventing the crime of fake accidents by related devices. Guide the use of all capacities to remove obstacles and problems in the relentless fight against this phenomenon.

The prevalence of traffic casualties in Iran is increasing every day and studies show that the human factor has the largest share in these casualties. Therefore, in order to reduce casualties, costs and injuries caused by traffic accidents, more attention was paid to its human dimension. In fact, people with aggressive driving and the violations caused by it should be searched in the psychological and personality conditions of people. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pattern of death anxiety based on personality traits mediated by cognitive emotion regulation in young drivers in Bojnourd.

This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of quantitative methods of data collection. The statistical population of this study included all young drivers in Bojnourd, whose number was 445 people. A total of 206 people were selected and evaluated by simple random sampling. Data collection tools included standard cognitive emotion regulation questionnaires (2006), Neo Personality Traits Questionnaire (1995) and Templer Death Anxiety Questionnaire (1970). Structural equation modeling was used to study the model.

The findings of the study by amos software showed that the proposed model fits the data and the emotional regulation variable has a complete mediating role between personality traits and death anxiety. That is, the structure of emotional regulation can explain the relationship between personality traits and death anxiety in young drivers.

 According to the research findings, to explain the relationship between personality traits and death anxiety, emotion regulation structure can be used. Therefore, it is suggested to Emotional adjustment should be considered for drivers.

Many factors, including human behavioral and attitudinal dimensions, effect on the perpetration of driving violations. This study has investigated the role of culture and attitude to driving in outbreak of violations among Internet taxi drivers in Sanandaj, with a sociological approach and based on the theoretical literature related to social action and behavior, especially the theory of rational action and planned behavior.

This study is a quantitative research and was conducted by survey method in 2020 year. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was verified in terms of validity and reliability. The statistical population of the study was SNAP drivers in Sanandaj with an approximate population of 10,000 people and according to Krejcie and Morgan table, 373 samples were estimated. The samples were selected by simple random sampling. To analyze the data Univariate statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, enter method multivariate regression analysis and path analysis was used.

The results showed that some aspects of driving culture have a more important role in the driving violations; so that a weaker driving culture is associated with more violations and vice versa. Also, a more positive driving attitude was associated with less violations and a more negative driving attitude was associated with more violations. The average of violations rate was higher in younger, single drivers, and people who hold their obtaining certificate for a shorter time. Multivariate analysis showed that the variables of marital status, social responsibility, participation and pattern ability can explain together 25.5% of changes in the dependent variable.

According to the results of this study, social responsibility is one of the most important and strongest variables affecting driving violations and therefore should be given more attention in educational programs and policies.

Traffic accident prediction models can help to understand the causes of accidents and predict their occurrence in specific situations. The aim of this study was to create a crash prediction model for Yazd-Anar highway as part of the north-south road transport corridor using fuzzy logic method and to further analyze the sensitivity of different crash reduction strategies to help make a decision. Recipients are provided to implement appropriate corrections.

The method presented in this research is the use of fuzzy logic to predict and analyze the sensitivity of factors affecting accidents that may occur during the year. The data of this research are Yazd-Anar highway accidents in the last ten years and the research variables include road width, road pavement conditions, average hourly traffic volume, speed, number of access points to the highway and the status of traffic signs. By performing sensitivity analysis, appropriate steps and precautions have been suggested in order to reduce accidents.

The research findings showed that the proposed fuzzy logic system provides an accurate and stable prediction of the number of traffic accidents with a coefficient of determination of more than 87%.

Implementation of short-term and long-term programs resulting from the sensitivity analysis of factors affecting traffic accidents will reduce accidents by 15.2% and 42.3%, respectively.

Today's world and the development of modern technology and industry and lifestyle has required driving. In the culture of societies, driving and owning a car has become a socio-economic asset. In the meantime, not all citizens obey the traffic law, violation of traffic norms, conflict with the police during fines and registration of violations and the desire to break the law as a pleasant and enjoyable behavior, is seen in activists who drive in the city or They are moving around and also the volume of traffic violations in Iran, despite the crimes and costs of violations as well as official control, is increasing and is part of the main issues of the IRIPF corridor as it takes up part of the time and energy of IRIPF manpower. Finally, the purpose of this study is to study the factors affecting driving violations in Iran by cma2 method.

Quantitative research method (meta-analysis), its instrument, inverse questionnaire, period 2011-2021, purposive-non-probabilistic sampling method, the statistical population of which is 36 researches in which 25 samples of survey document have been selected.

The results show that driving violations in Iran under the influence of capital factors (Effect size = 0.381), control (Effect size = 0.282), behavioral (Effect size = 0.204), structural (Effect = 0.189) size), ethical (Effect size = 0.198) and demographic-contextual (Effect size = 0.281) and in total, the above variables have been able to explain 0.289 of traffic violations.

Accordingly, what links traffic rules (traffic and driving) with drivers. The level of socio-cultural capital, compliance with control institutions (no sense of conflict with the police, respect for the police when recording violations, democratization of drivers' performance monitoring) and self-concept in front of society (no sense of discrimination-injustice) Lack of failure is respect for one's identity as a cultural citizen.